Landscape Architects

Architecture and Engineering Occupations

O*NET-SOC code: 17-1012.00

Plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

19 rated tasks · 16 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (84.2%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentation to generate new work opportunities. 17-1012.00	0.019658.7	0.0054100.0
Prepare graphic representations or drawings of proposed plans or designs. 17-1012.00	0.005516.5	—0
Develop planting plans for clients to assist them to garden productively or achieve particular aesthetic effects. 17-1012.00	0.004413.2	—0
Prepare site plans, specifications, or cost estimates for land development. 17-1012.00	0.003911.7	—0
Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Collaborate with architects or related professionals on whole building design to maximize the aesthetic features of structures or surrounding land and to improve energy efficiency.	—0	—0
Create landscapes that minimize water consumption such as by incorporating drought-resistant grasses or indigenous plants.	—0	—0
Design and integrate rainwater harvesting or gray and reclaimed water systems to conserve water into building or land designs.	—0	—0
Identify and select appropriate sustainable materials for use in landscape designs, such as using recycled wood or recycled concrete boards for structural elements or recycled tires for playground bedding.	—0	—0
Confer with clients, engineering personnel, or architects on landscape projects.	—0	—0
Analyze data on conditions such as site location, drainage, or structure location for environmental reports or landscaping plans.	—0	—0
Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel.	—0	—0
Present project plans or designs to public stakeholders, such as government agencies or community groups.	—0	—0
Integrate existing land features or landscaping into designs.	—0	—0
Manage the work completed by subcontractors to ensure quality control.	—0	—0
Research latest products, technology, or design trends to stay current in the field.	—0	—0
Inspect proposed sites to identify structural elements of land areas or other important site information, such as soil condition, existing landscaping, or the proximity of water management facilities.	—0	—0
Collaborate with estimators to cost projects, create project plans, or coordinate bids from landscaping contractors.	—0	—0
Prepare conceptual drawings, graphics, or other visual representations of land areas to show predicted growth or development of land areas over time.	—0	—0
Provide follow-up consultations for clients to ensure landscape designs are maturing or developing as planned.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Prepare graphic representations or drawings of proposed plans or designs. O*NET Task ID 18470	0.5
Collaborate with architects or related professionals on whole building design to maximize the aesthetic features of structures or surrounding land and to improve energy efficiency. O*NET Task ID 19597	0.5
Create landscapes that minimize water consumption such as by incorporating drought-resistant grasses or indigenous plants. O*NET Task ID 19598	0.5
Design and integrate rainwater harvesting or gray and reclaimed water systems to conserve water into building or land designs. O*NET Task ID 19599	0.5
Identify and select appropriate sustainable materials for use in landscape designs, such as recycled wood or recycled concrete boards for structural elements or recycled tires for playground bedding. O*NET Task ID 19600	0.5
Prepare site plans, specifications, or cost estimates for land development. O*NET Task ID 20370	0.5
Analyze data on conditions such as site location, drainage, or structure location for environmental reports or landscaping plans. O*NET Task ID 20371	0.5
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentations to generate new work opportunities. O*NET Task ID 20372	0.5
Integrate existing land features or landscaping into designs. O*NET Task ID 20375	0.5
Manage the work of subcontractors to ensure quality control. O*NET Task ID 20376	0.5
Research latest products, technology, or design trends to stay current in the field. O*NET Task ID 20377	0.5
Inspect proposed sites to identify structural elements of land areas or other important site information, such as soil condition, existing landscaping, or the proximity of water management facilities. O*NET Task ID 20378	0.5
Develop planting plans to help clients garden productively or to achieve particular aesthetic effects. O*NET Task ID 20379	0.5
Collaborate with estimators to cost projects, create project plans, or coordinate bids from landscaping contractors. O*NET Task ID 20380	0.5
Prepare conceptual drawings, graphics, or other visual representations of land areas to show predicted growth or development of land areas over time. O*NET Task ID 20381	0.5
Provide follow-up consultations for clients to ensure landscape designs are maturing or developing as planned. O*NET Task ID 20382	0.5
Show 6 more tasks ▾Show less ▴
Confer with clients, engineering personnel, or architects on landscape projects. O*NET Task ID 20369	0.0
Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel. O*NET Task ID 20373	0.0
Present project plans or designs to public stakeholders, such as government agencies or community groups. O*NET Task ID 20374	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (19)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Prepare graphic representations or drawings of proposed plans or designs.	Core
Collaborate with architects or related professionals on whole building design to maximize the aesthetic features of structures or surrounding land and to improve energy efficiency.	Core
Create landscapes that minimize water consumption such as by incorporating drought-resistant grasses or indigenous plants.	Core
Design and integrate rainwater harvesting or gray and reclaimed water systems to conserve water into building or land designs.	Core
Identify and select appropriate sustainable materials for use in landscape designs, such as recycled wood or recycled concrete boards for structural elements or recycled tires for playground bedding.	Core
Confer with clients, engineering personnel, or architects on landscape projects.	Core
Prepare site plans, specifications, or cost estimates for land development.	Core
Analyze data on conditions such as site location, drainage, or structure location for environmental reports or landscaping plans.	Core
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentations to generate new work opportunities.	Core
Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel.	Core
Present project plans or designs to public stakeholders, such as government agencies or community groups.	Core
Integrate existing land features or landscaping into designs.	Core
Manage the work of subcontractors to ensure quality control.	Core
Research latest products, technology, or design trends to stay current in the field.	Core
Inspect proposed sites to identify structural elements of land areas or other important site information, such as soil condition, existing landscaping, or the proximity of water management facilities.	Core
Develop planting plans to help clients garden productively or to achieve particular aesthetic effects.	Core
Collaborate with estimators to cost projects, create project plans, or coordinate bids from landscaping contractors.	Core
Prepare conceptual drawings, graphics, or other visual representations of land areas to show predicted growth or development of land areas over time.	Core
Provide follow-up consultations for clients to ensure landscape designs are maturing or developing as planned.	Core

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel.	E0 none
Inspect proposed sites to identify structural elements of land areas or other important site information, such as soil condition, existing landscaping, or the proximity of water management facilities.	E0 none

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 24K
Projected employment, 2035: 25K
Change (2025–35): +4.4%
Median annual wage, 2025: $79,870
Typical education needed for entry: Bachelor's degree

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
23141	조경 계획 및 설계 기술자	Same scope	confirmed
23142	조경감리 기술자	This occupation is broader	confirmed
23149	그 외 조경 관련 기술자	This occupation is broader	confirmed
23143	조경시공 기술자	Overlapping, not the same	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 2162Landscape Architects

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Landscape architects plan and design landscapes and open spaces for projects such as, parks, schools, institutions, roads, external areas for commercial, industrial and residential sites, and plan and monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.

Tasks

(a) developing new or improved theories and methods and providing advice on policy related to landscape architecture;
(b) inspecting sites and consulting clients, management and other stakeholders to determine type, style and size of proposed buildings, parks, roads and other open spaces;
(c) compiling and analysing site and community data about geographical and ecological features, landforms, soils, vegetation, site hydrology, visual characteristics and human-made structures, to formulate land use and development recommendations, feasibility studies and environmental impact statements;
(d) preparing reports, strategic plans, site plans, working drawings, specifications and cost estimates for land development, showing location and details of proposals, including ground modelling, structures, vegetation and access;
(e) writing specifications and contract documents for use by builders and civil engineering contractors and calling tenders on behalf of clients;
(f) making necessary contacts to ensure feasibility of projects regarding style, cost, timing and compliance with regulations;
(g) identifying and finding best solutions for problems regarding function and quality of exterior environments and making necessary designs, drawings and plans;
(h) monitoring construction or rehabilitation work to ensure compliance with specifications and quality standards;
(i) maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.

Example occupations

Landscape architect

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

landscape architectESCO 2162.1Same scope
Landscape architects plan and design the construction of gardens and natural spaces. They determine the specifications and distribution of the space. They combine an understanding of the natural space with a sense of aesthetics in order to create a harmonious space.
landscape designerESCO 2162.1.1This occupation is broader
Landscape designers design and create outdoor public areas, landmarks, structures, parks, gardens and private gardens to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.
architectESCO 2161.1Overlapping, not the same
Architects investigate, design, and oversee the construction and development of buildings, urban spaces, infrastructure projects, and social spaces. They design in accordance with the surroundings and regulations applicable in specific geographic areas, taking into account factors that include function, aesthetics, costs, and public health and safety. They are aware of social contexts and environmental factors, which include the relationships between people and buildings, and buildings and the environment. They engage in multidisciplinary projects aimed at developing the social fabric of a geographic area and advancing in social urbanism projects.
land plannerESCO 2164.1Overlapping, not the same
Land planners visit sites in order to create projects and plans for land usage and development. They collect and analyse data about the land. Land planners provide advice on the efficiency and safety of development plans.
landscape gardenerESCO 6113.6Overlapping, not the same
Landscape gardeners plan, construct, renovate and maintain parks, gardens and public green spaces.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
A1206	Concepteur / Conceptrice paysagiste	Same scopeprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
2452	Arquitectos paisajistas	Same scope

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
12144	Berufe im Garten-, Landschafts- und Sportplatzbau - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	Same scopeprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
092	土木技術者	This occupation is narrowerprovisional

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources