Medical and Health Services Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-9111.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.066
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.34–0.36· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 1342Health Service Managers0.36
- ISCO-08 1343Aged Care Service Managers0.34
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only18 rated tasks · 15 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (83.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel.O*NET Task ID 46 | 0.5 |
Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed.O*NET Task ID 47 | 0.5 |
Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel.O*NET Task ID 48 | 0.5 |
Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports.O*NET Task ID 49 | 0.5 |
Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit.O*NET Task ID 50 | 0.5 |
Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.O*NET Task ID 51 | 0.5 |
Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability.O*NET Task ID 52 | 0.5 |
Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services.O*NET Task ID 54 | 0.5 |
Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options.O*NET Task ID 55 | 0.5 |
Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.O*NET Task ID 56 | 0.5 |
Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives.O*NET Task ID 57 | 0.5 |
Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff.O*NET Task ID 58 | 0.5 |
Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.O*NET Task ID 61 | 0.5 |
Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health.O*NET Task ID 62 | 0.5 |
Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs.O*NET Task ID 63 | 0.5 |
Maintain communication between governing boards, medical staff, and department heads by attending board meetings and coordinating interdepartmental functioning.O*NET Task ID 53 | 0.0 |
Consult with medical, business, and community groups to discuss service problems, respond to community needs, enhance public relations, coordinate activities and plans, and promote health programs.O*NET Task ID 59 | 0.0 |
Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations.O*NET Task ID 60 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (18)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel. | Core |
| Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed. | Core |
| Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel. | Core |
| Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports. | Core |
| Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit. | Core |
| Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting. | Core |
| Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability. | Core |
| Maintain communication between governing boards, medical staff, and department heads by attending board meetings and coordinating interdepartmental functioning. | Core |
| Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services. | Core |
| Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options. | Core |
| Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care. | Core |
| Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives. | Core |
| Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff. | Core |
| Consult with medical, business, and community groups to discuss service problems, respond to community needs, enhance public relations, coordinate activities and plans, and promote health programs. | Core |
| Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization. | Core |
| Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health. | Core |
| Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs. | Core |
| Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 640K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 796K
- Change (2025–35)
- +24.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $123,860
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13310 | 보건 의료 관련 관리자 | Same scope | confirmed |
| 24970 | 환자안전 관리사 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1342Health Service Managers
- ISCO-08 1343Aged Care Service Managers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- healthcare institution managerESCO 1342.2Same scope
Healthcare institution managers supervise the operations of healthcare institutions, such as hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, home care services and elderly care institutions to ensure the organisation meets requirements, the patients and residents are cared for, the organisation is maintained and the necessary equipment present. They also supervise the staff and ensure record maintenance.
- elderly home managerESCO 1343.1This occupation is broader
Elderly home managers oversee, plan, organise and evaluate the provision of elderly care services for people who are in need of these services due to the effects of ageing. They manage the elderly care home and supervise the activities of the staff.
- medical practice managerESCO 3344.3Overlapping, not the same
Medical practice managers manage the day-to-day operations of a medical practice. They oversee the staff and business side of the practice.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1509 | Responsable de secteur coordinateur / Responsable de secteur coordinatrice | This occupation is broader |
| K1415 | Directeur / Directrice d'établissement privé de santé | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1421 | Directeur / Directrice de centre hospitalier | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1212 | Gestionnaire de lits | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| J1502 | Cadre de santé d'unité de soins ou de service paramédical | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| J1204 | Directeur / Directrice de laboratoire d'analyses de biologie médicale | Related, not a match |
| H1105 | Chef de projets santé / Cheffe de projets santé | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1403 | Directeur / Directrice d'établissement pour personnes âgées | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1323 | Directores-gerentes de centros sanitarios | Same scopeprovisional |
| 1324 | Directores de servicios sociales para personas mayores | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81394 | Führungskräfte - Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege, Rettungsdienst und Geburtshilfe | This occupation is broader |
| 81494 | Führungskräfte - Human- und Zahnmedizin | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 82194 | Führungskräfte - Altenpflege | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 73224 | Verwaltende Berufe im Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 73294 | Führungskräfte - Verwaltung | Related, not a match |
| 73223 | Verwaltende Berufe im Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 81294 | Führungskräfte - Medizinisches Laboratorium | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 81594 | Führungskräfte - Tiermedizin und Tierheilkunde | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 121 | 医師 | Related, not a match |
| 039 | その他の法人・団体管理職員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources