Urban and Regional Planners
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 19-3051.00
Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities of jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.096
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.41
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 24 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (96.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Design, promote, or administer government plans or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities, community facilities, housing, or transportation.O*NET Task ID 220 | 0.5 |
Recommend approval, denial, or conditional approval of proposals.O*NET Task ID 222 | 0.5 |
Create, prepare, or requisition graphic or narrative reports on land use data, including land area maps overlaid with geographic variables, such as population density.O*NET Task ID 225 | 0.5 |
Advise planning officials on project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, regulatory conformance, or possible alternatives.O*NET Task ID 226 | 0.5 |
Conduct field investigations, surveys, impact studies, or other research to compile and analyze data on economic, social, regulatory, or physical factors affecting land use.O*NET Task ID 227 | 0.5 |
Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land use projects, such as transportation, conservation, residential, commercial, industrial, or community use.O*NET Task ID 228 | 0.5 |
Keep informed about economic or legal issues involved in zoning codes, building codes, or environmental regulations.O*NET Task ID 229 | 0.5 |
Mediate community disputes or assist in developing alternative plans or recommendations for programs or projects.O*NET Task ID 230 | 0.5 |
Coordinate work with economic consultants or architects during the formulation of plans or the design of large pieces of infrastructure.O*NET Task ID 231 | 0.5 |
Review and evaluate environmental impact reports pertaining to private or public planning projects or programs.O*NET Task ID 232 | 0.5 |
Supervise or coordinate the work of urban planning technicians or technologists.O*NET Task ID 233 | 0.5 |
Advocate sustainability to community groups, government agencies, the general public, or special interest groups.O*NET Task ID 19775 | 0.5 |
Develop plans for public or alternative transportation systems for urban or regional locations to reduce carbon output associated with transportation.O*NET Task ID 19776 | 0.5 |
Evaluate proposals for infrastructure projects or other development for environmental impact or sustainability.O*NET Task ID 19777 | 0.5 |
Identify opportunities or develop plans for sustainability projects or programs to improve energy efficiency, minimize pollution or waste, or restore natural systems.O*NET Task ID 19778 | 0.5 |
Determine the effects of regulatory limitations on land use projects.O*NET Task ID 20523 | 0.5 |
Assess the feasibility of land use proposals and identify necessary changes.O*NET Task ID 20524 | 0.5 |
Investigate property availability for purposes of development.O*NET Task ID 20525 | 0.5 |
Conduct interviews, surveys and site inspections concerning factors that affect land usage, such as zoning, traffic flow and housing.O*NET Task ID 22225 | 0.5 |
Prepare reports, using statistics, charts, and graphs, to illustrate planning studies in areas such as population, land use, or zoning.O*NET Task ID 22226 | 0.5 |
Prepare, develop and maintain maps and databases.O*NET Task ID 22227 | 0.5 |
Prepare, maintain and update files and records, including land use data and statistics.O*NET Task ID 22228 | 0.5 |
Research, compile, analyze and organize information from maps, reports, investigations, and books for use in reports and special projects.O*NET Task ID 22229 | 0.5 |
Respond to public inquiries and complaints.O*NET Task ID 22230 | 0.5 |
Hold public meetings with government officials, social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or special interest groups to formulate, develop, or address issues regarding land use or community plans.O*NET Task ID 18476 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Design, promote, or administer government plans or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities, community facilities, housing, or transportation. | Core |
| Recommend approval, denial, or conditional approval of proposals. | Core |
| Create, prepare, or requisition graphic or narrative reports on land use data, including land area maps overlaid with geographic variables, such as population density. | Core |
| Advise planning officials on project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, regulatory conformance, or possible alternatives. | Core |
| Conduct field investigations, surveys, impact studies, or other research to compile and analyze data on economic, social, regulatory, or physical factors affecting land use. | Core |
| Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land use projects, such as transportation, conservation, residential, commercial, industrial, or community use. | Core |
| Keep informed about economic or legal issues involved in zoning codes, building codes, or environmental regulations. | Core |
| Mediate community disputes or assist in developing alternative plans or recommendations for programs or projects. | Core |
| Coordinate work with economic consultants or architects during the formulation of plans or the design of large pieces of infrastructure. | Core |
| Review and evaluate environmental impact reports pertaining to private or public planning projects or programs. | Core |
| Supervise or coordinate the work of urban planning technicians or technologists. | Core |
| Hold public meetings with government officials, social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or special interest groups to formulate, develop, or address issues regarding land use or community plans. | Core |
| Advocate sustainability to community groups, government agencies, the general public, or special interest groups. | Core |
| Develop plans for public or alternative transportation systems for urban or regional locations to reduce carbon output associated with transportation. | Core |
| Evaluate proposals for infrastructure projects or other development for environmental impact or sustainability. | Core |
| Identify opportunities or develop plans for sustainability projects or programs to improve energy efficiency, minimize pollution or waste, or restore natural systems. | Core |
| Determine the effects of regulatory limitations on land use projects. | Core |
| Assess the feasibility of land use proposals and identify necessary changes. | Core |
| Investigate property availability for purposes of development. | Core |
| Conduct interviews, surveys and site inspections concerning factors that affect land usage, such as zoning, traffic flow and housing. | — |
| Prepare reports, using statistics, charts, and graphs, to illustrate planning studies in areas such as population, land use, or zoning. | — |
| Prepare, develop and maintain maps and databases. | — |
| Prepare, maintain and update files and records, including land use data and statistics. | — |
| Research, compile, analyze and organize information from maps, reports, investigations, and books for use in reports and special projects. | — |
| Respond to public inquiries and complaints. | — |
0.08/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Conduct interviews, surveys and site inspections concerning factors that affect land usage, such as zoning, traffic flow and housing. | E3 unstructured settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 46K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 48K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $89,320
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23151 | 도시 계획 및 설계가 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2164Town and Traffic Planners
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Town and traffic planners develop and implement plans and policies for the controlled use of urban and rural land and for traffic systems. They conduct research and provide advice on economic, environmental and social factors affecting land use and traffic flows.
Tasks
- (a) planning layout and coordinating development of urban areas;
- (b) compiling and analysing data on economic, legal, political, cultural, demographic, sociological, physical and environmental factors affecting land use;
- (c) conferring with government authorities, communities and specialists in fields such as architecture, planning, social science the environment and the law;
- (d) devising and recommending use and development of land, and presenting narrative and graphic plans, programmes and designs to groups and individuals;
- (e) advising governments, companies and communities on urban and regional planning issues and proposals;
- (f) reviewing and evaluating environmental impact reports;
- (g) planning and coordinating the development of land areas for parks, schools, institutions, airports, roadways and related projects, and for commercial, industrial and residential sites;
- (h) planning and advising on routing and control of road traffic and public transportation systems for efficiency and safety.
Example occupations
Land Planner · Traffic planner · Urban Planner
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- airport planning engineerESCO 2142.1.1This occupation is broader
Airport planning engineers manage and coordinate the planning, design, and development programs in airports.
- government planning inspectorESCO 2422.4This occupation is broader
Government planning inspectors monitor the development and implementation of government plans and policies, as well as processing planning and policy proposals, and performing inspections of planning procedures.
- land plannerESCO 2164.1This occupation is broader
Land planners visit sites in order to create projects and plans for land usage and development. They collect and analyse data about the land. Land planners provide advice on the efficiency and safety of development plans.
- transport plannerESCO 2164.2This occupation is broader
Traffic planners develop and implement policies in order to improve transport systems, taking into account the social, environmental and economic factors. They collect and analyse traffic data using statistical modelling tools.
- urban plannerESCO 2164.3This occupation is broader
Urban planners create development plans for towns, urban areas, cities, and regions. They research the needs of the community or the region (economic, social, transport) and evaluate other parameters such as sustainability in order to present solid programs aimed at the improvement of the site.
- architectESCO 2161.1Overlapping, not the same
Architects investigate, design, and oversee the construction and development of buildings, urban spaces, infrastructure projects, and social spaces. They design in accordance with the surroundings and regulations applicable in specific geographic areas, taking into account factors that include function, aesthetics, costs, and public health and safety. They are aware of social contexts and environmental factors, which include the relationships between people and buildings, and buildings and the environment. They engage in multidisciplinary projects aimed at developing the social fabric of a geographic area and advancing in social urbanism projects.
- regional development policy officerESCO 2422.10.14Overlapping, not the same
Regional development policy officers research, analyse and develop regional development policies. They implement policies that aim at reducing regional disparities by fostering economic activities in a region and structural changes such as supporting multi-level governance, rural development and improvement of infrastructure. They work closely with partners, external organisations or other stakeholders and provide them with regular updates.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1806 | Chargé / Chargée de développement social et urbain | This occupation is broader |
| K1807 | Urbaniste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1404 | Chargé / Chargée de mission développement territorial | Related, not a match |
| K1809 | Responsable de développement territorial | Related, not a match |
| K1810 | Agent / Agente de développement d'habitat social | Related, not a match |
| K1815 | Chargé / Chargée de mission "Villes et Territoires Durables" | Related, not a match |
| K1816 | Manager de commerce et territoire | Related, not a match |
| F1127 | Architecte-urbaniste | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1802 | Chargé / Chargée de développement économique et local | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1803 | Animateur / Animatrice de développement régional | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1811 | Chargé / Chargée de projet en aménagement du territoire | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2453 | Urbanistas e ingenieros de tráfico | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 31124 | Berufe in der Stadt- und Raumplanung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Same scopeprovisional |
| 71333 | Berufe in der Wirtschaftsförderung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 092 | 土木技術者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 253 | 企画事務員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources