Social and Community Service Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-9151.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.181
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only16 rated tasks · 12 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (75.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Prepare and maintain records and reports, such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals.11-9151.00 | 0.005646.2 | —0 |
Research and analyze member or community needs to determine program directions and goals.11-9151.00 | 0.004637.6 | 0.005057.3 |
Evaluate the work of staff and volunteers to ensure that programs are of appropriate quality and that resources are used effectively.11-9151.00 | 0.002016.2 | 0.003742.7 |
| Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Establish and maintain relationships with other agencies and organizations in community to meet community needs and to ensure that services are not duplicated. | —0 | —0 |
Direct activities of professional and technical staff members and volunteers. | —0 | —0 |
Establish and oversee administrative procedures to meet objectives set by boards of directors or senior management. | —0 | —0 |
Participate in the determination of organizational policies regarding such issues as participant eligibility, program requirements, and program benefits. | —0 | —0 |
Speak to community groups to explain and interpret agency purposes, programs, and policies. | —0 | —0 |
Recruit, interview, and hire or sign up volunteers and staff. | —0 | —0 |
Represent organizations in relations with governmental and media institutions. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and administer budgets for programs, equipment, and support services. | —0 | —0 |
Act as consultants to agency staff and other community programs regarding the interpretation of program-related federal, state, and county regulations and policies. | —0 | —0 |
Provide direct service and support to individuals or clients, such as handling a referral for child advocacy issues, conducting a needs evaluation, or resolving complaints. | —0 | —0 |
Implement and evaluate staff, volunteer, or community training programs. | —0 | —0 |
Analyze proposed legislation, regulations, or rule changes to determine how agency services could be impacted. | —0 | —0 |
Direct fundraising activities and the preparation of public relations materials. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare and maintain records and reports, such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals.O*NET Task ID 1128 | 1.0 |
Evaluate the work of staff and volunteers to ensure that programs are of appropriate quality and that resources are used effectively.O*NET Task ID 1130 | 0.5 |
Establish and oversee administrative procedures to meet objectives set by boards of directors or senior management.O*NET Task ID 1131 | 0.5 |
Participate in the determination of organizational policies regarding such issues as participant eligibility, program requirements, and program benefits.O*NET Task ID 1132 | 0.5 |
Research and analyze member or community needs to determine program directions and goals.O*NET Task ID 1133 | 0.5 |
Recruit, interview, and hire or sign up volunteers and staff.O*NET Task ID 1135 | 0.5 |
Represent organizations in relations with governmental and media institutions.O*NET Task ID 1136 | 0.5 |
Plan and administer budgets for programs, equipment, and support services.O*NET Task ID 1137 | 0.5 |
Analyze proposed legislation, regulations, or rule changes to determine how agency services could be impacted.O*NET Task ID 1138 | 0.5 |
Act as consultants to agency staff and other community programs regarding the interpretation of program-related federal, state, and county regulations and policies.O*NET Task ID 1139 | 0.5 |
Direct fundraising activities and the preparation of public relations materials.O*NET Task ID 1141 | 0.5 |
Implement and evaluate staff, volunteer, or community training programs.O*NET Task ID 18464 | 0.5 |
Establish and maintain relationships with other agencies and organizations in community to meet community needs and to ensure that services are not duplicated.O*NET Task ID 1127 | 0.0 |
Direct activities of professional and technical staff members and volunteers.O*NET Task ID 1129 | 0.0 |
Speak to community groups to explain and interpret agency purposes, programs, and policies.O*NET Task ID 1134 | 0.0 |
Provide direct service and support to individuals or clients, such as handling a referral for child advocacy issues, conducting a needs evaluation, or resolving complaints.O*NET Task ID 18463 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and maintain relationships with other agencies and organizations in community to meet community needs and to ensure that services are not duplicated. | Core |
| Prepare and maintain records and reports, such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals. | Core |
| Direct activities of professional and technical staff members and volunteers. | Core |
| Evaluate the work of staff and volunteers to ensure that programs are of appropriate quality and that resources are used effectively. | Core |
| Establish and oversee administrative procedures to meet objectives set by boards of directors or senior management. | Core |
| Participate in the determination of organizational policies regarding such issues as participant eligibility, program requirements, and program benefits. | Core |
| Research and analyze member or community needs to determine program directions and goals. | Core |
| Speak to community groups to explain and interpret agency purposes, programs, and policies. | Core |
| Recruit, interview, and hire or sign up volunteers and staff. | Core |
| Act as consultants to agency staff and other community programs regarding the interpretation of program-related federal, state, and county regulations and policies. | Core |
| Provide direct service and support to individuals or clients, such as handling a referral for child advocacy issues, conducting a needs evaluation, or resolving complaints. | Core |
| Implement and evaluate staff, volunteer, or community training programs. | Core |
| Represent organizations in relations with governmental and media institutions. | Supplemental |
| Plan and administer budgets for programs, equipment, and support services. | Supplemental |
| Analyze proposed legislation, regulations, or rule changes to determine how agency services could be impacted. | Supplemental |
| Direct fundraising activities and the preparation of public relations materials. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 231K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 248K
- Change (2025–35)
- +7.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $80,390
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13320 | 사회복지 관련 관리자 | Same scope | confirmed |
| 37250 | 자원봉사 관리원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1344Social Welfare Managers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Social welfare managers plan, direct and coordinate the provision of social and community service programmes such as income support, family assistance, children’s services and other community programmes and services.
Tasks
- (a) providing overall direction and management for a service, facility, organization or centre;
- (b) developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and standards for staff;
- (c) monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of welfare, housing, and other social services;
- (d) controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
- (e) liaising with other welfare and health services providers, boards and funding bodies to discuss areas of health and welfare service cooperation and coordination;
- (f) advising government bodies about measures to improve welfare services and facilities;
- (g) representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums;
- (h) establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;
- (i) establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
- (j) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Example occupations
Community centre manager · Family services manager · Housing services manager · Welfare centre manager
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- social services managerESCO 1344.1Same scope
Social services managers have the responsibility for strategic and operational leadership and management of staff teams and resources within and or across social services. They are responsible for the implementation of legislation and policies relating to, for example, decisions about vulnerable people. They promote social work and social care values and ethics, equality and diversity, and relevant codes guiding practice. They are responsible for liaising with other professionals in criminal justice, education and health. They can be responsible for contributing to local and national policy development.
- cultural policy officerESCO 2422.10.3This occupation is broader
Cultural policy officers develop and implement policies to improve and promote cultural activities and events. They manage resources and communicate with the public and media in order to facilitate interest in cultural programs and emphasize their importance in a community.
- enterprise development workerESCO 2635.3.12This occupation is broader
Enterprise development workers support enterprises in solving big social problems by liaising with communities and customers. They strive to improve the productivity of employees and the health of their families by focusing on the work-life balance.
- humanitarian advisorESCO 2422.6This occupation is broader
Humanitarian advisors ensure strategies to reduce the impact of humanitarian crises on a national and/or international level. They provide professional advice and support and this in collaboration with different partners.
- public housing managerESCO 1344.1.1This occupation is broader
Public housing managers develop strategies for the improvement of housing policy in a community, as well as providing social housing to those in need. They identify housing needs and issues, and supervise resource allocation. They also communicate with organisations involved in building public housing facilities, and social service organisations.
- social security administratorESCO 1213.2.1This occupation is broader
Social security administrators direct and develop government-provided social security programmes in order to aid public welfare, as well as promote social security programmes. They supervise staff working in governmental social security, and investigate existing policies in order to assess issues and develop improvement proposals.
- social work supervisorESCO 2635.3.23This occupation is broader
Social work supervisors manage social work cases by investigating alleged neglect or abuse cases. They make family dynamics assessment and provide assistance to sick people or with emotional or mental disorders. They train, assist, advise, evaluate and assign work to subordinate social workers making sure that all work is done according to the established policies, laws, procedures and priorities.
- youth centre managerESCO 1344.1.2This occupation is broader
Youth centre managers plan and supervise the operations of children and youth homes which provide care and counselling services. They assess the needs for youths in the community, develop and implement pedagogical methods, and develop programs for the improvement of youth care in the centre.
- youth programme directorESCO 1344.1.3This occupation is broader
Youth programme directors develop and implement programmes and policies to improve and ensure youths' well-being. They facilitate communication with and between educational, recreational, counselling or other youth related institutions, organise events for youths and families, and promote social mobility and awareness.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1416 | Directeur / Directrice des services pénitentiaires d'insertion et de probation (DSPIP) | This occupation is broader |
| K1817 | Coordinateur / Coordinatrice de projet de solidarité | This occupation is broader |
| K1209 | Coordonnateur / Coordonnatrice de projet socioéducatif | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1218 | Responsable de maison de quartier | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1219 | Directeur / Directrice de centre socioculturel | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1222 | Coordinateur / Coordinatrice d'équipes de médiation | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1230 | Coordonnateur / Coordonnatrice de service social | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1409 | Chef / Cheffe de service socioéducatif | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1413 | Directeur / Directrice d'établissement à caractère social | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| C1123 | Chef / Cheffe de service de la sécurité sociale | Related, not a match |
| K1808 | Chargé / Chargée de développement culturel | Related, not a match |
| M1713 | Responsable d'associations de patients en industrie pharmaceutique | Related, not a match |
| K1407 | Directeur / Directrice d'établissement médicosocial | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1424 | Directeur / Directrice d'association | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1805 | Chargé / Chargée de développement social | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1325 | Directores de otros servicios sociales | Same scope |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 83194 | Führungskräfte - Erziehung, Sozialarbeit, Heilerziehungspflege | This occupation is narrower |
| 73214 | Berufe in der Sozialverwaltung und -versicherung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 039 | その他の法人・団体管理職員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 161 | 福祉相談指導専門員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 162 | 福祉施設指導専門員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources