O*NET-SOC コード
35-1011.00

Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts.

  • データ出典: BLS公表時点: 2026-08

    中程度· 相対

    低い4段階の相対区分非常に高い

    職業群単位の値

    尺度・母数・出典

    4段階の相対区分(低い / 中程度 / 高い / 非常に高い)

    BLS雇用見通し表の詳細職業831件が母数。値は NEM(全国雇用マトリクス)コード単位で付与されるため、同じ NEM コードの職業は同じバンドになります

    出典データセット(XLSX ファイルのダウンロード)

  • データ出典: Anthropic公表時点: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000ここに掲載された値の範囲0.745
    尺度・母数・出典

    観測エクスポージャー指数、公開されたまま0–1

    O*NETタスクへの対応づけが基準

    SOC 2018の職業単位で公表された値で、同じSOC 2018コードを持つO*NET職業はすべてこの値になります

    出典データセット(CSV ファイルのダウンロード)

  • データ出典: ILO公表時点: 2025

    0.25

    0.09ここに掲載された値の範囲0.70

    職業群単位の値

    尺度・母数・出典

    生成AI露出度指数、公開されたまま0–1

    ISCO-08の細分類(4桁)単位で公表された値です。米国労働統計局(BLS)の公式対応表(ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC)を公表どおり適用してこの職業に結び付けており、対応は全部または一部です

    出典データセット(PDF ファイルのダウンロード)

この出典がどのような性格の値か

BLSの区分は絶対水準ではなく相対順位であり、一次測定でもありません。複数の既存研究が付けた職業別パーセンタイル順位を4段階にまとめた値です。雇用や賃金の予測でもなく、導入確率でもなく、自動化と増強を区別しません。

Task-level exposure

露出のある作業のみ

評価済みタスク 21 件 · β ≥ 0.5 のタスク 9 件(42.9%)

β = 直接的な露出(E1)+ 0.5 × ツール利用時の露出(E2)。原典リポジトリの定義に従います。

  • 原典の単位:O*NET 27.2 のタスク → O*NET 31.0 の職業コード
  • 評価済みタスクはすべて O*NET 31.0 のタスク一覧にあります。
出典
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版
gh-main-0471612
ライセンス
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Estimate amounts and costs of required supplies, such as food and ingredients.

35-1011.00

0.009529.3
Plan, direct, or supervise the food preparation or cooking activities of multiple kitchens or restaurants in an establishment such as a restaurant chain, hospital, or hotel.

35-1011.00

0.008124.9
Check the quality of raw or cooked food products to ensure that standards are met.

35-1011.00

0.003510.8
Coordinate planning, budgeting, or purchasing for all the food operations within establishments such as clubs, hotels, or restaurant chains.

35-1011.00

0.003510.8
Collaborate with other personnel to plan and develop recipes or menus, taking into account such factors as seasonal availability of ingredients or the likely number of customers.

35-1011.00

0.003410.4
Analyze recipes to assign prices to menu items, based on food, labor, and overhead costs.

35-1011.00

0.00257.6
Meet with customers to discuss menus for special occasions, such as weddings, parties, or banquets.

35-1011.00

0.00206.0
Not observed on any surface — 14 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Monitor sanitation practices to ensure that employees follow standards and regulations.
—0
Check the quantity and quality of received products.
—0
Order or requisition food or other supplies needed to ensure efficient operation.
—0
Supervise or coordinate activities of cooks or workers engaged in food preparation.
—0
Inspect supplies, equipment, or work areas to ensure conformance to established standards.
—0
Determine how food should be presented and create decorative food displays.
—0
Instruct cooks or other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing, or presentation of food.
—0
Prepare and cook foods of all types, either on a regular basis or for special guests or functions.
—0
Determine production schedules and staff requirements necessary to ensure timely delivery of services.
—0
Recruit and hire staff, such as cooks and other kitchen workers.
—0
Demonstrate new cooking techniques or equipment to staff.
—0
Meet with sales representatives to negotiate prices or order supplies.
—0
Arrange for equipment purchases or repairs.
—0
Record production or operational data on specified forms.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件(21件)

この職業の O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件(英語原文、種別はコア・補足)。露出値はこの一覧には載せず、上の表で各出典が用いた O*NET 版の文言の横にあります。

タスク(O*NET 31.0)種類
Check the quality of raw or cooked food products to ensure that standards are met.コア
Monitor sanitation practices to ensure that employees follow standards and regulations.コア
Check the quantity and quality of received products.コア
Order or requisition food or other supplies needed to ensure efficient operation.コア
Supervise or coordinate activities of cooks or workers engaged in food preparation.コア
Inspect supplies, equipment, or work areas to ensure conformance to established standards.コア
Determine how food should be presented and create decorative food displays.コア
Instruct cooks or other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing, or presentation of food.コア
Estimate amounts and costs of required supplies, such as food and ingredients.コア
Collaborate with other personnel to plan and develop recipes or menus, taking into account such factors as seasonal availability of ingredients or the likely number of customers.コア
Analyze recipes to assign prices to menu items, based on food, labor, and overhead costs.コア
Prepare and cook foods of all types, either on a regular basis or for special guests or functions.コア
Determine production schedules and staff requirements necessary to ensure timely delivery of services.コア
Recruit and hire staff, such as cooks and other kitchen workers.コア
Meet with customers to discuss menus for special occasions, such as weddings, parties, or banquets.コア
Demonstrate new cooking techniques or equipment to staff.コア
Meet with sales representatives to negotiate prices or order supplies.コア
Arrange for equipment purchases or repairs.コア
Record production or operational data on specified forms.コア
Plan, direct, or supervise food preparation or cooking activities of multiple kitchens or restaurants in an establishment such as a restaurant chain, hospital, or hotel.コア
Coordinate planning, budgeting, or purchasing for all the food operations within establishments such as clubs, hotels, or restaurant chains.コア

職業情報

雇用見通し(BLS)

雇用者数、2025
220K
雇用者数見通し、2035
235K
変化率 (2025–35)
+6.6%
年間賃金の中央値、2025
$62,470
入職時に通常必要な学歴
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 の詳細職業825件の賃金中央値の範囲最高 $559,030

出典: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韓国職業分類との対応(KSCO)

AI Changing Work が作成した Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 現行版の対応です。関係の値は O*NET-SOC 職業の側から読みます。

KSCO コードKSCO 名称関係状態
29701주방장範囲が同じ確定
29702요리 연구가重なるが同じではない確定
29709그 외 식문화 관련 전문가関連(対応ではない)検収承認

関係と状態の定義(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO(国際労働機関)の職業説明

以下のISCO-08職業群は、AI Changing Workが米国労働統計局(BLS)の発行するクロスウォーク(2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08)を個別の選択なしにそのまま適用して、この職業に結び付けたものです。結び付きは全体的な対応の場合も部分的な対応の場合もあります。

  • ISCO-08 3434Chefs

    料理人

出典: 総務省「国際標準職業分類(ISCO)2008年改定版(仮訳)分類項目名一覧(和英対照)」— 原著:ILO ISCO-08 © International Labour Organization(日本語訳は総務省がILOの許可を得て作成)

原文を見る

以下の定義・作業・職業例は、この職業ではなく、当該ISCO-08職業群についてのILOによる説明です。

Chefs design menus, create dishes and oversee the planning, organization preparation and cooking of meals in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households.

作業

  • (a) planning and developing recipes and menus, estimating food and labour costs, and ordering food supplies;
  • (b) monitoring quality of dishes at all stages of preparation and presentation;
  • (c) discussing food preparation issues with managers, dieticians, kitchen and waiting staff;
  • (d) supervising and coordinating the activities of cooks and other workers engaged in food preparation;
  • (e) inspecting supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure conformity to established standards;
  • (f) determining how food should be presented, and creating decorative food displays.
  • (g) instructing cooks and other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing and presentation of food;
  • (h) participating on the recruitment of kitchen staff and monitoring their performance;
  • (i) preparing, seasoning and cooking speciality foods and complex dishes;
  • (j) explaining and enforcing hygiene and food safety regulations.

職業例

Chef · Executive chef · Head chef · Pastry chef · Saucier · Sous-chef

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 職業語彙

以下の各項目は、公開されているESCO-O*NET Crosswalk(バージョン1、2022年)で、この職業と一つずつ対応付けられたものです。対応の種類はそのクロスウォークによるもので、表現はAI Changing Workによるものです。

  • head chefESCO 3434.1.1範囲が同じ

    Head chefs manage the kitchen to oversee the preparation, cooking and service of food.

  • chefESCO 3434.1この職業のほうが広い

    Chefs are culinary professionals with a flair for creativity and innovation to provide a unique gastronomic experience.

  • cookESCO 5120.1この職業のほうが広い

    cooks are culinary operatives who are able to prepare and present food, normally in domestic and institutional environments.

  • diet cookESCO 5120.1.1この職業のほうが広い

    Diet cooks prepare and present meals according to special dietary or nutrition needs.

  • fish cookESCO 5120.1.2この職業のほうが広い

    Fish cooks are responsible for preparing and presenting fish dishes using a variety of techniques. They may also prepare the accompanying sauces and purchase fresh fish for these dishes.

  • grill cookESCO 5120.1.3この職業のほうが広い

    Grill cooks prepare and present meat, vegetables and fish using grill equipment such as grills and rotisseries.

  • industrial cookESCO 5120.1.4この職業のほうが広い

    Industrial cooks create new food designs and recipes. They prepare, measure and mix ingredients to prepare foodstuff products. They control and regulate temperatures, monitor cooking process, assign specific baking tasks, and direct workers in task performance.

  • private chefESCO 3434.1.3重なるが同じではない

    Private chefs comply with food and sanitation rules to prepare meals for their employers. They take into consideration the employer’s intolerances to specific ingredients or their preferences and cook the meals in the employer's home. Private chefs may also be asked to organise small dinner parties or other types of celebrations for special occasions.

出典: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

ライセンス: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

原文を見る

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

フランス職業分類との対応(ROME)

この職業と ROME 4.0 の職業票(fiche)との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。「暫定」と表示した対応は、同じモデル系列(Claude)の二人の判定者による判定のみ、またはその判定に運営者の規則を適用して採用したものであり、確定した対応より根拠が弱くなります。

ROME コードROME 名称(フランス語)関係
G1601Chef / Cheffe de cuisine範囲が同じ暫定
D1117Chef pâtissier / Cheffe pâtissièreこの職業のほうが広い暫定
D1112Chef charcutier-traiteur / Cheffe charcutière-traiteuse関連(対応ではない)暫定
G1609Cuisinier / Cuisinière関連(対応ではない)暫定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

スペイン職業分類との対応(CNO-11)

この職業と CNO-11 の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

CNO-11 コードCNO-11 名称(スペイン語)関係
3734Chefs範囲が同じ
5110Cocineros asalariadosこの職業のほうが広い暫定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

ドイツ職業分類との対応(KldB)

この職業と KldB の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

KldB コードKldB 名称(ドイツ語)関係
29393Aufsichtskräfte - Speisenzubereitung範囲が同じ暫定
29394Führungskräfte - Speisenzubereitungこの職業のほうが広い暫定
29302Köche/Köchinnen (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten関連(対応ではない)暫定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本職業分類との対応(JSCO)

この職業と JSCO の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。

JSCO コードJSCO 名称(日本語)関係
391調理人この職業のほうが狭い暫定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

このページのデータの出典・ライセンスと AI Changing Work による改変・翻訳の告知:クレジットと出典