Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 17-3026.01
Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the supervision of nanoengineering staff.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.26
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (56.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations 17-3029.11 Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists; 17-3029.12 Nanotechnology Engineering Technicians, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Contribute written material or data for grant or patent applications.17-3029.11 | 0.021433.3 |
Produce detailed images or measurement of objects, using tools such as scanning tunneling microscopes or oscilloscopes.17-3029.12 | 0.013220.6 |
Prepare detailed verbal or written presentations for scientists, engineers, project managers, or upper management.17-3029.11 | 0.010115.7 |
Compile information or prepare reports on nanotechnology experiments or applications.17-3029.12 | 0.008513.3 |
Collaborate with scientists or engineers to design or conduct experiments for the development of nanotechnology materials, components, devices, or systems.17-3029.11 | 0.00457.0 |
Assist nanoscientists, engineers, or technologists in writing process specifications or documentation.17-3029.12 | 0.00314.8 |
Collect or compile nanotechnology research or engineering data.17-3029.11 | 0.00182.9 |
Prepare capability data, training materials, or other documentation for transfer of processes to production.17-3029.11 | 0.00152.4 |
| Not observed on any surface — 28 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Supervise or provide technical direction to technicians engaged in nanotechnology research or production. | —0 |
Install nanotechnology production equipment at customer or manufacturing sites. | —0 |
Produce images or measurements, using tools or techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, particle size analysis, or zeta potential analysis. | —0 |
Develop or modify wet chemical or industrial laboratory experimental techniques for nanoscale use. | —0 |
Inspect or measure thin films of carbon nanotubes, polymers, or inorganic coatings, using a variety of techniques or analytical tools. | —0 |
Implement new or enhanced methods or processes for the processing, testing, or manufacture of nanotechnology materials or products. | —0 |
Analyze the life cycle of nanomaterials or nano-enabled products to determine environmental impact. | —0 |
Capture nanoparticle contaminants, using techniques such as electrical fields or electrospinning. | —0 |
Compare the performance or environmental impact of nanomaterials by nanoparticle size, shape, or organization. | —0 |
Mix raw materials or catalysts to manufacture nanoparticles according to specifications, ensuring proper particle size, shape, or organization. | —0 |
Monitor hazardous waste cleanup procedures to ensure proper application of nanocomposites or accomplishment of objectives. | —0 |
Process nanoparticles or nanostructures, using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation, microwave energy, or catalysis. | —0 |
Repair nanotechnology processing or testing equipment or submit work orders for equipment repair. | —0 |
Maintain work area according to cleanroom or other processing standards. | —0 |
Set up or execute nanoparticle experiments according to detailed instructions. | —0 |
Record nanotechnology test results in logs, laboratory notebooks, or spreadsheet software. | —0 |
Perform functional tests of nano-enhanced assemblies, components, or systems, using equipment such as torque gauges or conductivity meters. | —0 |
Monitor equipment during operation to ensure adherence to specifications for characteristics such as pressure, temperature, or flow. | —0 |
Measure or mix chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas. | —0 |
Calibrate nanotechnology equipment, such as weighing, testing, or production equipment. | —0 |
Inspect nanotechnology work products to ensure quality or adherence to specifications. | —0 |
Maintain accurate record or batch-record documentation of nanoproduction. | —0 |
Assist nanoscientists, engineers, or technologists in processing or characterizing materials according to physical or chemical properties. | —0 |
Assemble components, using techniques such as interference fitting, solvent bonding, adhesive bonding, heat sealing, or ultrasonic welding. | —0 |
Operate nanotechnology compounding, testing, processing, or production equipment in accordance with appropriate standard operating procedures, good manufacturing practices, hazardous material restrictions, or health and safety requirements. | —0 |
Measure emission of nanodust or nanoparticles during nanocomposite or other nano-scale production processes, using systems such as aerosol detection systems. | —0 |
Measure or report toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. | —0 |
Test nano-enabled products to determine amount of shedding or loss of nanoparticles. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Contribute written material or data for grant or patent applications.O*NET Task ID 22055 | 1.0 |
Develop or modify wet chemical or industrial laboratory experimental techniques for nanoscale use.O*NET Task ID 22058 | 1.0 |
Prepare detailed verbal or written presentations for scientists, engineers, project managers, or upper management.O*NET Task ID 22061 | 1.0 |
Maintain accurate record or batch-record documentation of nanoproduction.O*NET Task ID 22063 | 1.0 |
Prepare capability data, training materials, or other documentation for transfer of processes to production.O*NET Task ID 22065 | 1.0 |
Assist nanoscientists or engineers in writing process specifications or documentation.O*NET Task ID 22069 | 1.0 |
Produce images or measurements, using tools or techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, particle size analysis, or zeta potential analysis.O*NET Task ID 22047 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with scientists or engineers to design or conduct experiments for the development of nanotechnology materials, components, devices, or systems.O*NET Task ID 22048 | 0.5 |
Collect or compile nanotechnology research or engineering data.O*NET Task ID 22052 | 0.5 |
Inspect or measure thin films of carbon nanotubes, polymers, or inorganic coatings, using a variety of techniques or analytical tools.O*NET Task ID 22056 | 0.5 |
Compare the performance or environmental impact of nanomaterials by nanoparticle size, shape, or organization.O*NET Task ID 22057 | 0.5 |
Implement new or enhanced methods or processes for the processing, testing, or manufacture of nanotechnology materials or products.O*NET Task ID 22060 | 0.5 |
Analyze the life cycle of nanomaterials or nano-enabled products to determine environmental impact.O*NET Task ID 22066 | 0.5 |
Assist nanoscientists or engineers in processing or characterizing materials according to physical or chemical properties.O*NET Task ID 22068 | 0.5 |
Operate nanotechnology compounding, testing, processing, or production equipment in accordance with appropriate standard operating procedures, good manufacturing practices, hazardous material restrictions, or health and safety requirements.O*NET Task ID 22045 | 0.0 |
Maintain work area according to cleanroom or other processing standards.O*NET Task ID 22046 | 0.0 |
Repair nanotechnology processing or testing equipment or submit work orders for equipment repair.O*NET Task ID 22049 | 0.0 |
Measure or mix chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas.O*NET Task ID 22050 | 0.0 |
Monitor equipment during operation to ensure adherence to specifications for characteristics such as pressure, temperature, or flow.O*NET Task ID 22051 | 0.0 |
Calibrate nanotechnology equipment, such as weighing, testing, or production equipment.O*NET Task ID 22053 | 0.0 |
Monitor hazardous waste cleanup procedures to ensure proper application of nanocomposites or accomplishment of objectives.O*NET Task ID 22054 | 0.0 |
Process nanoparticles or nanostructures, using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation, microwave energy, or catalysis.O*NET Task ID 22059 | 0.0 |
Perform functional tests of nano-enhanced assemblies, components, or systems, using equipment such as torque gauges or conductivity meters.O*NET Task ID 22062 | 0.0 |
Assemble components, using techniques such as interference fitting, solvent bonding, adhesive bonding, heat sealing, or ultrasonic welding.O*NET Task ID 22064 | 0.0 |
Measure emission of nanodust or nanoparticles during nanocomposite or other nano-scale production processes, using systems such as aerosol detection systems.O*NET Task ID 22067 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Operate nanotechnology compounding, testing, processing, or production equipment in accordance with appropriate standard operating procedures, good manufacturing practices, hazardous material restrictions, or health and safety requirements. | Core |
| Maintain work area according to cleanroom or other processing standards. | Core |
| Produce images or measurements, using tools or techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, particle size analysis, or zeta potential analysis. | Core |
| Collaborate with scientists or engineers to design or conduct experiments for the development of nanotechnology materials, components, devices, or systems. | Core |
| Repair nanotechnology processing or testing equipment or submit work orders for equipment repair. | Core |
| Measure or mix chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas. | Core |
| Monitor equipment during operation to ensure adherence to specifications for characteristics such as pressure, temperature, or flow. | Core |
| Collect or compile nanotechnology research or engineering data. | Core |
| Calibrate nanotechnology equipment, such as weighing, testing, or production equipment. | Core |
| Monitor hazardous waste cleanup procedures to ensure proper application of nanocomposites or accomplishment of objectives. | Core |
| Contribute written material or data for grant or patent applications. | Core |
| Inspect or measure thin films of carbon nanotubes, polymers, or inorganic coatings, using a variety of techniques or analytical tools. | Core |
| Develop or modify wet chemical or industrial laboratory experimental techniques for nanoscale use. | Core |
| Implement new or enhanced methods or processes for the processing, testing, or manufacture of nanotechnology materials or products. | Core |
| Prepare detailed verbal or written presentations for scientists, engineers, project managers, or upper management. | Core |
| Maintain accurate record or batch-record documentation of nanoproduction. | Core |
| Prepare capability data, training materials, or other documentation for transfer of processes to production. | Core |
| Assist nanoscientists or engineers in processing or characterizing materials according to physical or chemical properties. | Core |
| Assist nanoscientists or engineers in writing process specifications or documentation. | Core |
| Compare the performance or environmental impact of nanomaterials by nanoparticle size, shape, or organization. | Supplemental |
| Process nanoparticles or nanostructures, using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation, microwave energy, or catalysis. | Supplemental |
| Perform functional tests of nano-enhanced assemblies, components, or systems, using equipment such as torque gauges or conductivity meters. | Supplemental |
| Assemble components, using techniques such as interference fitting, solvent bonding, adhesive bonding, heat sealing, or ultrasonic welding. | Supplemental |
| Analyze the life cycle of nanomaterials or nano-enabled products to determine environmental impact. | Supplemental |
| Measure emission of nanodust or nanoparticles during nanocomposite or other nano-scale production processes, using systems such as aerosol detection systems. | Supplemental |
1.12/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Operate nanotechnology compounding, testing, processing, or production equipment in accordance with appropriate standard operating procedures, good manufacturing practices, hazardous material restrictions, or health and safety requirements. | E2 structured facilities |
| Maintain work area according to cleanroom or other processing standards. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Produce images or measurements, using tools or techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, particle size analysis, or zeta potential analysis. | E2 structured facilities |
| Collaborate with scientists or engineers to design or conduct experiments for the development of nanotechnology materials, components, devices, or systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Repair nanotechnology processing or testing equipment or submit work orders for equipment repair. | E0 none |
| Measure or mix chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas. | E2 structured facilities |
| Collect or compile nanotechnology research or engineering data. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Calibrate nanotechnology equipment, such as weighing, testing, or production equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Monitor hazardous waste cleanup procedures to ensure proper application of nanocomposites or accomplishment of objectives. | E2 structured facilities |
| Inspect or measure thin films of carbon nanotubes, polymers, or inorganic coatings, using a variety of techniques or analytical tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Compare the performance or environmental impact of nanomaterials by nanoparticle size, shape, or organization. | E2 structured facilities |
| Develop or modify wet chemical or industrial laboratory experimental techniques for nanoscale use. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Process nanoparticles or nanostructures, using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation, microwave energy, or catalysis. | E2 structured facilities |
| Implement new or enhanced methods or processes for the processing, testing, or manufacture of nanotechnology materials or products. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform functional tests of nano-enhanced assemblies, components, or systems, using equipment such as torque gauges or conductivity meters. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble components, using techniques such as interference fitting, solvent bonding, adhesive bonding, heat sealing, or ultrasonic welding. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure emission of nanodust or nanoparticles during nanocomposite or other nano-scale production processes, using systems such as aerosol detection systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assist nanoscientists or engineers in processing or characterizing materials according to physical or chemical properties. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 17-3026 group (Industrial engineering technologists and technicians), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 77K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 79K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $66,120
- Typical education needed for entry
- Associate's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23990 | 그 외 공학 관련 기술자 및 시험원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3119Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 311: Physical and Engineering Science Technicians. For instance, the unit group includes those who assist scientists and engineers engaged in developing procedures or conducting research on safety, biomedical, environmental or industrial and production engineering.
Tasks
- In such cases tasks would include -
- (a) collecting data and providing technical assistance regarding: efficient, safe and economic utilization of personnel, material and equipment; methods of work and sequence of operations and supervision of their implementation; and efficient layout of plant or establishment;
- (b) aiding in the identification of potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and devices;
- (c) modifying and testing equipment and devices used in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental pollution, site remediation and land reclamation;
- (d) assisting in the development of environmental pollution remediation devices under the direction of an engineer;
- (e) assisting engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.
Example occupations
Engineering technician (production) · Fire investigator · Forensic science technician · Quantity surveying technician · Robotics technician · Time and motion study technician
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- nanoengineerESCO 2149.9.1Overlapping, not the same
Nanoengineers combine the scientific knowledge of atomic and molecular particles with engineering principles for applications in a varied array of fields. They apply findings in chemistry, biology, and materials engineering, etc. They use technological knowledge for the improvement of existing applications or the creation of micro objects.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| H1210 | Technicien / Technicienne R&D | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| H1224 | Technicien / Technicienne de laboratoire de recherche-développement | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3129 | Otros técnicos de las ciencias físicas, químicas, medioambientales y de las ingenierías | This occupation is narrower |
| 3121 | Técnicos en ciencias físicas y químicas | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26323 | Berufe in der Mikrosystemtechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 26322 | Berufe in der Mikrosystemtechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 41413 | Berufe im physikalisch-technischen Laboratorium - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 089 | その他の製造技術者（開発を除く） | Related, not a match |
| 082 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発を除く） | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources