Architectural and Civil Drafters
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 17-3011.00
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.35
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only28 rated tasks · 27 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (96.4%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 2 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations 17-3011.01 Architectural Drafters; 17-3011.02 Civil Drafters, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.17-3011.02 | 0.008930.1 |
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's supervision.17-3011.01 | 0.008528.8 |
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.17-3011.01 | 0.006522.1 |
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.17-3011.01 | 0.003010.2 |
Analyze technical implications of architect's design concept, calculating weights, volumes, and stress factors.17-3011.01 | 0.00268.8 |
| Not observed on any surface — 27 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Operate computer-aided drafting (CAD) equipment or conventional drafting station to produce designs, working drawings, charts, forms, and records. | —0 |
Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans. | —0 |
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary. | —0 |
Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software. | —0 |
Supervise, coordinate, and inspect the work of draftspersons, technicians, and technologists on construction projects. | —0 |
Represent architect on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under architect's supervision. | —0 |
Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials. | —0 |
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials. | —0 |
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings. | —0 |
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client. | —0 |
Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments. | —0 |
Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures. | —0 |
Build landscape, architectural, and display models. | —0 |
Produce drawings using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles and other drafting devices. | —0 |
Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes. | —0 |
Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations and structures. | —0 |
Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports. | —0 |
Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages, according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods. | —0 |
Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data received from civil engineers to ensure that they conform to design concepts. | —0 |
Supervise and train other technologists, technicians and drafters. | —0 |
Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings. | —0 |
Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing. | —0 |
Calculate excavation tonnage and prepare graphs and fill-hauling diagrams for use in earth-moving operations. | —0 |
Locate and identify symbols located on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations. | —0 |
Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs. | —0 |
Determine quality, cost, strength and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists. | —0 |
Plot characteristics of boreholes for oil and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey recordings and other data, representing depth, degree and direction of inclination. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing.O*NET Task ID 21924 | 1.0 |
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials.O*NET Task ID 21928 | 1.0 |
Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs.O*NET Task ID 21938 | 1.0 |
Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices.O*NET Task ID 21917 | 0.5 |
Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes.O*NET Task ID 21918 | 0.5 |
Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans.O*NET Task ID 21919 | 0.5 |
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.O*NET Task ID 21920 | 0.5 |
Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.O*NET Task ID 21921 | 0.5 |
Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software.O*NET Task ID 21922 | 0.5 |
Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods.O*NET Task ID 21925 | 0.5 |
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.O*NET Task ID 21926 | 0.5 |
Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports.O*NET Task ID 21927 | 0.5 |
Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials.O*NET Task ID 21929 | 0.5 |
Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings.O*NET Task ID 21930 | 0.5 |
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.O*NET Task ID 21931 | 0.5 |
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary.O*NET Task ID 21932 | 0.5 |
Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists.O*NET Task ID 21933 | 0.5 |
Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations.O*NET Task ID 21934 | 0.5 |
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings.O*NET Task ID 21935 | 0.5 |
Calculate excavation tonnage and prepare graphs and fill-hauling diagrams for use in earth-moving operations.O*NET Task ID 21936 | 0.5 |
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client.O*NET Task ID 21937 | 0.5 |
Plot characteristics of boreholes for oil and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey recordings and other data, representing depth, degree, and direction of inclination.O*NET Task ID 21939 | 0.5 |
Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments.O*NET Task ID 21940 | 0.5 |
Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures.O*NET Task ID 21941 | 0.5 |
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision.O*NET Task ID 21942 | 0.5 |
Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision.O*NET Task ID 21943 | 0.5 |
Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts.O*NET Task ID 21944 | 0.5 |
Supervise and train other technologists, technicians, and drafters.O*NET Task ID 21923 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (26)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices. | Core |
| Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans. | Core |
| Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs. | Core |
| Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures. | Core |
| Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software. | Core |
| Supervise and train other technologists, technicians, and drafters. | Core |
| Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing. | Core |
| Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods. | Core |
| Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data. | Core |
| Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports. | Core |
| Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings. | Core |
| Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary. | Core |
| Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary. | Core |
| Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision. | Core |
| Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts. | Core |
| Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes. | Supplemental |
| Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials. | Supplemental |
| Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials. | Supplemental |
| Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists. | Supplemental |
| Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations. | Supplemental |
| Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings. | Supplemental |
| Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client. | Supplemental |
| Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs. | Supplemental |
| Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments. | Supplemental |
| Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures. | Supplemental |
| Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision. | Supplemental |
0.13/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings. | E2 structured facilities |
| Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments. | E2 structured facilities |
| Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 104K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 110K
- Change (2025–35)
- +5.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $66,150
- Typical education needed for entry
- Associate's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23951 | 건축 제도사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23952 | 토목 제도사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3118Draughtspersons
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- drafterESCO 3118.3This occupation is narrower
Drafters prepare and create technical drawings using a special software or manual techniques, to show how something is built or works.
- architectural drafterESCO 3118.3.2This occupation is broader
Architectural drafters make drawings of the specifications and ideas provided by architects. They draw architectural drawings using computer-aided equipment and software, or using conventional methods like paper and pen.
- civil drafterESCO 3118.3.4This occupation is broader
Civil drafters draw and prepare sketches for civil engineers and architects of architectonic projects of different kinds, topographical maps, or for the reconstruction of existing structures. They lay down in the sketches all the specifications and requirements such as mathematical, aesthetic, engineering, and technical.
- computer-aided design operatorESCO 3118.3.5Overlapping, not the same
Computer-aided design operators use computer hardware and software in order to add the technical dimensions to computer aided design drawings. Computer-aided design operators ensure all additional aspects of the created images of products are accurate and realistic. They also calculate the amount of materials needed to manufacture the products. Later the finalised digital design is processed by computer-aided manufacturing machines that produce the finished product.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1104 | Dessinateur-projeteur / Dessinatrice-projeteuse de la construction | Same scopeprovisional |
| F1110 | Dessinateur / Dessinatrice enveloppe du bâtiment | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H2209 | Dessinateur / Dessinatrice de structures en bois | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| F1125 | BIM Manager | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| F1126 | Assistant / Assistante maîtrise d'œuvre en architecture | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3110 | Delineantes y dibujantes técnicos | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 27212 | Technische Zeichner/innen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 27223 | Berufe in der Konstruktion und im Gerätebau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 34323 | Berufe im Rohrleitungsbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 591 | 生産関連作業従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources