Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates

O*NET-SOC コード: 23-1023.00

Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.

データ出典: BLS公表時点: 2026-08
高い· 相対
低い4段階の相対区分非常に高い
職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
4段階の相対区分（低い / 中程度 / 高い / 非常に高い）
BLS雇用見通し表の詳細職業831件が母数。値は NEM(全国雇用マトリクス)コード単位で付与されるため、同じ NEM コードの職業は同じバンドになります
出典データセット（XLSX ファイルのダウンロード）
データ出典: Anthropic公表時点: 2026-03
0.311
0.000ここに掲載された値の範囲0.745
尺度・母数・出典
観測エクスポージャー指数、公開されたまま0–1
O*NETタスクへの対応づけが基準
SOC 2018の職業単位で公表された値で、同じSOC 2018コードを持つO*NET職業はすべてこの値になります
出典データセット（CSV ファイルのダウンロード）
データ出典: ILO公表時点: 2025
0.31
0.09ここに掲載された値の範囲0.70
職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
生成AI露出度指数、公開されたまま0–1
ISCO-08の細分類（4桁）単位で公表された値です。米国労働統計局（BLS）の公式対応表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）を公表どおり適用してこの職業に結び付けており、対応は全部または一部です
出典データセット（PDF ファイルのダウンロード）

この出典がどのような性格の値か

BLSの区分は絶対水準ではなく相対順位であり、一次測定でもありません。複数の既存研究が付けた職業別パーセンタイル順位を4段階にまとめた値です。雇用や賃金の予測でもなく、導入確率でもなく、自動化と増強を区別しません。

Task-level exposure

露出のある作業のみ

評価済みタスク 21 件 · β ≥ 0.5 のタスク 17 件（81.0%）

β = 直接的な露出（E1）+ 0.5 × ツール利用時の露出（E2）。原典リポジトリの定義に従います。

原典の単位：O*NET 27.2 のタスク → O*NET 31.0 の職業コード
評価済みタスクはすべて O*NET 31.0 のタスク一覧にあります。

出典: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版: gh-main-0471612
ライセンス: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Write decisions on cases. 23-1023.00	0.019741.4
Research legal issues and write opinions on the issues. 23-1023.00	0.009419.7
Provide information regarding the judicial system or other legal issues through the media and public speeches. 23-1023.00	0.009018.9
Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues. 23-1023.00	0.006012.6
Advise attorneys, juries, litigants, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings. 23-1023.00	0.00357.4
Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.	—0
Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony.	—0
Preside over hearings and listen to allegations made by plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the charges.	—0
Interpret and enforce rules of procedure or establish new rules in situations where there are no procedures already established by law.	—0
Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.	—0
Award compensation for damages to litigants in civil cases in relation to findings by juries or by the court.	—0
Settle disputes between opposing attorneys.	—0
Impose restrictions upon parties in civil cases until trials can be held.	—0
Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.	—0
Conduct preliminary hearings to decide issues such as whether there is reasonable and probable cause to hold defendants in felony cases.	—0
Supervise other judges, court officers, and the court's administrative staff.	—0
Rule on custody and access disputes, and enforce court orders regarding custody and support of children.	—0
Grant divorces and divide assets between spouses.	—0
Participate in judicial tribunals to help resolve disputes.	—0
Perform wedding ceremonies.	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes. O*NET Task ID 5644	0.5
Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony. O*NET Task ID 5645	0.5
Preside over hearings and listen to allegations made by plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the charges. O*NET Task ID 5646	0.5
Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues. O*NET Task ID 5647	0.5
Interpret and enforce rules of procedure or establish new rules in situations where there are no procedures already established by law. O*NET Task ID 5648	0.5
Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed. O*NET Task ID 5649	0.5
Advise attorneys, juries, litigants, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings. O*NET Task ID 5650	0.5
Research legal issues and write opinions on the issues. O*NET Task ID 5651	0.5
Conduct preliminary hearings to decide issues, such as whether there is reasonable and probable cause to hold defendants in felony cases. O*NET Task ID 5652	0.5
Write decisions on cases. O*NET Task ID 5653	0.5
Award compensation for damages to litigants in civil cases in relation to findings by juries or by the court. O*NET Task ID 5654	0.5
Settle disputes between opposing attorneys. O*NET Task ID 5655	0.5
Impose restrictions upon parties in civil cases until trials can be held. O*NET Task ID 5657	0.5
Rule on custody and access disputes, and enforce court orders regarding custody and support of children. O*NET Task ID 5658	0.5
Grant divorces and divide assets between spouses. O*NET Task ID 5659	0.5
Provide information regarding the judicial system or other legal issues through the media and public speeches. O*NET Task ID 20057	0.5
Issue arrest warrants. O*NET Task ID 21182	0.5
他 7 件の作業を表示 ▾折りたたむ ▴
Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts. O*NET Task ID 5643	0.0
Supervise other judges, court officers, and the court's administrative staff. O*NET Task ID 5656	0.0
Participate in judicial tribunals to help resolve disputes. O*NET Task ID 5660	0.0
Perform wedding ceremonies. O*NET Task ID 5661	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件（21件）

この職業の O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件（英語原文、種別はコア・補足）。露出値はこの一覧には載せず、上の表で各出典が用いた O*NET 版の文言の横にあります。

タスク（O*NET 31.0）	種類
Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.	コア
Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.	コア
Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony.	コア
Preside over hearings and listen to allegations made by plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the charges.	コア
Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.	コア
Interpret and enforce rules of procedure or establish new rules in situations where there are no procedures already established by law.	コア
Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.	コア
Advise attorneys, juries, litigants, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings.	コア
Research legal issues and write opinions on the issues.	コア
Write decisions on cases.	コア
Award compensation for damages to litigants in civil cases in relation to findings by juries or by the court.	コア
Settle disputes between opposing attorneys.	コア
Supervise other judges, court officers, and the court's administrative staff.	コア
Impose restrictions upon parties in civil cases until trials can be held.	コア
Issue arrest warrants.	コア
Conduct preliminary hearings to decide issues, such as whether there is reasonable and probable cause to hold defendants in felony cases.	補足
Rule on custody and access disputes, and enforce court orders regarding custody and support of children.	補足
Grant divorces and divide assets between spouses.	補足
Participate in judicial tribunals to help resolve disputes.	補足
Perform wedding ceremonies.	補足
Provide information regarding the judicial system or other legal issues through the media and public speeches.	補足

雇用見通し（BLS）

雇用者数、2025: 25K
雇用者数見通し、2035: 26K
変化率 (2025–35): +2.8%
年間賃金の中央値、2025: $153,990
入職時に通常必要な学歴: Doctoral or professional degree

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 の詳細職業825件の賃金中央値の範囲最高 $559,030

出典: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韓国職業分類との対応（KSCO）

AI Changing Work が作成した Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 現行版の対応です。関係の値は O*NET-SOC 職業の側から読みます。

KSCO コード	KSCO 名称	関係	状態
27111	판사	範囲が同じ	確定
13131	법률 관리자	関連（対応ではない）	確定

関係と状態の定義(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO（国際労働機関）の職業説明

以下のISCO-08職業群は、AI Changing Workが米国労働統計局（BLS）の発行するクロスウォーク（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）を個別の選択なしにそのまま適用して、この職業に結び付けたものです。結び付きは全体的な対応の場合も部分的な対応の場合もあります。

ISCO-08 2612Judges
裁判官

出典: 総務省「国際標準職業分類（ISCO）2008年改定版（仮訳）分類項目名一覧（和英対照）」— 原著：ILO ISCO-08 © International Labour Organization（日本語訳は総務省がILOの許可を得て作成）

原文を見る

以下の定義・作業・職業例は、この職業ではなく、当該ISCO-08職業群についてのILOによる説明です。

Judges preside over civil and criminal proceedings in courts of law.

作業

(a) presiding over trials and hearings;
(b) interpreting and enforcing rules of procedure and making rulings regarding the admissibility of evidence;
(c) determining the rights and obligations of the parties involved, and, in cases tried by jury;
(d) instructing the jury on points of law that are applicable to the case;
(e) weighing and considering evidence in non-jury trials and deciding legal guilt or innocence or degree of liability of the accused or defendant;
(f) passing sentence on persons convicted in criminal cases, determining damages or other appropriate remedy in civil cases and issuing court orders;
(g) researching legal issues and writing opinions on the issues.

職業例

Chief justice · Judge · Magistrate

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 職業語彙

以下の各項目は、公開されているESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（バージョン1、2022年）で、この職業と一つずつ対応付けられたものです。対応の種類はそのクロスウォークによるもので、表現はAI Changing Workによるものです。

judgeESCO 2612.1範囲が同じ
Judges preside over, review and handle court cases, hearings, appeals and trials. They ensure that court procedures conform to conventional legal processes and review evidence and juries. Judges preside over cases involving such areas as crime, family issues, civil law, small claims and juvenile offenses.
justice of the peaceESCO 2612.2この職業のほうが広い
Justices of the peace deal with small claims and disputes, and minor offences. They ensure the keeping of the peace within their jurisdiction, and provide mediation between disputing parties.
supreme court judgeESCO 2612.1.1この職業のほうが広い
Supreme court judges preside in high courts, dealing with complex criminal and civil cases. They examine the case during trials in order to formulate a sentence or to direct a jury in reaching a conclusion, and decide on any punishments if an offending party is found guilty. They rule proceedings and ensure the trial is held in a fair manner compliant with legislation.

出典: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

ライセンス: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

原文を見る

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

フランス職業分類との対応（ROME）

この職業と ROME 4.0 の職業票（fiche）との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。「暫定」と表示した対応は、同じモデル系列（Claude）の二人の判定者による判定のみ、またはその判定に運営者の規則を適用して採用したものであり、確定した対応より根拠が弱くなります。

ROME コード	ROME 名称（フランス語）	関係
K1904	Juge	範囲が同じ暫定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

スペイン職業分類との対応（CNO-11）

この職業と CNO-11 の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

CNO-11 コード	CNO-11 名称（スペイン語）	関係
2513	Jueces y magistrados	範囲が同じ
3711	Profesionales de apoyo de servicios jurídicos y servicios similares	関連（対応ではない）

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

ドイツ職業分類との対応（KldB）

この職業と KldB の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

KldB コード	KldB 名称（ドイツ語）	関係
73154	Richter/innen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	範囲が同じ暫定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本職業分類との対応（JSCO）

この職業と JSCO の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

JSCO コード	JSCO 名称（日本語）	関係
171	裁判官	範囲が同じ暫定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

この職業に関わる最近の変化

要約と関連の表示は AI Changing Work が作成・判断したものです。数値はリンク先の出典で確認してください。

関連2026年3月: Same paper assigns ATE 0.43 by 2027 in SF Bay Tier 1. 100% of legal occupations in scope cross moderate-risk threshold by 2027 in Tier 1; only 14.3% cross in Tier 3 (New York) by 2030.
[出典: arXiv 2604.00186 (Gupta & Kumar, 2026)]
直接関連2026年3月: ATE framework identifies judges among highest-risk occupations (ATE 0.43-0.47) for agentic AI displacement — AI systems increasingly capable of end-to-end legal reasoning workflows.
[出典: Gupta & Kumar (2026) Agentic AI and Occupational Displacement]

このページのデータの出典・ライセンスと AI Changing Work による改変・翻訳の告知：クレジットと出典