Hydroelectric Production Managers

O*NET-SOC code: 11-3051.06

Manage operations at hydroelectric power generation facilities. Maintain and monitor hydroelectric plant equipment for efficient and safe plant operations.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.013
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.38
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

19 rated tasks · 12 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (63.2%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Maintain records of hydroelectric facility operations, maintenance, or repairs. O*NET Task ID 15512	1.0
Develop or implement policy evaluation procedures for hydroelectric generation activities. O*NET Task ID 15502	0.5
Develop or implement projects to improve efficiency, economy, or effectiveness of hydroelectric plant operations. O*NET Task ID 15504	0.5
Respond to problems related to ratepayers, water users, power users, government agencies, educational institutions, or other private or public power resource interests. O*NET Task ID 15506	0.5
Plan or manage hydroelectric plant upgrades. O*NET Task ID 15507	0.5
Plan or coordinate hydroelectric production operations to meet customer requirements. O*NET Task ID 15508	0.5
Negotiate power generation contracts with other public or private utilities. O*NET Task ID 15511	0.5
Identify and communicate power system emergencies. O*NET Task ID 15515	0.5
Develop or review budgets, annual plans, power contracts, power rates, standing operating procedures, power reviews, or engineering studies. O*NET Task ID 15516	0.5
Create or enforce hydrostation voltage schedules. O*NET Task ID 15517	0.5
Check hydroelectric operations for compliance with prescribed operating limits, such as loads, voltages, temperatures, lines, or equipment. O*NET Task ID 15518	0.5
Supervise or monitor hydroelectric facility operations to ensure that generation or mechanical equipment conform to applicable regulations or standards. O*NET Task ID 15519	0.5
Show 2 more tasks ▾Show less ▴
Provide technical direction in the erection or commissioning of hydroelectric equipment or supporting electrical or mechanical systems. O*NET Task ID 15503	0.0
Supervise hydropower plant equipment installations, upgrades, or maintenance. O*NET Task ID 15505	0.0
Perform or direct preventive or corrective containment or cleanup to protect the environment. O*NET Task ID 15509	0.0
Operate energized high- or low-voltage hydroelectric power transmission system substations, according to procedures and safety requirements. O*NET Task ID 15510	0.0
Monitor or inspect hydroelectric equipment, such as hydro-turbines, generators, or control systems. O*NET Task ID 15513	0.0
Inspect hydroelectric facilities, including switchyards, control houses, or relay houses, for normal operation or adherence to safety standards. O*NET Task ID 15514	0.0
Direct operations, maintenance, or repair of hydroelectric power facilities. O*NET Task ID 15520	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (18)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Develop or implement policy evaluation procedures for hydroelectric generation activities.	Core
Provide technical direction in the erection or commissioning of hydroelectric equipment or supporting electrical or mechanical systems.	Core
Develop or implement projects to improve efficiency, economy, or effectiveness of hydroelectric plant operations.	Core
Supervise hydropower plant equipment installations, upgrades, or maintenance.	Core
Respond to problems related to ratepayers, water users, power users, government agencies, educational institutions, or other private or public power resource interests.	Core
Plan or manage hydroelectric plant upgrades.	Core
Plan or coordinate hydroelectric production operations to meet customer requirements.	Core
Perform or direct preventive or corrective containment or cleanup to protect the environment.	Core
Maintain records of hydroelectric facility operations, maintenance, or repairs.	Core
Monitor or inspect hydroelectric equipment, such as hydro-turbines, generators, or control systems.	Core
Inspect hydroelectric facilities, including switchyards, control houses, or relay houses, for normal operation or adherence to safety standards.	Core
Identify and communicate power system emergencies.	Core
Develop or review budgets, annual plans, power contracts, power rates, standing operating procedures, power reviews, or engineering studies.	Core
Check hydroelectric operations for compliance with prescribed operating limits, such as loads, voltages, temperatures, lines, or equipment.	Core
Supervise or monitor hydroelectric facility operations to ensure that generation or mechanical equipment conform to applicable regulations or standards.	Core
Direct operations, maintenance, or repair of hydroelectric power facilities.	Core
Operate energized high- or low-voltage hydroelectric power transmission system substations, according to procedures and safety requirements.	Supplemental
Create or enforce hydrostation voltage schedules.	Supplemental

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.16/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Inspect hydroelectric facilities, including switchyards, control houses, or relay houses, for normal operation or adherence to safety standards.	E2 structured facilities
Operate energized high- or low-voltage hydroelectric power transmission system substations, according to procedures and safety requirements.	E2 structured facilities

Employment outlook (BLS)

Values for the whole SOC 11-3051 group (Industrial production managers), not for this O*NET occupation alone.

Employment, 2025: 252K
Projected employment, 2035: 259K
Change (2025–35): +2.6%
Median annual wage, 2025: $126,060
Typical education needed for entry: Bachelor's degree

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
14121	전기 관련 관리자	This occupation is narrower	confirmed
14125	신재생에너지 관련 관리자	This occupation is narrower	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 1321Manufacturing Managers

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Manufacturing managers plan, direct and coordinate activities concerned with the production of goods, the production and distribution of electricity gas and water, and the collection, treatment and disposal of waste. They may manage the production departments of large enterprises or be the managers of small manufacturing companies.

Tasks

(a) determining, implementing and monitoring production strategies, policies and plans;
(b) planning details of production activities in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, time available and labour requirements;
(c) controlling the operation of production plant and quality procedures through planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and supply of parts and tools;
(d) establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting processes and resources to minimize costs;
(e) consulting with and informing other managers about production matters;
(f) overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment;
(g) controlling the preparation of production records and reports;
(h) coordinating the implementation of occupational health and safety requirements;
(i) identifying business opportunities and determining products to be manufactured;
(j) researching and implementing regulatory and statutory requirements affecting manufacturing operations and the environment;
(k) overseeing the provision of quotes for the manufacture of specialized goods and establishing contracts with customers and suppliers;
(l) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Example occupations

Manufacturer · Manufacturing manager · Production and operations manager (manufacturing)

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

power plant managerESCO 1219.5.3This occupation is narrower
Power plant managers supervise operations in power plants which produce and transport energy. They coordinate the production of energy in the plant, and supervise the construction, operation and maintenance of energy transmission and distribution networks and systems.
hydropower engineerESCO 2142.1.5Overlapping, not the same
Hydropower engineers research, design and plan the building of facilities that generate electricity from the movement of water. They search optimal locations, conduct trials and try different materials to achieve the best result. Hydropower engineers develop strategies for more efficient energy production and analyse environmental consequences.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
H2713	Responsable de production d'énergie	This occupation is narrower
H2712	Technicien / Technicienne d'exploitation en centrale hydroélectrique	Related, not a match

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
1313	Directores de industrias manufactureras	This occupation is narrowerprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
27394	Führungskräfte - Technische Produktionsplanung und -steuerung	This occupation is narrower
26293	Aufsichtskräfte - Energietechnik	Related, not a match

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
031	会社管理職員	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
641	発電員，変電員	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources