Provide advice to clients on a contract basis, working as a consultant.Details
15-2011
0.251595.4
0.0138100.0
Determine or help determine company policy, and explain complex technical matters to company executives, government officials, shareholders, policyholders, or the public.Details
15-2011
0.00451.7
—0
Determine policy contract provisions for each type of insurance.Details
15-2011
0.00301.1
—0
Provide expertise to help financial institutions manage risks and maximize returns associated with investment products or credit offerings.Details
15-2011
0.00281.1
—0
Design, review and help administer insurance, annuity and pension plans, determining financial soundness and calculating premiums.Details
15-2011
0.00180.7
—0
Not observed on any surface — 9 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Ascertain premium rates required and cash reserves and liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.Details
—0
—0
Analyze statistical information to estimate mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates.Details
—0
—0
Collaborate with programmers, underwriters, accounts, claims experts, and senior management to help companies develop plans for new lines of business or improvements to existing business.Details
—0
—0
Testify before public agencies on proposed legislation affecting businesses.Details
—0
—0
Testify in court as expert witness or to provide legal evidence on matters such as the value of potential lifetime earnings of a person who is disabled or killed in an accident.Details
—0
—0
Construct probability tables for events such as fires, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information.Details
—0
—0
Determine equitable basis for distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual companies.Details
—0
—0
Manage credit and help price corporate security offerings.Details
—0
—0
Explain changes in contract provisions to customers.Details
—0
—0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Ascertain premium rates required and cash reserves and liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.Details
O*NET Task ID 3500
0.5
Analyze statistical information to estimate mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates.Details
O*NET Task ID 3501
0.5
Design, review, and help administer insurance, annuity and pension plans, determining financial soundness and calculating premiums.Details
O*NET Task ID 3502
0.5
Collaborate with programmers, underwriters, accounts, claims experts, and senior management to help companies develop plans for new lines of business or improvements to existing business.Details
O*NET Task ID 3503
0.5
Determine, or help determine, company policy, and explain complex technical matters to company executives, government officials, shareholders, policyholders, or the public.Details
O*NET Task ID 3504
0.5
Testify before public agencies on proposed legislation affecting businesses.Details
O*NET Task ID 3505
0.5
Provide advice to clients on a contract basis, working as a consultant.Details
O*NET Task ID 3506
0.5
Testify in court as expert witness or to provide legal evidence on matters such as the value of potential lifetime earnings of a person disabled or killed in an accident.Details
O*NET Task ID 3507
0.5
Construct probability tables for events such as fires, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information.Details
O*NET Task ID 3508
0.5
Determine policy contract provisions for each type of insurance.Details
O*NET Task ID 3509
0.5
Manage credit and help price corporate security offerings.Details
O*NET Task ID 3510
0.5
Provide expertise to help financial institutions manage risks and maximize returns associated with investment products or credit offerings.Details
O*NET Task ID 3511
0.5
Determine equitable basis for distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual companies.Details
O*NET Task ID 3512
0.5
Explain changes in contract provisions to customers.Details
O*NET Task ID 3513
0.5
Negotiate terms and conditions of reinsurance with other companies.Details
O*NET Task ID 20951
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advise on or engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.
作業
(a) studying, improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories and techniques;
(b) advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and techniques to a wide range of tasks in the fields of engineering, natural, social or life sciences;
(c) conducting logical analyses of management problems, especially in terms of input-output effectiveness, and formulating mathematical models of each problem usually for programmeming and solution by computer;
(c) designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health, social and other types of insurance systems;
(e) applying mathematics, statistics, probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future events;
(f) planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and designing questionnaires;
(g) evaluating, processing, analysing, and interpreting statistical data and preparing them for publication;
(h) advising on or applying various data collection methods and statistical methods and techniques, and determining reliability of findings, especially in such fields as business or medicine as well as in other areas of natural, social or life sciences;
(i) preparing scientific papers and reports;
(j) supervising the work of mathematical, actuarial and statistical assistants and statistical clerks.
Actuarial consultants analyse, manage and provide guidance on financial impact of risks. They can work in fields related to insurance, pension, investment, banking, healthcare etc. Actuarial consultants apply technical and statistical models and theories to give strategic, commercial, and financial advice.
gambling, betting, and lottery game developerESCO 2120.3
Gambling, betting, and lottery game developers create, develop and produce content for new lottery and similar games for large audiences.
gambling, betting, and lottery quality assurance engineerESCO 2120.4
Gambling, betting and lottery quality assurance engineers design and plan methods to test the gambling, the lottery or betting games. They execute the tests. These games can be both for public or for private audience, and the tests are for both online and land-based gaming.
mathematicianESCO 2120.5
Mathematicians study and deepen existing mathematical theories in order to expand the knowledge and find new paradigms within the field. They can apply this knowledge to challenges presented in engineering and scientific projects in order to assure that measurements, quantities, and mathematic laws prove their viability.
statisticianESCO 2120.6
Statisticians collect, tabulate, and, most importantly, analyse quantitative information coming from a varied array of fields. They interpret and analyse statistical studies on fields such as health, demographics, finance, business, etc. and advise based on patterns and drawn analysis.
biometricianESCO 2120.6.1
Biometricians perform research in the field of biometrics. They carry statistical or biological research projects by measuring fingerprints, retinas, and human shapes for medical or industrial applications.
demographerESCO 2120.2
Demographers study a variety of parameters related with population. They develop, based on their observations, statistical analyses on the evolutions and changes of births, elderly, marriage and divorce, employment, mortality, immigration and related matters.
出典:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +9.2%
Median wage: $130K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
