Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers

Management Occupations
O*NET-SOC code
11-9013.00

Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities.

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    Moderate· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value

    Source dataset (CSV download)

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.22–0.27· 2 ISCO-08 groups

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published

    Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
  • ISCO-08 1311Agricultural and Forestry Production Managers0.27
  • ISCO-08 1312Aquaculture and Fisheries Production Managers0.22

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

30 rated tasks · 22 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (73.3%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

  • Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
  • All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
Source
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release
gh-main-0471612
License
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations 11-9013.01 Nursery and Greenhouse Managers; 11-9013.02 Farm and Ranch Managers; 11-9013.03 Aquacultural Managers, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk

Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Identify environmental requirements of a particular species, and select and oversee the preparation of sites for species cultivation.

11-9013.03

0.008821.6
Plan crop activities based on factors such as crop maturity or weather conditions.

11-9013.02

0.006716.3
Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, or harvesting.

11-9013.02

0.00399.5
Explain and enforce safety regulations and policies.

11-9013.01

0.00317.5
Prepare reports required by state and federal laws.

11-9013.03

0.00307.3
Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns.

11-9013.01

0.00297.0
Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum conditions for aquatic life.

11-9013.03

0.00235.5
Change processes such as drying, grading, storing, or shipping to improve efficiency or profitability.

11-9013.02

0.00225.3
Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules.

11-9013.01

0.00174.3
Determine types and quantities of horticultural plants to be grown, based on budgets, projected sales volumes, or executive directives.

11-9013.01

0.00174.3
Identify plants as well as problems such as diseases, weeds, and insect pests.

11-9013.01

0.00153.8
Select and purchase seeds, plant nutrients, disease control chemicals, and garden and lawn care equipment.

11-9013.01

0.00153.8
Prepare budgets or financial reports for farm or ranch operations.

11-9013.02

0.00153.8
Not observed on any surface — 53 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research.
—0
Tour work areas to observe work being done, to inspect crops, and to evaluate plant and soil conditions.
—0
Assign work schedules and duties to nursery or greenhouse staff, and supervise their work.
—0
Apply pesticides and fertilizers to plants.
—0
Hire employees, and train them in gardening techniques.
—0
Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers.
—0
Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work.
—0
Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.
—0
Prepare soil for planting, and plant or transplant seeds, bulbs, and cuttings.
—0
Confer with horticultural personnel to plan facility renovations or additions.
—0
Cut and prune trees, shrubs, flowers, and plants.
—0
Construct structures and accessories such as greenhouses and benches.
—0
Negotiate contracts such as those for land leases or tree purchases.
—0
Graft plants.
—0
Determine types or quantities of crops or livestock to be raised, according to factors such as market conditions, federal programs or incentives, or soil conditions.
—0
Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement.
—0
Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for farm or ranch products.
—0
Hire, train, or supervise workers engaged in planting, cultivating, irrigating, harvesting, or marketing crops, or in raising livestock.
—0
Inspect farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, or roads, ordering repair or maintenance activities, as needed.
—0
Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches.
—0
Monitor activities such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, or grading to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards.
—0
Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock.
—0
Obtain financing necessary for purchases of machinery, land, supplies, or livestock.
—0
Select or purchase machinery, equipment, livestock, or supplies, such as seed, feed, fertilizer, or chemicals.
—0
Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads.
—0
Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations.
—0
Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production.
—0
Demonstrate or explain working techniques, practices, or safety regulations to farm or ranch workers.
—0
Inspect farm or ranch equipment to ensure proper functioning.
—0
Inspect orchards or fields to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation.
—0
Monitor pasture or grazing land use to ensure that livestock are properly fed or that conservation methods, such as rotational grazing, are used.
—0
Operate or oversee the operations of dairy farms that produce bulk milk.
—0
Buy or sell futures contracts or price farm products in advance of future sales to minimize risk or maximize profits.
—0
Direct livestock or crop waste recycling operations.
—0
Monitor and adjust irrigation systems to distribute water according to crop needs and to avoid wasting water.
—0
Plan and direct development or production of hardier or higher-yield hybrid plant varieties.
—0
Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields.
—0
Grow fish and shellfish as cash crops or for release into freshwater or saltwater.
—0
Supervise and train aquaculture and fish hatchery support workers.
—0
Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data.
—0
Conduct and supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites.
—0
Account for and disburse funds.
—0
Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries.
—0
Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques.
—0
Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock.
—0
Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks.
—0
Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, and facility maintenance.
—0
Collect information regarding techniques for fish collection and fertilization, spawn incubation, and treatment of spawn and fry.
—0
Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.
—0
Operate and maintain cultivating and harvesting equipment.
—0
Confer with biologists, fish pathologists, and other fishery personnel to obtain data concerning fish habits, diseases, food, and environmental requirements.
—0
Scuba dive to inspect sea farm operations.
—0
Design and construct pens, floating stations, and collector strings or fences for sea farms.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)Type
Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data.Core
Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research.Core
Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques.Core
Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks.Core
Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.Core
Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules.Core
Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries.Core
Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers.Core
Prepare reports required by state and federal laws.Core
Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work.Core
Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches.Core
Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.Core
Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement.Core
Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock.Core
Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock.Core
Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production.Core
Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns.Core
Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations.Core
Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads.Core
Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields.Supplemental
Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation.—
Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites.—
Determine types or quantities of crops, plants, or livestock to be grown and raised, based on budgets, federal incentives, market conditions, executive directives, projected sales volumes, or soil conditions.—
Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety.—
Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting.—
Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for products.—
Hire, supervise, and train support workers.—
Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards.—
Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life.—
Obtain financing for and purchase necessary machinery, land, supplies, or livestock.—

Occupation information

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025
789K
Projected employment, 2035
762K
Change (2025–35)
-3.4%
Median annual wage, 2025
$89,900
Typical education needed for entry
High school diploma or equivalent
lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO codeKSCO titleRelationStatus
14901농림어업 관련 관리자This occupation is broaderconfirmed
61110곡식작물 재배원This occupation is broaderconfirmed
61130과수작물 재배원This occupation is broaderconfirmed
61121채소작물 재배원Related, not a matchconfirmed
61122특용작물 재배원Related, not a matchconfirmed
61311젖소 사육원Related, not a matchconfirmed
63012해조류 양식원Related, not a matchreviewed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

  • ISCO-08 1311Agricultural and Forestry Production Managers
  • ISCO-08 1312Aquaculture and Fisheries Production Managers

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

  • aquaculture hatchery managerESCO 6221.3This occupation is broader

    Aquaculture hatchery managers plan, direct, and coordinate the production in large-scale aquaculture operations to breed fish and shellfish, developing aquaculture breeding strategies using various types of spawning techniques. They control the reproduction and the early life cycle stages of cultured species. They supervise incubation, early feeding and rearing techniques of the cultured species.

  • aquaculture mooring managerESCO 6221.8This occupation is broader

    Aquaculture mooring managers carry out and supervise the mooring of cages in stable stations, drifting cages or even self-propelled and semi-submerged cages. They safely operate and moor a variety of different types of large-scale cages, manage conditions such as currents, wave climate and seabed profile, in open or semi-open water areas.

  • aquaculture production managerESCO 1312.3This occupation is broader

    Aquaculture production managers plan, direct and coordinate the production of fish, shellfish or other forms of aquatic life such as cash crops, in large-scale aquaculture operations to culture and harvest or for release into fresh, brackish or salt water.

  • aquaculture recirculation managerESCO 2132.3This occupation is broader

    Aquaculture recirculation managers control the production of aquatic organisms in land-based recirculation systems, manage water re-use processes and supervise complex circulation, aeration and biofilter systems.

  • crop production managerESCO 6114.1This occupation is broader

    Crop production managers plan the production, manage the enterprise and participate in the production process of crop production facilities.

  • horticulture production managerESCO 6113.2This occupation is broader

    Horticultural production managers plan the production, manage the enterprise and participate in the production

  • vineyard managerESCO 6112.6This occupation is broader

    Vineyard managers orchestrate the conduct of the vineyard and the winery, in some cases also the  administration and marketing.

  • mixed farmerESCO 6130.2Overlapping, not the same

    Mixed farmers are responsible for managing all aspects of livestock and crop production as a small enterprise or for self-sufficiency.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME codeROME title (French)Relation
A1404Aquaculteur / AquacultriceThis occupation is broader
A1407Eleveur / Eleveuse de bovinsThis occupation is broader
A1408Eleveur / Eleveuse d'animaux sauvagesThis occupation is broader
A1414Horticulteur / HorticultriceThis occupation is broader
A1416Exploitant / Exploitante agricoleThis occupation is broader
A1420Chef / Cheffe de culture responsable d'unité de production agricoleThis occupation is broader
A1424Pisciculteur / PiscicultriceThis occupation is broader
A1428Algoculteur / AlgocultriceThis occupation is broader
A1429Apiculteur / ApicultriceThis occupation is broader
A1405Arboriculteur / ArboricultriceThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1409Aviculteur / AvicultriceThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1410Eleveur / Eleveuse d'ovinsThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1411Eleveur / Eleveuse de porcinsThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1432Osiériculteur / OsiéricultriceThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1433Maraîcher / MaraîchèreThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1434Tabaculteur / TabacultriceThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1437ChampignonnisteThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1439Eleveur / Eleveuse d'équidésThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1440Cultivateur urbain / Cultivatrice urbaineThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1441PépiniéristeThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1442Eleveur / Eleveuse de lapinsThis occupation is broaderprovisional
A1309Technicien / Technicienne d'élevage équinRelated, not a match
A1417Saliculteur / SalicultriceRelated, not a match
A1418Viticulteur / ViticultriceRelated, not a match

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 codeCNO-11 title (Spanish)Relation
1311Directores de producción de explotaciones agropecuarias y forestalesSame scopeprovisional
1312Directores de producción de explotaciones pesqueras y acuícolasThis occupation is broaderprovisional
6110Trabajadores cualificados en actividades agrícolas (excepto en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines)Related, not a matchprovisional
6202Trabajadores cualificados en actividades ganaderas de ovino y caprinoRelated, not a matchprovisional
6203Trabajadores cualificados en actividades ganaderas de porcinoRelated, not a matchprovisional
6204Trabajadores cualificados en apicultura y sericiculturaRelated, not a matchprovisional
6300Trabajadores cualificados en actividades agropecuarias mixtasRelated, not a matchprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB codeKldB title (German)Relation
11194Führungskräfte - LandwirtschaftThis occupation is broader
11294Führungskräfte - TierwirtschaftThis occupation is broader
11494Führungskräfte - FischwirtschaftThis occupation is broader
12194Führungskräfte - GartenbauThis occupation is broader
11394Führungskräfte - PferdewirtschaftThis occupation is broaderprovisional
11694Führungskräfte - WeinbauThis occupation is broaderprovisional
11794Führungskräfte - Forst- und Jagdwirtschaft, LandschaftspflegeThis occupation is broaderprovisional
11102Berufe in der Landwirtschaft (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete TätigkeitenOverlapping, not the same
11193Aufsichtskräfte - LandwirtschaftRelated, not a match
11602Berufe im Weinbau - fachlich ausgerichtete TätigkeitenRelated, not a matchprovisional
11693Aufsichtskräfte - WeinbauRelated, not a matchprovisional
12112Berufe im Obst- und Gemüsebau - fachlich ausgerichtete TätigkeitenRelated, not a matchprovisional
12122Berufe in Baumschule, Staudengärtnerei und Zierpflanzenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete TätigkeitenRelated, not a matchprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO codeJSCO title (Japanese)Relation
461農耕従事者Overlapping, not the same
462養畜従事者Related, not a match
484水産養殖従事者Related, not a match

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources