Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC コード
- 51-9151.00
Perform work involved in developing and processing photographic images from film or digital media. May perform precision tasks such as editing photographic negatives and prints.
- データ出典: BLS公表時点: 2026-08
中程度· 相対
低い4段階の相対区分非常に高い職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
4段階の相対区分（低い / 中程度 / 高い / 非常に高い）
BLS雇用見通し表の詳細職業831件が母数。値は NEM(全国雇用マトリクス)コード単位で付与されるため、同じ NEM コードの職業は同じバンドになります
- データ出典: Anthropic公表時点: 2026-03
0.011
0.000ここに掲載された値の範囲0.745尺度・母数・出典
観測エクスポージャー指数、公開されたまま0–1
O*NETタスクへの対応づけが基準
SOC 2018の職業単位で公表された値で、同じSOC 2018コードを持つO*NET職業はすべてこの値になります
- データ出典: ILO公表時点: 2025
0.27
0.09ここに掲載された値の範囲0.70職業群単位の値
尺度・母数・出典
生成AI露出度指数、公開されたまま0–1
ISCO-08の細分類（4桁）単位で公表された値です。米国労働統計局（BLS）の公式対応表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）を公表どおり適用してこの職業に結び付けており、対応は全部または一部です
この出典がどのような性格の値か
BLSの区分は絶対水準ではなく相対順位であり、一次測定でもありません。複数の既存研究が付けた職業別パーセンタイル順位を4段階にまとめた値です。雇用や賃金の予測でもなく、導入確率でもなく、自動化と増強を区別しません。
Task-level exposure
露出のある作業のみ評価済みタスク 32 件 · β ≥ 0.5 のタスク 23 件（71.9%）
β = 直接的な露出（E1）+ 0.5 × ツール利用時の露出（E2）。原典リポジトリの定義に従います。
- 原典の単位：O*NET 27.2 のタスク → O*NET 31.0 の職業コード
- 評価済みタスクのうち 5 件は O*NET 31.0 のタスク一覧になく、O*NET 27.2 基準で公表されたスコアをそのまま残しています。
- 出典
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版
- gh-main-0471612
- ライセンス
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Examine drawings, negatives, or photographic prints to determine coloring, shading, accenting, or other changes required for retouching or restoration.51-9151.00 | 0.0145100.0 | 0.0031100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 35 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Create prints according to customer specifications and laboratory protocols. | —0 | —0 |
Examine developed prints for defects, such as broken lines, spots, or blurs. | —0 | —0 |
Fill tanks of processing machines with solutions such as developer, dyes, stop-baths, fixers, bleaches, or washes. | —0 | —0 |
Immerse film, negatives, paper, or prints in developing solutions, fixing solutions, and water to complete photographic development processes. | —0 | —0 |
Insert processed negatives and prints into envelopes for delivery to customers. | —0 | —0 |
Load circuit boards, racks or rolls of film, negatives, or printing paper into processing or printing machines. | —0 | —0 |
Load digital images onto computers directly from cameras or from storage devices, such as flash memory cards or universal serial bus (USB) devices. | —0 | —0 |
Maintain records, such as quantities or types of processing completed, materials used, or customer charges. | —0 | —0 |
Measure and mix chemicals to prepare solutions for processing, according to formulas. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor equipment operation to detect malfunctions. | —0 | —0 |
Operate machines to prepare circuit boards and to expose, develop, etch, fix, wash, dry, or print film or plates. | —0 | —0 |
Operate scanners or related computer equipment to digitize negatives, photographic prints, or other images. | —0 | —0 |
Operate special equipment to perform tasks such as transferring film to videotape or producing photographic enlargements. | —0 | —0 |
Place sensitized paper in frames of projection printers, photostats, or other reproduction machines. | —0 | —0 |
Produce color or black-and-white photographs, negatives, or slides, applying standard photographic reproduction techniques and procedures. | —0 | —0 |
Read work orders to determine required processes, techniques, materials, or equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Reprint originals for enlargement or in sections to be pieced together. | —0 | —0 |
Retouch photographic negatives or original prints to correct defects. | —0 | —0 |
Review computer-processed digital images for quality. | —0 | —0 |
Select digital images for printing, specify number of images to be printed, and direct to printer, using computer software. | —0 | —0 |
Set automatic timers, lens openings, and printer carriages to specified focus and exposure times and start exposure to duplicate originals, photographs, or negatives. | —0 | —0 |
Set or adjust machine controls, according to specifications, type of operation, or material requirements. | —0 | —0 |
Apply paint, using airbrushes, pens, artists' brushes, cotton swabs, or gloved fingers to retouch or enhance negatives or photographs. | —0 | —0 |
Clean or maintain photoprocessing or darkroom equipment, using ultrasonic equipment or cleaning and rinsing solutions. | —0 | —0 |
Color photographs to produce natural, lifelike appearances, using oil colors and airbrushes. | —0 | —0 |
Dry prints or negatives using sponges, squeegees, mechanical air dryers, or drying cabinets. | —0 | —0 |
Examine quality of film fades or dissolves for potential color corrections, using color analyzers. | —0 | —0 |
Expose filmstrips to progressively timed lights to compare effects of various exposure times. | —0 | —0 |
Ink borders or lettering on illustrations using pens, brushes, or drafting instruments. | —0 | —0 |
Mount original photographs, negatives, or other printed material in holders or vacuum frames beneath lights. | —0 | —0 |
Produce timed prints with separate densities or color settings for each scene of a production. | —0 | —0 |
Shade negatives or photographs with pencils to smooth facial contours, soften highlights, or conceal blemishes, stray hairs, or wrinkles. | —0 | —0 |
Splice broken or separated film and mount film on reels. | —0 | —0 |
Thread filmstrips through densitometers or sensitometers and expose film to light to determine density of film, necessary color corrections, or light sensitivity. | —0 | —0 |
Upload digital images onto Web sites for customers. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain records, such as quantities or types of processing completed, materials used, or customer charges.O*NET Task ID 19472 | 1.0 |
Read work orders to determine required processes, techniques, materials, or equipment.O*NET Task ID 19480 | 1.0 |
Create prints according to customer specifications and laboratory protocols.O*NET Task ID 19465 | 0.5 |
Examine developed prints for defects, such as broken lines, spots, or blurs.O*NET Task ID 19466 | 0.5 |
Load digital images onto computers directly from cameras or from storage devices, such as flash memory cards or universal serial bus (USB) devices.O*NET Task ID 19471 | 0.5 |
Operate machines to prepare circuit boards and to expose, develop, etch, fix, wash, dry, or print film or plates.O*NET Task ID 19475 | 0.5 |
Operate scanners or related computer equipment to digitize negatives, photographic prints, or other images.O*NET Task ID 19476 | 0.5 |
Operate special equipment to perform tasks such as transferring film to videotape or producing photographic enlargements.O*NET Task ID 19477 | 0.5 |
Place sensitized paper in frames of projection printers, photostats, or other reproduction machines.O*NET Task ID 19478 | 0.5 |
Produce color or black-and-white photographs, negatives, or slides, applying standard photographic reproduction techniques and procedures.O*NET Task ID 19479 | 0.5 |
Reprint originals for enlargement or in sections to be pieced together.O*NET Task ID 19481 | 0.5 |
Retouch photographic negatives or original prints to correct defects.O*NET Task ID 19482 | 0.5 |
Review computer-processed digital images for quality.O*NET Task ID 19483 | 0.5 |
Select digital images for printing, specify number of images to be printed, and direct to printer, using computer software.O*NET Task ID 19484 | 0.5 |
Set automatic timers, lens openings, and printer carriages to specified focus and exposure times and start exposure to duplicate originals, photographs, or negatives.O*NET Task ID 19485 | 0.5 |
Apply paint, using airbrushes, pens, artists' brushes, cotton swabs, or gloved fingers to retouch or enhance negatives or photographs.O*NET Task ID 19487 | 0.5 |
Examine drawings, negatives, or photographic prints to determine coloring, shading, accenting, or other changes required for retouching or restoration.O*NET Task ID 19491 | 0.5 |
Examine quality of film fades or dissolves for potential color corrections, using color analyzers.O*NET Task ID 19492 | 0.5 |
Produce timed prints with separate densities or color settings for each scene of a production.O*NET Task ID 19496 | 0.5 |
Shade negatives or photographs with pencils to smooth facial contours, soften highlights, or conceal blemishes, stray hairs, or wrinkles.O*NET Task ID 19497 | 0.5 |
Splice broken or separated film and mount film on reels.O*NET Task ID 19498 | 0.5 |
Thread filmstrips through densitometers or sensitometers and expose film to light to determine density of film, necessary color corrections, or light sensitivity.O*NET Task ID 19499 | 0.5 |
Upload digital images onto Web sites for customers.O*NET Task ID 19500 | 0.5 |
Fill tanks of processing machines with solutions such as developer, dyes, stop-baths, fixers, bleaches, or washes.O*NET Task ID 19467 | 0.0 |
Immerse film, negatives, paper, or prints in developing solutions, fixing solutions, and water to complete photographic development processes.O*NET Task ID 19468 | 0.0 |
Insert processed negatives and prints into envelopes for delivery to customers.O*NET Task ID 19469 | 0.0 |
Load circuit boards, racks or rolls of film, negatives, or printing paper into processing or printing machines.O*NET Task ID 19470 | 0.0 |
Measure and mix chemicals to prepare solutions for processing, according to formulas.O*NET Task ID 19473 | 0.0 |
Monitor equipment operation to detect malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 19474 | 0.0 |
Set or adjust machine controls, according to specifications, type of operation, or material requirements.O*NET Task ID 19486 | 0.0 |
Clean or maintain photoprocessing or darkroom equipment, using ultrasonic equipment or cleaning and rinsing solutions.O*NET Task ID 19488 | 0.0 |
Dry prints or negatives using sponges, squeegees, mechanical air dryers, or drying cabinets.O*NET Task ID 19490 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件（27件）
この職業の O*NET 31.0 のタスク全件（英語原文、種別はコア・補足）。露出値はこの一覧には載せず、上の表で各出典が用いた O*NET 版の文言の横にあります。
| タスク（O*NET 31.0） | 種類 |
|---|---|
| Create prints according to customer specifications and laboratory protocols. | コア |
| Examine developed prints for defects, such as broken lines, spots, or blurs. | コア |
| Fill tanks of processing machines with solutions such as developer, dyes, stop-baths, fixers, bleaches, or washes. | コア |
| Insert processed negatives and prints into envelopes for delivery to customers. | コア |
| Load circuit boards, racks or rolls of film, negatives, or printing paper into processing or printing machines. | コア |
| Load digital images onto computers directly from cameras or from storage devices, such as flash memory cards or universal serial bus (USB) devices. | コア |
| Maintain records, such as quantities or types of processing completed, materials used, or customer charges. | コア |
| Measure and mix chemicals to prepare solutions for processing, according to formulas. | コア |
| Monitor equipment operation to detect malfunctions. | コア |
| Operate scanners or related computer equipment to digitize negatives, photographic prints, or other images. | コア |
| Operate special equipment to perform tasks such as transferring film to videotape or producing photographic enlargements. | コア |
| Produce color or black-and-white photographs, negatives, or slides, applying standard photographic reproduction techniques and procedures. | コア |
| Read work orders to determine required processes, techniques, materials, or equipment. | コア |
| Reprint originals for enlargement or in sections to be pieced together. | コア |
| Review computer-processed digital images for quality. | コア |
| Select digital images for printing, specify number of images to be printed, and direct to printer, using computer software. | コア |
| Set or adjust machine controls, according to specifications, type of operation, or material requirements. | コア |
| Clean or maintain photoprocessing or darkroom equipment, using ultrasonic equipment or cleaning and rinsing solutions. | コア |
| Immerse film, negatives, paper, or prints in developing solutions, fixing solutions, and water to complete photographic development processes. | 補足 |
| Place sensitized paper in frames of projection printers, photostats, or other reproduction machines. | 補足 |
| Retouch photographic negatives or original prints to correct defects. | 補足 |
| Examine drawings, negatives, or photographic prints to determine coloring, shading, accenting, or other changes required for retouching or restoration. | 補足 |
| Examine quality of film fades or dissolves for potential color corrections, using color analyzers. | 補足 |
| Produce timed prints with separate densities or color settings for each scene of a production. | 補足 |
| Splice broken or separated film and mount film on reels. | 補足 |
| Thread filmstrips through densitometers or sensitometers and expose film to light to determine density of film, necessary color corrections, or light sensitivity. | 補足 |
| Upload digital images onto Web sites for customers. | 補足 |
0.94/ 3· ロボット露出指数
尺度・母数・出典
身体的なタスクそれぞれに、実際に導入・販売・実演されたロボットがこなせる環境に応じて 0–3 の等級を付け（0 不可 · 1 フェンスで囲われた機械セルや瓶詰めラインのようなロボット専用設備 · 2 病院の薬剤部やコンテナ港のような管理された施設 · 3 一般家庭や建設現場のような非定型の環境）、勤務時間に占める割合で平均した値
この職業の O*NET 29.3 タスクのうち身体的なタスクが対象
等級と時間の割合は Anthropic が Claude Opus 5（ウェブ検索）で推定しました（2026年時点）。
ロボット露出指数は、このサイトの AI 露出度とは別の指標であり、足し合わせたり比べたりすることはできません。実際の導入やコスト競争力を示すものではなく、0 には身体的なタスクのない職業も含まれます。
身体的なタスクごとの等級
ロボット環境等級（E0–E3）
E0 ロボット不可詳細
実際に導入・販売・実演されたロボットでは、ロボット専用設備でもこなせないと評価
E1 ロボット専用設備詳細
フェンスで囲われた機械セルや瓶詰めラインのように、機械を中心に作られた設備でこなせると評価
E2 管理された施設詳細
病院の薬剤部やコンテナ港のように、機関が作業基準を保っている人の作業施設でこなせると評価
E3 非定型の環境詳細
一般家庭や建設現場のように、作業基準を保つ機関がない環境でこなせると評価
身体的なタスクに分類されたタスクのみを掲載しています。その他のタスクには出典で等級がないため載せていません。
| タスク（O*NET 29.3） | ロボット環境等級 |
|---|---|
| Create prints according to customer specifications and laboratory protocols. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Examine developed prints for defects, such as broken lines, spots, or blurs. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Fill tanks of processing machines with solutions such as developer, dyes, stop-baths, fixers, bleaches, or washes. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Insert processed negatives and prints into envelopes for delivery to customers. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Load circuit boards, racks or rolls of film, negatives, or printing paper into processing or printing machines. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Load digital images onto computers directly from cameras or from storage devices, such as flash memory cards or universal serial bus (USB) devices. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Measure and mix chemicals to prepare solutions for processing, according to formulas. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Monitor equipment operation to detect malfunctions. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Operate scanners or related computer equipment to digitize negatives, photographic prints, or other images. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Operate special equipment to perform tasks such as transferring film to videotape or producing photographic enlargements. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Produce color or black-and-white photographs, negatives, or slides, applying standard photographic reproduction techniques and procedures. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Reprint originals for enlargement or in sections to be pieced together. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Set or adjust machine controls, according to specifications, type of operation, or material requirements. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Clean or maintain photoprocessing or darkroom equipment, using ultrasonic equipment or cleaning and rinsing solutions. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Immerse film, negatives, paper, or prints in developing solutions, fixing solutions, and water to complete photographic development processes. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Place sensitized paper in frames of projection printers, photostats, or other reproduction machines. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Retouch photographic negatives or original prints to correct defects. | E0 ロボット不可 |
| Examine quality of film fades or dissolves for potential color corrections, using color analyzers. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Produce timed prints with separate densities or color settings for each scene of a production. | E2 管理された施設 |
| Splice broken or separated film and mount film on reels. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
| Thread filmstrips through densitometers or sensitometers and expose film to light to determine density of film, necessary color corrections, or light sensitivity. | E1 ロボット専用設備 |
職業情報
雇用見通し（BLS）
- 雇用者数、2025
- 5K
- 雇用者数見通し、2035
- 5K
- 変化率 (2025–35)
- -5.6%
- 年間賃金の中央値、2025
- $40,610
- 入職時に通常必要な学歴
- High school diploma or equivalent
韓国職業分類との対応（KSCO）
AI Changing Work が作成した Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 現行版の対応です。関係の値は O*NET-SOC 職業の側から読みます。
| KSCO コード | KSCO 名称 | 関係 | 状態 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 89221 | 사진 인화 및 현상기 조작원 | この職業のほうが広い | 確定 |
| 89229 | 그 외 사진 인화 및 현상기 조작원 | この職業のほうが広い | 確定 |
関係と状態の定義(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO（国際労働機関）の職業説明
以下のISCO-08職業群は、AI Changing Workが米国労働統計局（BLS）の発行するクロスウォーク（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）を個別の選択なしにそのまま適用して、この職業に結び付けたものです。結び付きは全体的な対応の場合も部分的な対応の場合もあります。
- ISCO-08 8132Photographic Products Machine Operators
写真製品製造機械の運転工
出典: 総務省「国際標準職業分類（ISCO）2008年改定版（仮訳）分類項目名一覧（和英対照）」— 原著：ILO ISCO-08 © International Labour Organization（日本語訳は総務省がILOの許可を得て作成）
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 職業語彙
以下の各項目は、公開されているESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（バージョン1、2022年）で、この職業と一つずつ対応付けられたものです。対応の種類はそのクロスウォークによるもので、表現はAI Changing Workによるものです。
- motion picture film developerESCO 8132.1この職業のほうが広い
Motion picture film developers develop film material into visible videos and material. They develop the footage into different formats, such as 65-70mm and 8mm, and presentations, such as black and white and colour. They work small cine-films per request of clients.
- photographic developerESCO 8132.2この職業のほうが広い
Photographic developers use chemicals, instruments, and darkroom photographic techniques in specialised rooms in order to develop photographic films into visible images.
- photographerESCO 3431.1重なるが同じではない
Photographers take pictures using digital or film cameras and equipment. Photographers may develop negatives or use computer software in order to produce finished images and prints.
出典: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ライセンス: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
フランス職業分類との対応（ROME）
この職業と ROME 4.0 の職業票（fiche）との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。「暫定」と表示した対応は、同じモデル系列（Claude）の二人の判定者による判定のみ、またはその判定に運営者の規則を適用して採用したものであり、確定した対応より根拠が弱くなります。
| ROME コード | ROME 名称（フランス語） | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| E1203 | Technicien / Technicienne de laboratoire photographique | 範囲が同じ暫定 |
| E1202 | Opérateur / Opératrice de laboratoire cinématographique | この職業のほうが広い暫定 |
| E1209 | Responsable de laboratoire photographique | 関連（対応ではない） |
| E1212 | Restaurateur / Restauratrice numérique image | 関連（対応ではない）暫定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
スペイン職業分類との対応（CNO-11）
この職業と CNO-11 の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| CNO-11 コード | CNO-11 名称（スペイン語） | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 8133 | Operadores de laboratorios fotográficos y afines | 範囲が同じ |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
ドイツ職業分類との対応（KldB）
この職業と KldB の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| KldB コード | KldB 名称（ドイツ語） | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 23312 | Berufe in der Fototechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 範囲が同じ |
| 23313 | Berufe in der Fototechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 関連（対応ではない）暫定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本職業分類との対応（JSCO）
この職業と JSCO の職業との対応で、AI Changing Work が AI モデルを用いて判定したものです。関係はこの職業の側から読みます。
| JSCO コード | JSCO 名称（日本語） | 関係 |
|---|---|---|
| 591 | 生産関連作業従事者 | この職業のほうが狭い |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
このページのデータの出典・ライセンスと AI Changing Work による改変・翻訳の告知：クレジットと出典