Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations- O*NET-SOC コード
- 37-3011.00
Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units.
- データ出典: BLS公表時点: 2026-08
低い· 相対
低い4段階の相対区分非常に高い職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
4段階の相対区分(低い / 中程度 / 高い / 非常に高い)
BLS雇用見通し表の詳細職業831件が母数。値は NEM(全国雇用マトリクス)コード単位で付与されるため、同じ NEM コードの職業は同じバンドになります
- データ出典: Anthropic公表時点: 2026-03
0.000
0.000ここに掲載された値の範囲0.745尺度・母数・出典
観測エクスポージャー指数、公開されたまま0–1
O*NETタスクへの対応づけが基準
SOC 2018の職業単位で公表された値で、同じSOC 2018コードを持つO*NET職業はすべてこの値になります
- データ出典: ILO公表時点: 2025
0.12
0.09ここに掲載された値の範囲0.70職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
生成AI露出度指数、公開されたまま0–1
ISCO-08の細分類(4桁)単位で公表された値です。米国労働統計局(BLS)の公式対応表(ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC)を公表どおり適用してこの職業に結び付けており、対応は全部または一部です
この出典がどのような性格の値か
BLSの区分は絶対水準ではなく相対順位であり、一次測定でもありません。複数の既存研究が付けた職業別パーセンタイル順位を4段階にまとめた値です。雇用や賃金の予測でもなく、導入確率でもなく、自動化と増強を区別しません。
Task-level exposure
露出のある作業のみ評価済みタスク 27 件 · β ≥ 0.5 のタスク 2 件(7.4%)
β = 直接的な露出(E1)+ 0.5 × ツール利用時の露出(E2)。原典リポジトリの定義に従います。
- 原典の単位:O*NET 27.2 のタスク → O*NET 31.0 の職業コード
- 評価済みタスクのうち 8 件は O*NET 31.0 のタスク一覧になく、O*NET 27.2 基準で公表されたスコアをそのまま残しています。
- 出典
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版
- gh-main-0471612
- ライセンス
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Advise customers on plant selection or care.37-3011.00 | 0.0145100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 26 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers. | —0 |
Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls. | —0 |
Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes. | —0 |
Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws. | —0 |
Gather and remove litter. | —0 |
Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders. | —0 |
Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans. | —0 |
Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds. | —0 |
Rake, mulch, and compost leaves. | —0 |
Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage. | —0 |
Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools. | —0 |
Decorate gardens with stones or plants. | —0 |
Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes. | —0 |
Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chain-saws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws. | —0 |
Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots and spread salt in those areas. | —0 |
Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools. | —0 |
Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features. | —0 |
Maintain irrigation systems, including winterizing the systems and starting them up in spring. | —0 |
Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses used on the fields. | —0 |
Use irrigation methods to adjust the amount of water consumption and to prevent waste. | —0 |
Haul or spread topsoil or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place. | —0 |
Care for artificial turf fields, periodically removing the turf and replacing cushioning pads or vacuuming and disinfecting the turf after use to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. | —0 |
Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens. | —0 |
Install rock gardens, ponds, decks, drainage systems, irrigation systems, retaining walls, fences, planters, or playground equipment. | —0 |
Mark design boundaries and paint natural or artificial turf fields with team logos or names before events. | —0 |
Build forms and mix and pour cement to form garden borders. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Advise customers on plant selection or care.O*NET Task ID 9608 | 0.5 |
Mark design boundaries, and paint natural or artificial turf fields with team logos or names before events.O*NET Task ID 9613 | 0.5 |
Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers.O*NET Task ID 9589 | 0.0 |
Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots, and spread salt in those areas.O*NET Task ID 9590 | 0.0 |
Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls.O*NET Task ID 9591 | 0.0 |
Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes.O*NET Task ID 9592 | 0.0 |
Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws.O*NET Task ID 9593 | 0.0 |
Gather and remove litter.O*NET Task ID 9594 | 0.0 |
Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools.O*NET Task ID 9595 | 0.0 |
Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders.O*NET Task ID 9596 | 0.0 |
Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features.O*NET Task ID 9597 | 0.0 |
Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans.O*NET Task ID 9598 | 0.0 |
Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds.O*NET Task ID 9599 | 0.0 |
Rake, mulch, and compost leaves.O*NET Task ID 9600 | 0.0 |
Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage.O*NET Task ID 9601 | 0.0 |
Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs, and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools.O*NET Task ID 9602 | 0.0 |
Decorate gardens with stones or plants.O*NET Task ID 9603 | 0.0 |
Maintain irrigation systems, including winterizing the systems and starting them up in spring.O*NET Task ID 9604 | 0.0 |
Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses.O*NET Task ID 9605 | 0.0 |
Use irrigation methods to adjust the amount of water consumption and to prevent waste.O*NET Task ID 9606 | 0.0 |
Haul or spread topsoil, or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place.O*NET Task ID 9607 | 0.0 |
Care for artificial turf fields, periodically removing the turf and replacing cushioning pads or vacuuming and disinfecting the turf after use to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.O*NET Task ID 9609 | 0.0 |
Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens.O*NET Task ID 9610 | 0.0 |
Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes.O*NET Task ID 9611 | 0.0 |
Install rock gardens, ponds, decks, drainage systems, irrigation systems, retaining walls, fences, planters, or playground equipment.O*NET Task ID 9612 | 0.0 |
Build forms and mix and pour cement to form garden borders.O*NET Task ID 9614 | 0.0 |
Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chainsaws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws.O*NET Task ID 20761 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件(19件)
この職業の O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件(英語原文、種別はコア・補足)。露出値はこの一覧には載せず、上の表で各出典が用いた O*NET 版の文言の横にあります。
| タスク(O*NET 31.0) | 種類 |
|---|---|
| Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers. | コア |
| Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes. | コア |
| Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws. | コア |
| Gather and remove litter. | コア |
| Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds. | コア |
| Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chainsaws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws. | コア |
| Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots, and spread salt in those areas. | 補足 |
| Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls. | 補足 |
| Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools. | 補足 |
| Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders. | 補足 |
| Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features. | 補足 |
| Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans. | 補足 |
| Rake, mulch, and compost leaves. | 補足 |
| Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage. | 補足 |
| Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs, and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools. | 補足 |
| Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses. | 補足 |
| Haul or spread topsoil, or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place. | 補足 |
| Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens. | 補足 |
| Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes. | 補足 |
1.26/ 3· ロボット露出指数
尺度・母数・出典
身体的なタスクそれぞれに、実際に導入・販売・実演されたロボットがこなせる環境に応じて 0–3 の等級を付け(0 不可 · 1 フェンスで囲われた機械セルや瓶詰めラインのようなロボット専用設備 · 2 病院の薬剤部やコンテナ港のような管理された施設 · 3 一般家庭や建設現場のような非定型の環境)、勤務時間に占める割合で平均した値
この職業の O*NET 29.3 タスクのうち身体的なタスクが対象
等級と時間の割合は Anthropic が Claude Opus 5(ウェブ検索)で推定しました(2026年時点)。
ロボット露出指数は、このサイトの AI 露出度とは別の指標であり、足し合わせたり比べたりすることはできません。実際の導入やコスト競争力を示すものではなく、0 には身体的なタスクのない職業も含まれます。
身体的なタスクごとの等級
ロボット環境等級(E0–E3)
E0 ロボット不可詳細
実際に導入・販売・実演されたロボットでは、ロボット専用設備でもこなせないと評価
E1 ロボット専用設備詳細
フェンスで囲われた機械セルや瓶詰めラインのように、機械を中心に作られた設備でこなせると評価
E2 管理された施設詳細
病院の薬剤部やコンテナ港のように、機関が作業基準を保っている人の作業施設でこなせると評価
E3 非定型の環境詳細
一般家庭や建設現場のように、作業基準を保つ機関がない環境でこなせると評価
身体的なタスクに分類されたタスクのみを掲載しています。その他のタスクには出典で等級がないため載せていません。
| タスク(O*NET 29.3) | ロボット環境等級 |
|---|---|
| Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Gather and remove litter. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Rake, mulch, and compost leaves. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs, and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Decorate gardens with stones or plants. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chainsaws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots, and spread salt in those areas. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Maintain irrigation systems, including winterizing the systems and starting them up in spring. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Use irrigation methods to adjust the amount of water consumption and to prevent waste. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Haul or spread topsoil, or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Care for artificial turf fields, periodically removing the turf and replacing cushioning pads or vacuuming and disinfecting the turf after use to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Install rock gardens, ponds, decks, drainage systems, irrigation systems, retaining walls, fences, planters, or playground equipment. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Build forms and mix and pour cement to form garden borders. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
職業情報
雇用見通し(BLS)
- 雇用者数、2025
- 1.2M
- 雇用者数見通し、2035
- 1.2M
- 変化率 (2025–35)
- +4.7%
- 年間賃金の中央値、2025
- $39,150
- 入職時に通常必要な学歴
- No formal educational credential
韓国職業分類との対応(KSCO)
AI Changing Work が作成した Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 現行版の対応です。関係の値は O*NET-SOC 職業の側から読みます。
| KSCO コード | KSCO 名称 | 関係 | 状態 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61220 | 조경원 | 範囲が同じ | 確定 |
| 61212 | 화훼작물 재배원 | 関連(対応ではない) | 確定 |
関係と状態の定義(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO(国際労働機関)の職業説明
以下のISCO-08職業群は、AI Changing Workが米国労働統計局(BLS)の発行するクロスウォーク(2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08)を個別の選択なしにそのまま適用して、この職業に結び付けたものです。結び付きは全体的な対応の場合も部分的な対応の場合もあります。
- ISCO-08 9214Garden and Horticultural Labourers
庭師、園芸作業者
出典: 総務省「国際標準職業分類(ISCO)2008年改定版(仮訳)分類項目名一覧(和英対照)」— 原著:ILO ISCO-08 © International Labour Organization(日本語訳は総務省がILOの許可を得て作成)
以下の定義・作業・職業例は、この職業ではなく、当該ISCO-08職業群についてのILOによる説明です。
Garden and horticultural labourers perform simple and routine tasks in operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, to produce saplings, bulbs and seeds, or grow vegetables and flowers by intensive cultivation techniques.
作業
- (a) loading, unloading and moving supplies, produce and equipment;
- (b) preparing garden sites and plots using hand tools and simple machines;
- (c) assisting with planting and transplanting flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns;
- (d) maintaining gardens by watering, weeding and mowing lawns;
- (e) cleaning gardens and removing rubbish;
- (f) assisting with propagating, planting and potting seeds, bulbs and cuttings;
- (g) tending plants by hand watering and weeding;
- (h) harvesting and packaging plants for sale and transport;
- (i) performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment and fences.
職業例
Garden labourer · Horticultural labourer · Lawn mower · Nursery labourer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 職業語彙
以下の各項目は、公開されているESCO-O*NET Crosswalk(バージョン1、2022年)で、この職業と一つずつ対応付けられたものです。対応の種類はそのクロスウォークによるもので、表現はAI Changing Workによるものです。
- groundsman/groundswomanESCO 6113.1範囲が同じ
Groundsmen/groundswomen provide landscape and lawn services and maintain grounds for private households, commercial and public facilities, schools, hotels, botanical gardens, golf courses, parks and athletic fields.\
- garden labourerESCO 9214.1この職業のほうが広い
Garden labourers perform simple tasks in cultivating and maintaining flowers, trees and shrubs. This work can take place in either parks or private gardens.
- landscape gardenerESCO 6113.6この職業のほうが広い
Landscape gardeners plan, construct, renovate and maintain parks, gardens and public green spaces.
- curator of horticultureESCO 2131.4.6.1重なるが同じではない
Curators of horticulture develop and maintain the botanical collections, exhibits and landscapes of a botanical garden.
- horticulture workerESCO 6113.4重なるが同じではない
Horticulture workers carry out practical activities and assist in nurseries or greenhouses for the production of horticultural crops.
- land-based machinery operatorESCO 8341.2重なるが同じではない
Land-based machinery operators operate specialised equipment and machinery for agricultural production and maintenance of landscape.
出典: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ライセンス: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
フランス職業分類との対応(ROME)
この職業と ROME 4.0 の職業票(fiche)との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。「暫定」と表示した対応は、同じモデル系列(Claude)の二人の判定者による判定のみ、またはその判定に運営者の規則を適用して採用したものであり、確定した対応より根拠が弱くなります。
| ROME コード | ROME 名称(フランス語) | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| A1203 | Agent / Agente d'entretien des espaces verts | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| A1208 | Jardinier / Jardinière paysagiste | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| A1220 | Jardinier / Jardinière paysagiste en terrain de sport | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| K2314 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance de systèmes d'irrigation | 関連(対応ではない) |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
スペイン職業分類との対応(CNO-11)
この職業と CNO-11 の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| CNO-11 コード | CNO-11 名称(スペイン語) | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 6120 | Trabajadores cualificados en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines | 重なるが同じではない |
| 9512 | Peones agrícolas en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines | 重なるが同じではない |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
ドイツ職業分類との対応(KldB)
この職業と KldB の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| KldB コード | KldB 名称(ドイツ語) | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 12101 | Berufe im Gartenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | この職業のほうが広い |
| 12142 | Berufe im Garten-, Landschafts- und Sportplatzbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | この職業のほうが広い |
| 12132 | Berufe in der Friedhofsgärtnerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| 12102 | Berufe im Gartenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 関連(対応ではない)暫定 |
| 34112 | Platz- und Gerätewarte/-wartinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 関連(対応ではない)暫定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本職業分類との対応(JSCO)
この職業と JSCO の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| JSCO コード | JSCO 名称(日本語) | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 463 | 植木職,造園師 | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| 713 | 道路・公園清掃員 | 関連(対応ではない)暫定 |
| 739 | その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者 | 関連(対応ではない)暫定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
このページのデータの出典・ライセンスと AI Changing Work による改変・翻訳の告知:クレジットと出典