Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Educational Instruction and Library Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 25-2022.00
Teach one or more subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.297
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.26
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only35 rated tasks · 22 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (62.9%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate these objectives to students.O*NET Task ID 6577 | 1.0 |
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.O*NET Task ID 6594 | 1.0 |
Supervise, evaluate, and plan assignments for teacher assistants and volunteers.O*NET Task ID 6607 | 1.0 |
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.O*NET Task ID 6574 | 0.5 |
Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies.O*NET Task ID 6575 | 0.5 |
Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.O*NET Task ID 6576 | 0.5 |
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.O*NET Task ID 6578 | 0.5 |
Maintain accurate, complete, and correct student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.O*NET Task ID 6579 | 0.5 |
Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.O*NET Task ID 6580 | 0.5 |
Assign lessons and correct homework.O*NET Task ID 6582 | 0.5 |
Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.O*NET Task ID 6585 | 0.5 |
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.O*NET Task ID 6586 | 0.5 |
Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors.O*NET Task ID 6591 | 0.5 |
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.O*NET Task ID 6592 | 0.5 |
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula.O*NET Task ID 6595 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs.O*NET Task ID 6596 | 0.5 |
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence.O*NET Task ID 6597 | 0.5 |
Administer standardized ability and achievement tests, and interpret results to determine student strengths and needs.O*NET Task ID 6599 | 0.5 |
Organize and label materials and display students' work.O*NET Task ID 6600 | 0.5 |
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from such activities.O*NET Task ID 6603 | 0.5 |
Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies.O*NET Task ID 6604 | 0.5 |
Assist students who need extra help, such as by tutoring and preparing and implementing remedial programs.O*NET Task ID 18638 | 0.5 |
Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students.O*NET Task ID 6573 | 0.0 |
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.O*NET Task ID 6581 | 0.0 |
Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students.O*NET Task ID 6583 | 0.0 |
Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems.O*NET Task ID 6584 | 0.0 |
Guide and counsel students with adjustment or academic problems, or special academic interests.O*NET Task ID 6588 | 0.0 |
Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress.O*NET Task ID 6589 | 0.0 |
Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injury and damage.O*NET Task ID 6593 | 0.0 |
Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading.O*NET Task ID 6598 | 0.0 |
Organize and supervise games and other recreational activities to promote physical, mental, and social development.O*NET Task ID 6601 | 0.0 |
Attend staff meetings and serve on staff committees, as required.O*NET Task ID 6602 | 0.0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.O*NET Task ID 6606 | 0.0 |
Meet or correspond with parents or guardians to discuss children's progress and to determine priorities and resource needs.O*NET Task ID 18639 | 0.0 |
Coordinate and supervise extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.O*NET Task ID 18640 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (35)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. | Core |
| Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. | Core |
| Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies. | Core |
| Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress. | Core |
| Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate these objectives to students. | Core |
| Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate. | Core |
| Maintain accurate, complete, and correct student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | Core |
| Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. | Core |
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | Core |
| Assign lessons and correct homework. | Core |
| Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students. | Core |
| Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. | Core |
| Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. | Core |
| Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools. | Core |
| Guide and counsel students with adjustment or academic problems, or special academic interests. | Core |
| Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress. | Core |
| Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors. | Core |
| Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations. | Core |
| Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injury and damage. | Core |
| Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration. | Core |
| Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula. | Core |
| Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs. | Core |
| Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence. | Core |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | Core |
| Administer standardized ability and achievement tests, and interpret results to determine student strengths and needs. | Core |
| Organize and label materials and display students' work. | Core |
| Organize and supervise games and other recreational activities to promote physical, mental, and social development. | Core |
| Attend staff meetings and serve on staff committees, as required. | Core |
| Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from such activities. | Core |
| Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | Core |
| Assist students who need extra help, such as by tutoring and preparing and implementing remedial programs. | Core |
| Meet or correspond with parents or guardians to discuss children's progress and to determine priorities and resource needs. | Core |
| Coordinate and supervise extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests. | Core |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | Supplemental |
| Supervise, evaluate, and plan assignments for teacher assistants and volunteers. | Supplemental |
0.07/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | E0 none |
| Organize and label materials and display students' work. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 630K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 627K
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $64,370
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26211 | 국어 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26212 | 수학 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26213 | 사회 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26214 | 과학 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26215 | 예체능 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26217 | 외국어 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26219 | 그 외 중‧고등학교 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2341Primary School Teachers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Primary school teachers teach a range of subjects at the primary education level.
Tasks
- (a) preparing daily and longer term lesson plans in accordance with curriculum guidelines;
- (b) instructing children individually and in groups, using various teaching methods and materials (e.g. computers, books, games), adapting to children’s varying needs;
- (c) maintaining discipline and good working habits in the classroom;
- (d) planning and conduct activities with the children such as sporting activities, concerts and excursions;
- (e) assigning and grading class work and homework;
- (f) preparing, administering, and grading tests and assignments to evaluate children’s progress;
- (g) observing and evaluating children’s performance and behaviour;
- (h) supervising children during classes and at other times in the school day, including the playground during breaks;
- (i) participating in staff meetings and other sessions, and conferring with other teachers concerning educational issues;
- (j) preparing for and attending parent meetings to discuss children’s progress and problems.
Example occupations
Primary school teacher
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- language school teacherESCO 2353.1This occupation is broader
Language school teachers educate non-age-specific students in a language that is not their native language at a specialised school, not bound by a level of education. They focus less on the academic aspect of language teaching, as opposed to language teachers in secondary or higher education, but instead on the theory and practice that will be most helpful to their students in real-life situations since most choose instruction for either business, immigration or leisure reasons. They organise their classes using a variety of lesson materials, work interactively with the group, and assess and evaluate their individual progress through assignments and examinations, putting emphasis on active language skills such as writing and speaking.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2107 | Professeur / Professeure de collège et de lycée | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2230 | Profesores de enseñanza secundaria (excepto materias específicas de formación profesional) | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 2240 | Profesores de enseñanza primaria | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84124 | Lehrkräfte in der Sekundarstufe - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 193 | 中学校教員 | Same scopeprovisional |
| 195 | 中等教育学校教員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources