Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Compile and maintain records of food use and expenditures.Details
O*NET Task ID 9492
1.0
Monitor menus and spending to ensure that meals are prepared economically.Details
O*NET Task ID 9497
0.5
Plan menus that are varied, nutritionally balanced, and appetizing, taking advantage of foods in season and local availability.Details
O*NET Task ID 9498
0.5
Requisition food supplies, kitchen equipment, and appliances, based on estimates of future needs.Details
O*NET Task ID 9499
0.5
Determine meal prices, based on calculations of ingredient prices.Details
O*NET Task ID 9500
0.5
Clean and inspect galley equipment, kitchen appliances, and work areas to ensure cleanliness and functional operation.Details
O*NET Task ID 9486
0.0
Apportion and serve food to facility residents, employees, or patrons.Details
O*NET Task ID 9487
0.0
Cook foodstuffs according to menus, special dietary or nutritional restrictions, or numbers of portions to be served.Details
O*NET Task ID 9488
0.0
Clean, cut, and cook meat, fish, or poultry.Details
O*NET Task ID 9489
0.0
Monitor use of government food commodities to ensure that proper procedures are followed.Details
O*NET Task ID 9490
0.0
Wash pots, pans, dishes, utensils, or other cooking equipment.Details
O*NET Task ID 9491
0.0
Direct activities of one or more workers who assist in preparing and serving meals.Details
O*NET Task ID 9493
0.0
Bake breads, rolls, or other pastries.Details
O*NET Task ID 9494
0.0
Train new employees.Details
O*NET Task ID 9495
0.0
Take inventory of supplies and equipment.Details
O*NET Task ID 9496
0.0
Monitor and record food temperatures to ensure food safety.Details
O*NET Task ID 21148
0.0
Rotate and store food supplies.Details
O*NET Task ID 21149
0.0
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Cooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals, according to recipes or under the supervision of chefs, in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households.
作業
(a) planning meals, preparing and cooking foodstuffs;
(b) planning, supervising and coordinating the work of kitchen helpers;
(c) checking the quality of food;
(d) weighing, measuring and mixing ingredients according to recipes and personal judgement;
(e) regulating the temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking equipment
(f) inspecting and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment and serving areas, to ensure safe and sanitary food handling practices;
(g) operating large-volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers or griddles.
Industrial cooks create new food designs and recipes. They prepare, measure and mix ingredients to prepare foodstuff products. They control and regulate temperatures, monitor cooking process, assign specific baking tasks, and direct workers in task performance.
cookESCO 5120.1
cooks are culinary operatives who are able to prepare and present food, normally in domestic and institutional environments.
diet cookESCO 5120.1.1
Diet cooks prepare and present meals according to special dietary or nutrition needs.
fish cookESCO 5120.1.2
Fish cooks are responsible for preparing and presenting fish dishes using a variety of techniques. They may also prepare the accompanying sauces and purchase fresh fish for these dishes.
grill cookESCO 5120.1.3
Grill cooks prepare and present meat, vegetables and fish using grill equipment such as grills and rotisseries.
出典:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +2.8%
Median wage: $37K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 454K
Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential
