Financial Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-3031.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.391
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37–0.47· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 1211Finance Managers0.37
- ISCO-08 1346Financial and Insurance Services Branch managers0.47
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only21 rated tasks · 20 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (95.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 4 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 11-3031.02 Financial Managers, Branch or Department, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Develop or analyze information to assess the current or future financial status of firms.11-3031.02 | 0.057132.9 |
Analyze and classify risks and investments to determine their potential impacts on companies.11-3031.02 | 0.037521.6 |
Evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting or collection procedures, or investment activities and make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or other financial control functions.11-3031.02 | 0.029817.2 |
Review reports of securities transactions or price lists to analyze market conditions.11-3031.02 | 0.01548.9 |
Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter.11-3031.02 | 0.01096.3 |
Review collection reports to determine the status of collections and the amounts of outstanding balances.11-3031.02 | 0.00744.3 |
Oversee the flow of cash or financial instruments.11-3031.02 | 0.00512.9 |
Plan, direct, and coordinate risk and insurance programs of establishments to control risks and losses.11-3031.02 | 0.00462.6 |
Examine, evaluate, or process loan applications.11-3031.02 | 0.00382.2 |
Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by laws, regulations, or boards of directors.11-3031.02 | 0.00211.2 |
| Not observed on any surface — 11 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments. | —0 |
Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis. | —0 |
Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets. | —0 |
Recruit staff members. | —0 |
Oversee training programs. | —0 |
Network within communities to find and attract new business. | —0 |
Approve, reject, or coordinate the approval or rejection of lines of credit or commercial, real estate, or personal loans. | —0 |
Establish procedures for custody or control of assets, records, loan collateral, or securities to ensure safekeeping. | —0 |
Submit delinquent accounts to attorneys or outside agencies for collection. | —0 |
Communicate with stockholders or other investors to provide information or to raise capital. | —0 |
Direct insurance negotiations, select insurance brokers or carriers, and place insurance. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter.O*NET Task ID 21311 | 0.5 |
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments.O*NET Task ID 21312 | 0.5 |
Recruit staff members.O*NET Task ID 21313 | 0.5 |
Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis.O*NET Task ID 21314 | 0.5 |
Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets.O*NET Task ID 21315 | 0.5 |
Oversee training programs.O*NET Task ID 21316 | 0.5 |
Examine, evaluate, or process loan applications.O*NET Task ID 21317 | 0.5 |
Approve, reject, or coordinate the approval or rejection of lines of credit or commercial, real estate, or personal loans.O*NET Task ID 21318 | 0.5 |
Oversee the flow of cash or financial instruments.O*NET Task ID 21319 | 0.5 |
Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by laws, regulations, or boards of directors.O*NET Task ID 21320 | 0.5 |
Develop or analyze information to assess the current or future financial status of firms.O*NET Task ID 21321 | 0.5 |
Communicate with stockholders or other investors to provide information or to raise capital.O*NET Task ID 21322 | 0.5 |
Evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting or collection procedures, or investment activities and make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or other financial control functions.O*NET Task ID 21323 | 0.5 |
Analyze and classify risks and investments to determine their potential impacts on companies.O*NET Task ID 21324 | 0.5 |
Review collection reports to determine the status of collections and the amounts of outstanding balances.O*NET Task ID 21326 | 0.5 |
Establish procedures for custody or control of assets, records, loan collateral, or securities to ensure safekeeping.O*NET Task ID 21327 | 0.5 |
Plan, direct, and coordinate risk and insurance programs of establishments to control risks and losses.O*NET Task ID 21328 | 0.5 |
Review reports of securities transactions or price lists to analyze market conditions.O*NET Task ID 21329 | 0.5 |
Direct insurance negotiations, select insurance brokers or carriers, and place insurance.O*NET Task ID 21330 | 0.5 |
Submit delinquent accounts to attorneys or outside agencies for collection.O*NET Task ID 21331 | 0.5 |
Network within communities to find and attract new business.O*NET Task ID 21325 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (17)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter. | Core |
| Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments. | Core |
| Recruit staff members. | Core |
| Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets. | Core |
| Oversee training programs. | Core |
| Oversee the flow of cash or financial instruments. | Core |
| Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis. | Supplemental |
| Examine, evaluate, or process loan applications. | Supplemental |
| Approve, reject, or coordinate the approval or rejection of lines of credit or commercial, real estate, or personal loans. | Supplemental |
| Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by laws, regulations, or boards of directors. | Supplemental |
| Develop or analyze information to assess the current or future financial status of firms. | Supplemental |
| Communicate with stockholders or other investors to provide information or to raise capital. | Supplemental |
| Evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting or collection procedures, or investment activities and make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or other financial control functions. | Supplemental |
| Network within communities to find and attract new business. | Supplemental |
| Review collection reports to determine the status of collections and the amounts of outstanding balances. | Supplemental |
| Establish procedures for custody or control of assets, records, loan collateral, or securities to ensure safekeeping. | Supplemental |
| Review reports of securities transactions or price lists to analyze market conditions. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 11-3031 group (Financial managers), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 880K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 965K
- Change (2025–35)
- +9.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $166,570
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12123 | 재무 관리자 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 13201 | 보험 관리자 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 13202 | 금융 관리자 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1211Finance Managers
- ISCO-08 1346Financial and Insurance Services Branch managers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- bank managerESCO 1346.1This occupation is broader
Bank managers oversee the management of one or several bank activities. They set policies which promote safe banking operations, ensure the economic, social and commercial targets are met and that all the bank departments, activities and commercial policies are in compliance with legal requirements. They also manage employees and maintain an effective working relationship among the staff.
- bank treasurerESCO 1211.1.2This occupation is broader
Bank treasurers oversee all aspects of the financial management of a bank. They manage the liquidity and solvency of the bank. They manage and present current budgets, revise financial forecasts, prepare accounts for audit, manage the bank's accounts and maintain accurate record-keeping of financial documentation.
- banking products managerESCO 1221.2This occupation is broader
Banking products managers study the market of banking products and adapt the existing ones to the characteristics of this evolution or create new products to suit clients needs. They monitor and evaluate the performance indicators of these products and suggest improvements. Banking products managers assist with the sales and marketing strategy of the bank.
- brokerage firm directorESCO 1346.2This occupation is broader
Brokerage firm directors organise the activities and the people involved in securities trading. They envision strategies aimed at increasing the efficiency of asset trading with a focus on profitability. They may also advise clients on appropriate trades.
- pension scheme managerESCO 1346.6This occupation is broader
Pension scheme managers coordinate pension schemes in order to provide benefits in retirement to individuals or organisations. They ensure the daily deployment of the pension fund and define the strategic policy for developing new pension packages.
- corporate treasurerESCO 1211.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Corporate treasurers determine and oversee the financial strategic policies of a company or organisation. They use cash management techniques like account organisation, cash flow monitoring, liquidity planning and control, risk management including currency and commodity risks and maintain close connection with banks and rating agencies.
- financial managerESCO 1211.1Overlapping, not the same
Financial managers handle all the matters in reference to the finance and investments of a company. They manage financial operations of companies such as the assets, liabilities, equity and cash flow aiming to maintain the financial health of the company and operative viability. Financial managers evaluate the strategic plans of the company in financial terms, maintain transparent financial operations for taxation and auditing bodies, and create the financial statements of the company at the end of the fiscal year.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| C1104 | Responsable d'agence en assurances | This occupation is broader |
| C1108 | Responsable de département en assurances | This occupation is broader |
| C1207 | Directeur / Directrice d'agence bancaire | This occupation is broader |
| C1306 | Gestionnaire financier / Gestionnaire financière | This occupation is broader |
| C1403 | Cadre technique de la banque | This occupation is broader |
| M1205 | Directeur administratif et financier / Directrice administrative et financière (DAF) | This occupation is broader |
| M1206 | Responsable comptabilité | This occupation is broader |
| M1220 | Credit manager | This occupation is broader |
| M1223 | Chef / Cheffe des services administratifs et financiers | This occupation is broader |
| M1226 | Responsable investissements | This occupation is broader |
| C1125 | Responsable gestion des sinistres | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| C1213 | Directeur / Directrice d'organisme de crédit | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1908 | Responsable de service contentieux et recouvrement | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1207 | Trésorier / Trésorière | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| C1118 | Responsable de secteur en assurances | Related, not a match |
| C1204 | Gestionnaire de produits bancaires | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1211 | Directores financieros | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 1327 | Directores de sucursales de bancos, de servicios financieros y de seguros | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 72294 | Führungskräfte - Rechnungswesen, Controlling und Revision | This occupation is broader |
| 72194 | Führungskräfte - Versicherungs- und Finanzdienstleistungen | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 031 | 会社管理職員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources