Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-9013.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22–0.27· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 1311Agricultural and Forestry Production Managers0.27
- ISCO-08 1312Aquaculture and Fisheries Production Managers0.22
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only30 rated tasks · 22 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (73.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare reports required by state and federal laws.O*NET Task ID 21378 | 1.0 |
Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data.O*NET Task ID 21370 | 0.5 |
Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.O*NET Task ID 21374 | 0.5 |
Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules.O*NET Task ID 21375 | 0.5 |
Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries.O*NET Task ID 21376 | 0.5 |
Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers.O*NET Task ID 21377 | 0.5 |
Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches.O*NET Task ID 21380 | 0.5 |
Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.O*NET Task ID 21381 | 0.5 |
Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock.O*NET Task ID 21383 | 0.5 |
Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production.O*NET Task ID 21385 | 0.5 |
Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns.O*NET Task ID 21386 | 0.5 |
Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations.O*NET Task ID 21387 | 0.5 |
Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields.O*NET Task ID 21389 | 0.5 |
Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation.O*NET Task ID 21390 | 0.5 |
Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites.O*NET Task ID 21391 | 0.5 |
Determine types or quantities of crops, plants, or livestock to be grown and raised, based on budgets, federal incentives, market conditions, executive directives, projected sales volumes, or soil conditions.O*NET Task ID 21392 | 0.5 |
Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety.O*NET Task ID 21393 | 0.5 |
Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting.O*NET Task ID 21394 | 0.5 |
Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for products.O*NET Task ID 21395 | 0.5 |
Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards.O*NET Task ID 21397 | 0.5 |
Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life.O*NET Task ID 21398 | 0.5 |
Obtain financing for and purchase necessary machinery, land, supplies, or livestock.O*NET Task ID 21399 | 0.5 |
Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research.O*NET Task ID 21371 | 0.0 |
Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques.O*NET Task ID 21372 | 0.0 |
Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks.O*NET Task ID 21373 | 0.0 |
Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work.O*NET Task ID 21379 | 0.0 |
Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement.O*NET Task ID 21382 | 0.0 |
Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock.O*NET Task ID 21384 | 0.0 |
Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads.O*NET Task ID 21388 | 0.0 |
Hire, supervise, and train support workers.O*NET Task ID 21396 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data. | Core |
| Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research. | Core |
| Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques. | Core |
| Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks. | Core |
| Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire. | Core |
| Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules. | Core |
| Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries. | Core |
| Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers. | Core |
| Prepare reports required by state and federal laws. | Core |
| Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work. | Core |
| Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches. | Core |
| Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities. | Core |
| Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement. | Core |
| Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock. | Core |
| Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock. | Core |
| Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production. | Core |
| Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns. | Core |
| Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations. | Core |
| Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads. | Core |
| Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields. | Supplemental |
| Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation. | — |
| Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites. | — |
| Determine types or quantities of crops, plants, or livestock to be grown and raised, based on budgets, federal incentives, market conditions, executive directives, projected sales volumes, or soil conditions. | — |
| Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety. | — |
| Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting. | — |
| Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for products. | — |
| Hire, supervise, and train support workers. | — |
| Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards. | — |
| Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life. | — |
| Obtain financing for and purchase necessary machinery, land, supplies, or livestock. | — |
0.69/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work. | E0 none |
| Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock. | E0 none |
| Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation. | E2 structured facilities |
| Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites. | E0 none |
| Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting. | E2 structured facilities |
| Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards. | E0 none |
| Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 789K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 762K
- Change (2025–35)
- -3.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $89,900
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14901 | 농림어업 관련 관리자 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 61110 | 곡식작물 재배원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 61130 | 과수작물 재배원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 61121 | 채소작물 재배원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
| 61122 | 특용작물 재배원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
| 61311 | 젖소 사육원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
| 63012 | 해조류 양식원 | Related, not a match | reviewed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1311Agricultural and Forestry Production Managers
- ISCO-08 1312Aquaculture and Fisheries Production Managers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- aquaculture hatchery managerESCO 6221.3This occupation is broader
Aquaculture hatchery managers plan, direct, and coordinate the production in large-scale aquaculture operations to breed fish and shellfish, developing aquaculture breeding strategies using various types of spawning techniques. They control the reproduction and the early life cycle stages of cultured species. They supervise incubation, early feeding and rearing techniques of the cultured species.
- aquaculture mooring managerESCO 6221.8This occupation is broader
Aquaculture mooring managers carry out and supervise the mooring of cages in stable stations, drifting cages or even self-propelled and semi-submerged cages. They safely operate and moor a variety of different types of large-scale cages, manage conditions such as currents, wave climate and seabed profile, in open or semi-open water areas.
- aquaculture production managerESCO 1312.3This occupation is broader
Aquaculture production managers plan, direct and coordinate the production of fish, shellfish or other forms of aquatic life such as cash crops, in large-scale aquaculture operations to culture and harvest or for release into fresh, brackish or salt water.
- aquaculture recirculation managerESCO 2132.3This occupation is broader
Aquaculture recirculation managers control the production of aquatic organisms in land-based recirculation systems, manage water re-use processes and supervise complex circulation, aeration and biofilter systems.
- crop production managerESCO 6114.1This occupation is broader
Crop production managers plan the production, manage the enterprise and participate in the production process of crop production facilities.
- horticulture production managerESCO 6113.2This occupation is broader
Horticultural production managers plan the production, manage the enterprise and participate in the production
- vineyard managerESCO 6112.6This occupation is broader
Vineyard managers orchestrate the conduct of the vineyard and the winery, in some cases also the administration and marketing.
- mixed farmerESCO 6130.2Overlapping, not the same
Mixed farmers are responsible for managing all aspects of livestock and crop production as a small enterprise or for self-sufficiency.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| A1404 | Aquaculteur / Aquacultrice | This occupation is broader |
| A1407 | Eleveur / Eleveuse de bovins | This occupation is broader |
| A1408 | Eleveur / Eleveuse d'animaux sauvages | This occupation is broader |
| A1414 | Horticulteur / Horticultrice | This occupation is broader |
| A1416 | Exploitant / Exploitante agricole | This occupation is broader |
| A1420 | Chef / Cheffe de culture responsable d'unité de production agricole | This occupation is broader |
| A1424 | Pisciculteur / Piscicultrice | This occupation is broader |
| A1428 | Algoculteur / Algocultrice | This occupation is broader |
| A1429 | Apiculteur / Apicultrice | This occupation is broader |
| A1405 | Arboriculteur / Arboricultrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1409 | Aviculteur / Avicultrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1410 | Eleveur / Eleveuse d'ovins | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1411 | Eleveur / Eleveuse de porcins | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1432 | Osiériculteur / Osiéricultrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1433 | Maraîcher / Maraîchère | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1434 | Tabaculteur / Tabacultrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1437 | Champignonniste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1439 | Eleveur / Eleveuse d'équidés | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1440 | Cultivateur urbain / Cultivatrice urbaine | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1441 | Pépiniériste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1442 | Eleveur / Eleveuse de lapins | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| A1309 | Technicien / Technicienne d'élevage équin | Related, not a match |
| A1417 | Saliculteur / Salicultrice | Related, not a match |
| A1418 | Viticulteur / Viticultrice | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1311 | Directores de producción de explotaciones agropecuarias y forestales | Same scopeprovisional |
| 1312 | Directores de producción de explotaciones pesqueras y acuícolas | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 6110 | Trabajadores cualificados en actividades agrícolas (excepto en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 6202 | Trabajadores cualificados en actividades ganaderas de ovino y caprino | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 6203 | Trabajadores cualificados en actividades ganaderas de porcino | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 6204 | Trabajadores cualificados en apicultura y sericicultura | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 6300 | Trabajadores cualificados en actividades agropecuarias mixtas | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 11194 | Führungskräfte - Landwirtschaft | This occupation is broader |
| 11294 | Führungskräfte - Tierwirtschaft | This occupation is broader |
| 11494 | Führungskräfte - Fischwirtschaft | This occupation is broader |
| 12194 | Führungskräfte - Gartenbau | This occupation is broader |
| 11394 | Führungskräfte - Pferdewirtschaft | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 11694 | Führungskräfte - Weinbau | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 11794 | Führungskräfte - Forst- und Jagdwirtschaft, Landschaftspflege | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 11102 | Berufe in der Landwirtschaft (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 11193 | Aufsichtskräfte - Landwirtschaft | Related, not a match |
| 11602 | Berufe im Weinbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 11693 | Aufsichtskräfte - Weinbau | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 12112 | Berufe im Obst- und Gemüsebau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 12122 | Berufe in Baumschule, Staudengärtnerei und Zierpflanzenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 461 | 農耕従事者 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 462 | 養畜従事者 | Related, not a match |
| 484 | 水産養殖従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources