Investment Fund Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-3031.03
Plan, direct, or coordinate investment strategy or operations for a large pool of liquid assets supplied by institutional investors or individual investors.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.391
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37–0.47· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 1211Finance Managers0.37
- ISCO-08 1346Financial and Insurance Services Branch managers0.47
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only20 rated tasks · 20 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 11-9199.03 Investment Fund Managers, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Present investment information, such as product risks, fees, or fund performance statistics.11-9199.03 | 0.046341.1 |
Perform or evaluate research, such as detailed company or industry analyses, to inform financial forecasting, decision making, or valuation.11-9199.03 | 0.029025.7 |
Develop or direct development of offering documents or marketing materials.11-9199.03 | 0.00847.5 |
Develop or implement fund investment policies or strategies.11-9199.03 | 0.00716.3 |
Develop, implement, or monitor security valuation policies.11-9199.03 | 0.00625.5 |
Evaluate the potential of new product developments or market opportunities, according to factors such as business plans, technologies, or market potential.11-9199.03 | 0.00464.1 |
Monitor financial or operational performance of individual investments to ensure portfolios meet risk goals.11-9199.03 | 0.00454.0 |
Identify group or individual target investors for a specific fund.11-9199.03 | 0.00282.5 |
Select or direct the execution of trades.11-9199.03 | 0.00201.7 |
Attend investment briefings or consult financial media to stay abreast of relevant investment markets.11-9199.03 | 0.00181.6 |
| Not observed on any surface — 10 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Prepare for and respond to regulatory inquiries. | —0 |
Hire or evaluate staff. | —0 |
Monitor regulatory or tax law changes to ensure fund compliance or to capitalize on development opportunities. | —0 |
Meet with investors to determine investment goals or to discuss investment strategies. | —0 |
Manage investment funds to maximize return on client investments. | —0 |
Select specific investments or investment mixes for purchase by an investment fund. | —0 |
Verify regulatory compliance of transaction reporting. | —0 |
Direct activities of accounting or operations departments. | —0 |
Review offering documents or marketing materials to ensure regulatory compliance. | —0 |
Analyze acquisitions to ensure conformance with strategic goals or regulatory requirements. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare for and respond to regulatory inquiries.O*NET Task ID 15660 | 0.5 |
Verify regulatory compliance of transaction reporting.O*NET Task ID 15661 | 0.5 |
Hire or evaluate staff.O*NET Task ID 15662 | 0.5 |
Direct activities of accounting or operations departments.O*NET Task ID 15663 | 0.5 |
Develop, implement, or monitor security valuation policies.O*NET Task ID 15664 | 0.5 |
Attend investment briefings or consult financial media to stay abreast of relevant investment markets.O*NET Task ID 15665 | 0.5 |
Review offering documents or marketing materials to ensure regulatory compliance.O*NET Task ID 15666 | 0.5 |
Perform or evaluate research, such as detailed company or industry analyses, to inform financial forecasting, decision making, or valuation.O*NET Task ID 15667 | 0.5 |
Present investment information, such as product risks, fees, or fund performance statistics.O*NET Task ID 15668 | 0.5 |
Monitor financial or operational performance of individual investments to ensure portfolios meet risk goals.O*NET Task ID 15669 | 0.5 |
Monitor regulatory or tax law changes to ensure fund compliance or to capitalize on development opportunities.O*NET Task ID 15670 | 0.5 |
Meet with investors to determine investment goals or to discuss investment strategies.O*NET Task ID 15671 | 0.5 |
Identify group or individual target investors for a specific fund.O*NET Task ID 15672 | 0.5 |
Develop or direct development of offering documents or marketing materials.O*NET Task ID 15673 | 0.5 |
Evaluate the potential of new product developments or market opportunities, according to factors such as business plans, technologies, or market potential.O*NET Task ID 15674 | 0.5 |
Develop or implement fund investment policies or strategies.O*NET Task ID 15675 | 0.5 |
Select or direct the execution of trades.O*NET Task ID 15676 | 0.5 |
Analyze acquisitions to ensure conformance with strategic goals or regulatory requirements.O*NET Task ID 15677 | 0.5 |
Manage investment funds to maximize return on client investments.O*NET Task ID 15678 | 0.5 |
Select specific investments or investment mixes for purchase by an investment fund.O*NET Task ID 15679 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Prepare for and respond to regulatory inquiries. | Core |
| Hire or evaluate staff. | Core |
| Develop, implement, or monitor security valuation policies. | Core |
| Attend investment briefings or consult financial media to stay abreast of relevant investment markets. | Core |
| Perform or evaluate research, such as detailed company or industry analyses, to inform financial forecasting, decision making, or valuation. | Core |
| Present investment information, such as product risks, fees, or fund performance statistics. | Core |
| Monitor financial or operational performance of individual investments to ensure portfolios meet risk goals. | Core |
| Monitor regulatory or tax law changes to ensure fund compliance or to capitalize on development opportunities. | Core |
| Meet with investors to determine investment goals or to discuss investment strategies. | Core |
| Develop or direct development of offering documents or marketing materials. | Core |
| Evaluate the potential of new product developments or market opportunities, according to factors such as business plans, technologies, or market potential. | Core |
| Develop or implement fund investment policies or strategies. | Core |
| Select or direct the execution of trades. | Core |
| Manage investment funds to maximize return on client investments. | Core |
| Select specific investments or investment mixes for purchase by an investment fund. | Core |
| Verify regulatory compliance of transaction reporting. | Supplemental |
| Direct activities of accounting or operations departments. | Supplemental |
| Review offering documents or marketing materials to ensure regulatory compliance. | Supplemental |
| Identify group or individual target investors for a specific fund. | Supplemental |
| Analyze acquisitions to ensure conformance with strategic goals or regulatory requirements. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 11-3031 group (Financial managers), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 880K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 965K
- Change (2025–35)
- +9.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $166,570
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28221 | 금융자산 운용가 | Same scope | confirmed |
| 28293 | 투자신탁 전문가 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1211Finance Managers
- ISCO-08 1346Financial and Insurance Services Branch managers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- venture capitalistESCO 2412.11This occupation is broader
Venture capitalists invest in young or small startup companies by providing private funding. They research potential markets and particular product opportunities to help business owners develop or expand a business. They provide business advice, technical expertise, and network contacts based on their experience and activities. They do not assume executive managerial positions within the company, but have a say in its strategic direction.
- asset managerESCO 3311.1Overlapping, not the same
Asset managers invest the money of a client into financial assets, through vehicles such as investment funds or management of individual clients’ portfolios. This includes the management of the financial assets, within a given investment policy and risk framework, the provision of information, the assessment and monitoring of risks.
- investment analystESCO 2413.1.3Overlapping, not the same
Investment analysts undertake research to make informed recommendations to fund managers. They research investments globally but depending on the nature and field of their employer they can specialise in fields like retail, infrastructure, energy, banking and financial services. They focus on financial and economical information such as the political and economic developments that can impact financial markets, the financial performance of the target companies and use the interpretation of data from different sources to understand how it affects investment decision making.
- investment managerESCO 2412.5.3Overlapping, not the same
Investment managers administer the portfolio of investments that a company has. They perform close follow up of the investments looking for the most profitable solutions represented in financial products or securities. They analyse behaviour in financial markets, interests rates, and the companies' position in order to advise on risks and profitability for the client.
- mutual fund brokerESCO 3311.2.3Overlapping, not the same
Mutual fund brokers handle and raise cash from shareholders in order to invest them in stocks, bonds and money-market securities. They engage with investors by making inquiries about the client's mutual funds account status and transaction procedures. Mutual fund brokers make use of their expertise in investment theory, market experience, and research to pick the most approapriate investments for their fund portfolio. They ensure that the mutual fund's operations are in compliance with legal requirements.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| C1304 | Gestionnaire d'organisme de placement collectif en valeurs mobilières -OPCVM- | This occupation is broader |
| C1303 | Responsable de portefeuille financier | Overlapping, not the same |
| M1226 | Responsable investissements | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2612 | Asesores financieros y en inversiones | This occupation is narrower |
| 1211 | Directores financieros | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 72124 | Anlageberater/innen und sonstige Finanzdienstleistungsberufe - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 72194 | Führungskräfte - Versicherungs- und Finanzdienstleistungen | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 184 | 金融・保険専門職業従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 031 | 会社管理職員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources