Web Developers
Computer and Mathematical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 15-1254.00
Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.480
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.53–0.60· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2513Web and Multimedia Developers0.60
- ISCO-08 3514Web Technicians0.53
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only29 rated tasks · 29 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 15-1134.00 Web Developers, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.15-1134.00 | 1.185743.0 |
Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites.15-1134.00 | 0.600921.8 |
Write, design, or edit Web page content, or direct others producing content.15-1134.00 | 0.320911.7 |
Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems.15-1134.00 | 0.14105.1 |
Maintain understanding of current Web technologies or programming practices through continuing education, reading, or participation in professional conferences, workshops, or groups.15-1134.00 | 0.09353.4 |
Develop Web site maps, application models, image templates, or page templates that meet project goals, user needs, or industry standards.15-1134.00 | 0.07042.6 |
Provide clear, detailed descriptions of Web site specifications, such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware.15-1134.00 | 0.05622.0 |
Collaborate with management or users to develop e-commerce strategies and to integrate these strategies with Web sites.15-1134.00 | 0.05321.9 |
Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software.15-1134.00 | 0.05151.9 |
Develop and document style guidelines for Web site content.15-1134.00 | 0.04611.7 |
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing Web site revision.15-1134.00 | 0.04231.5 |
Design and implement Web site security measures, such as firewalls or message encryption.15-1134.00 | 0.02070.8 |
Develop system interaction or sequence diagrams.15-1134.00 | 0.01970.7 |
Identify or maintain links to and from other Web sites and check links to ensure proper functioning.15-1134.00 | 0.01030.4 |
Develop databases that support Web applications and Web sites.15-1134.00 | 0.01020.4 |
Monitor security system performance logs to identify problems and notify security specialists when problems occur.15-1134.00 | 0.00560.2 |
Confer with management or development teams to prioritize needs, resolve conflicts, develop content criteria, or choose solutions.15-1134.00 | 0.00480.2 |
Select programming languages, design tools, or applications.15-1134.00 | 0.00470.2 |
Create web models or prototypes that include physical, interface, logical, or data models.15-1134.00 | 0.00360.1 |
Research, document, rate, or select alternatives for Web architecture or technologies.15-1134.00 | 0.00330.1 |
Install and configure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) servers and associated operating systems.15-1134.00 | 0.00330.1 |
Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems.15-1134.00 | 0.00250.1 |
Respond to user email inquiries, or set up automated systems to send responses.15-1134.00 | 0.00210.1 |
Create searchable indices for Web page content.15-1134.00 | 0.00200.1 |
| Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Perform or direct Web site updates. | —0 |
Identify problems uncovered by testing or customer feedback, and correct problems or refer problems to appropriate personnel for correction. | —0 |
Analyze user needs to determine technical requirements. | —0 |
Develop or validate test routines and schedules to ensure that test cases mimic external interfaces and address all browser and device types. | —0 |
Renew domain name registrations. | —0 |
Communicate with network personnel or Web site hosting agencies to address hardware or software issues affecting Web sites. | —0 |
Perform Web site tests according to planned schedules, or after any Web site or product revision. | —0 |
Incorporate technical considerations into Web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, or legal issues including accessibility and privacy. | —0 |
Establish appropriate server directory trees. | —0 |
Recommend and implement performance improvements. | —0 |
Register Web sites with search engines to increase Web site traffic. | —0 |
Document test plans, testing procedures, or test results. | —0 |
Document technical factors such as server load, bandwidth, database performance, and browser and device types. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.O*NET Task ID 14694 | 1.0 |
Perform or direct Web site updates.O*NET Task ID 14695 | 1.0 |
Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems.O*NET Task ID 14698 | 1.0 |
Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems.O*NET Task ID 14700 | 1.0 |
Analyze user needs to determine technical requirements.O*NET Task ID 14702 | 1.0 |
Develop databases that support Web applications and Web sites.O*NET Task ID 14704 | 1.0 |
Renew domain name registrations.O*NET Task ID 14705 | 1.0 |
Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites.O*NET Task ID 14707 | 1.0 |
Communicate with network personnel or Web site hosting agencies to address hardware or software issues affecting Web sites.O*NET Task ID 14708 | 1.0 |
Perform Web site tests according to planned schedules, or after any Web site or product revision.O*NET Task ID 14710 | 1.0 |
Select programming languages, design tools, or applications.O*NET Task ID 14711 | 1.0 |
Respond to user email inquiries, or set up automated systems to send responses.O*NET Task ID 14713 | 1.0 |
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing Web site revision.O*NET Task ID 14714 | 1.0 |
Establish appropriate server directory trees.O*NET Task ID 14717 | 1.0 |
Recommend and implement performance improvements.O*NET Task ID 14719 | 1.0 |
Provide clear, detailed descriptions of Web site specifications, such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware.O*NET Task ID 14722 | 1.0 |
Create Web models or prototypes that include physical, interface, logical, or data models.O*NET Task ID 14724 | 1.0 |
Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software.O*NET Task ID 14725 | 1.0 |
Document test plans, testing procedures, or test results.O*NET Task ID 14726 | 1.0 |
Research, document, rate, or select alternatives for Web architecture or technologies.O*NET Task ID 14727 | 1.0 |
Document technical factors such as server load, bandwidth, database performance, and browser and device types.O*NET Task ID 14728 | 1.0 |
Install and configure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) servers and associated operating systems.O*NET Task ID 14729 | 1.0 |
Develop system interaction or sequence diagrams.O*NET Task ID 14730 | 1.0 |
Design and implement Web site security measures, such as firewalls and message encryption.O*NET Task ID 21683 | 1.0 |
Incorporate technical considerations into Web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, and legal issues including accessibility and privacy.O*NET Task ID 21684 | 1.0 |
Confer with management or development teams to prioritize needs, resolve conflicts, develop content criteria, or choose solutions.O*NET Task ID 14697 | 0.5 |
Maintain understanding of current Web technologies or programming practices through continuing education, reading, or participation in professional conferences, workshops, or groups.O*NET Task ID 14701 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with management or users to develop e-commerce strategies and to integrate these strategies with Web sites.O*NET Task ID 14706 | 0.5 |
Monitor security system performance logs to identify problems and notify security specialists when problems occur.O*NET Task ID 14723 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (29)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media. | Core |
| Perform or direct Web site updates. | Core |
| Confer with management or development teams to prioritize needs, resolve conflicts, develop content criteria, or choose solutions. | Core |
| Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems. | Core |
| Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems. | Core |
| Maintain understanding of current Web technologies or programming practices through continuing education, reading, or participation in professional conferences, workshops, or groups. | Core |
| Analyze user needs to determine technical requirements. | Core |
| Develop databases that support Web applications and Web sites. | Core |
| Renew domain name registrations. | Core |
| Collaborate with management or users to develop e-commerce strategies and to integrate these strategies with Web sites. | Core |
| Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites. | Core |
| Communicate with network personnel or Web site hosting agencies to address hardware or software issues affecting Web sites. | Core |
| Perform Web site tests according to planned schedules, or after any Web site or product revision. | Core |
| Select programming languages, design tools, or applications. | Core |
| Respond to user email inquiries, or set up automated systems to send responses. | Core |
| Develop or implement procedures for ongoing Web site revision. | Core |
| Establish appropriate server directory trees. | Core |
| Recommend and implement performance improvements. | Core |
| Provide clear, detailed descriptions of Web site specifications, such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware. | Core |
| Create Web models or prototypes that include physical, interface, logical, or data models. | Core |
| Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software. | Core |
| Document test plans, testing procedures, or test results. | Core |
| Document technical factors such as server load, bandwidth, database performance, and browser and device types. | Core |
| Monitor security system performance logs to identify problems and notify security specialists when problems occur. | Supplemental |
| Research, document, rate, or select alternatives for Web architecture or technologies. | Supplemental |
| Install and configure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) servers and associated operating systems. | Supplemental |
| Develop system interaction or sequence diagrams. | Supplemental |
| Design and implement Web site security measures, such as firewalls and message encryption. | — |
| Incorporate technical considerations into Web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, and legal issues including accessibility and privacy. | — |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 87K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 91K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $92,650
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22242 | 웹 프로그래머 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2513Web and Multimedia Developers
- ISCO-08 3514Web Technicians
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- web developerESCO 2513.5Same scope
Web developers develop, implement and document web-accessible software based on the designs provided. They align the client's web presence with its business strategy, troubleshoot software problems and issues and look for ways to improve the application.
- webmasterESCO 3514.1Overlapping, not the same
Webmasters deploy, maintain, monitor and support a web server to meet service requirements. They ensure optimum system integrity, security, backup and performance. They coordinate the content, quality and style of websites, execute the website strategy and update and add new features to websites.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1855 | Développeur / Développeuse web | Same scopeprovisional |
| M1887 | Product builder no code | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1834 | Administrateur / Administratrice de site internet | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1837 | Développeur / Développeuse multimédia | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2713 | Analistas, programadores y diseñadores Web y multimedia | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3814 | Técnicos de la Web | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 43153 | Berufe in der Medieninformatik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 43152 | Berufe in der Medieninformatik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 43154 | Berufe in der Medieninformatik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 104 | ソフトウェア作成者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 224 | デザイナー | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Recent Changes Related to This Occupation
Summaries and relation labels are AI Changing Work's own; check any figures against the linked source.
Related Frank et al. (arXiv, Jan 2026): unemployment risk in computer and math occupations (SOC 15), which include web developers, began rising in early 2022, before ChatGPT. Graduate cohorts from 2021 onward entered AI-exposed jobs at lower rates than earlier cohorts, with the gap opening before late 2022, pointing to forces that predate generative AI.
[Source: Frank et al. (2026) arXiv:2601.02554]
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources