Appraisers of Personal and Business Property
Business and Financial Operations Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 13-2022.00
Appraise and estimate the fair value of tangible personal or business property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment. May also appraise land.
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.45
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
- Data source: OpenAIPublished: 2023
0.571
0.000Range of values carried here0.844Scale, basis and source
Task-level exposure
14 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Determine the appropriate type of valuation to make, such as fair market, replacement, or liquidation, based on the needs of the property owner.O*NET Task ID 21537 | 1.0 |
Write descriptions of the property being appraised.O*NET Task ID 21548 | 1.0 |
Calculate the value of property based on comparisons to recent sales, estimated cost to reproduce, and anticipated property income streams.O*NET Task ID 21535 | 0.5 |
Create and maintain a database of completed appraisals.O*NET Task ID 21536 | 0.5 |
Document physical characteristics of property such as measurements, quality, and design.O*NET Task ID 21538 | 0.5 |
Forecast the value of property.O*NET Task ID 21539 | 0.5 |
Inspect personal or business property.O*NET Task ID 21540 | 0.5 |
Locate and record data on sales of comparable property using specialized software, internet searches, or personal records.O*NET Task ID 21541 | 0.5 |
Recommend loan amounts based on the value of property being used as collateral.O*NET Task ID 21542 | 0.5 |
Take photographs of property.O*NET Task ID 21543 | 0.5 |
Testify in court as to the value of a piece of tangible property.O*NET Task ID 21544 | 0.5 |
Update appraisals when property has been improved, damaged, or has otherwise changed.O*NET Task ID 21545 | 0.5 |
Verify that property matches legal descriptions or certifications.O*NET Task ID 21546 | 0.5 |
Write and submit appraisal reports for property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment.O*NET Task ID 21547 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (14)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Calculate the value of property based on comparisons to recent sales, estimated cost to reproduce, and anticipated property income streams. | Core |
| Create and maintain a database of completed appraisals. | Core |
| Determine the appropriate type of valuation to make, such as fair market, replacement, or liquidation, based on the needs of the property owner. | Core |
| Document physical characteristics of property such as measurements, quality, and design. | Core |
| Forecast the value of property. | Core |
| Inspect personal or business property. | Core |
| Locate and record data on sales of comparable property using specialized software, internet searches, or personal records. | Core |
| Take photographs of property. | Core |
| Testify in court as to the value of a piece of tangible property. | Core |
| Update appraisals when property has been improved, damaged, or has otherwise changed. | Core |
| Verify that property matches legal descriptions or certifications. | Core |
| Write and submit appraisal reports for property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment. | Core |
| Write descriptions of the property being appraised. | Core |
| Recommend loan amounts based on the value of property being used as collateral. | Supplemental |
0.17/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Document physical characteristics of property such as measurements, quality, and design. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect personal or business property. | E0 none |
| Take photographs of property. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Verify that property matches legal descriptions or certifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
The BLS Employment Projections table has no row for SOC 13-2022.
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28412 | 예술품 및 문화재 감정 전문가 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28419 | 동산 및 기타 감정 전문가 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28442 | 예술품 중개인 및 경매사 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3315Valuers and Loss Assessors
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Valuers and loss assessors value property and various goods and assess losses covered by insurance policies.
Tasks
- (a) determining the quality or value of raw materials, real estate, industrial equipment, personal and household effects, works of art, gems and other objects;
- (b) assessing the extent of damage or loss and liabilities of insurance companies and underwriters for losses covered by insurance policies;
- (c) obtaining records of sales and value of similar items or property;
- (d) inspecting items or property to evaluate condition, size and construction;
- (e) preparing reports of value, outlining the estimation factors and methods used.
Example occupations
Appraiser · Claims assessor · Claims inspector · Insurance assessor · Real estate appraiser · Valuer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- personal property appraiserESCO 3315.6Same scope
Personal property appraisers undertake detailed analysis and investigation of personal items such as books, wine, arts and antiques in order to determine their value for sales and insurance purposes. They assess the value of the items, taking into account the age, current condition, quality and if any repairs are required. Personal property appraisers prepare appraisal reports.
- gemmologistESCO 3315.2Overlapping, not the same
Gemmologists value precious stones by analysing their characteristics, cut, and provenience either for trading or for further polishing efforts. They asses stones and gems to give them a market value.
- property appraiserESCO 3315.7Overlapping, not the same
Property appraisers undertake detailed analysis and investigation of properties in order to determine their value for sales, mortgage and insurance purposes. They compare the value of properties taking into account the age, actual state of property, its quality, repairs needed and overall sustainability. Property appraisers make an inventory of fixtures, compose a schedule of condition of property and prepare appraisal reports for both commercial and residential properties.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1907 | Commissaire-priseur / Commissaire-priseure | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| D1201 | Brocanteur / Brocanteuse | Related, not a match |
| B1607 | Lapidaire - Diamantaire | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| C1110 | Souscripteur / Souscriptrice en assurances | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| D1227 | Acheteur vendeur / Acheteuse vendeuse d'or, de métaux précieux | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3405 | Tasadores | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 94724 | Kunstsachverständige - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 61132 | Handelsmakler/innen und Auktionatoren/Auktionatorinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 11123 | Landwirtschaftliche Sachverständige - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 249 | 他に分類されない専門的職業従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 334 | 質屋店主・店員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources