Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
Educational Instruction and Library Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 25-2023.00
Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.35
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only31 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (45.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.25-2023.00 | 0.077231.1 | 0.034545.3 |
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.25-2023.00 | 0.056522.7 | 0.007710.1 |
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.25-2023.00 | 0.02218.9 | 0.00466.1 |
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.25-2023.00 | 0.01998.0 | 0.011114.6 |
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.25-2023.00 | 0.01807.2 | 0.00526.9 |
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.25-2023.00 | 0.01475.9 | 0.00526.9 |
Assign and grade class work and homework.25-2023.00 | 0.01034.1 | 0.00172.3 |
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.25-2023.00 | 0.00451.8 | —0 |
Sponsor extracurricular activities such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.25-2023.00 | 0.00421.7 | —0 |
Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.25-2023.00 | 0.00401.6 | 0.00607.8 |
Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine priorities for their children and their resource needs.25-2023.00 | 0.00351.4 | —0 |
Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations.25-2023.00 | 0.00301.2 | —0 |
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula.25-2023.00 | 0.00301.2 | —0 |
Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress.25-2023.00 | 0.00251.0 | —0 |
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.25-2023.00 | 0.00180.7 | —0 |
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.25-2023.00 | 0.00170.7 | —0 |
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.25-2023.00 | 0.00170.7 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 14 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. | —0 | —0 |
Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. | —0 | —0 |
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students. | —0 | —0 |
Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students. | —0 | —0 |
Guide and counsel students with adjustments or academic problems, or special academic interests. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors. | —0 | —0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities such as restrooms. | —0 | —0 |
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence. | —0 | —0 |
Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs. | —0 | —0 |
Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required. | —0 | —0 |
Perform administrative duties such as assisting in school libraries, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | —0 | —0 |
Select, store, order, issue, inventory, and maintain classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.O*NET Task ID 6611 | 1.0 |
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate those objectives to students.O*NET Task ID 6613 | 1.0 |
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.O*NET Task ID 6621 | 1.0 |
Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors.O*NET Task ID 6626 | 1.0 |
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.O*NET Task ID 6631 | 1.0 |
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence.O*NET Task ID 6633 | 1.0 |
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.O*NET Task ID 6614 | 0.5 |
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.O*NET Task ID 6615 | 0.5 |
Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.O*NET Task ID 6616 | 0.5 |
Assign and grade class work and homework.O*NET Task ID 6618 | 0.5 |
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.O*NET Task ID 6620 | 0.5 |
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.O*NET Task ID 6627 | 0.5 |
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula.O*NET Task ID 6634 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs.O*NET Task ID 6635 | 0.5 |
Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students.O*NET Task ID 6608 | 0.0 |
Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage.O*NET Task ID 6609 | 0.0 |
Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations.O*NET Task ID 6610 | 0.0 |
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.O*NET Task ID 6612 | 0.0 |
Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students.O*NET Task ID 6617 | 0.0 |
Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.O*NET Task ID 6619 | 0.0 |
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.O*NET Task ID 6622 | 0.0 |
Guide and counsel students with adjustments, academic problems, or special academic interests.O*NET Task ID 6623 | 0.0 |
Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems.O*NET Task ID 6624 | 0.0 |
Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine priorities for their children and their resource needs.O*NET Task ID 6625 | 0.0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.O*NET Task ID 6628 | 0.0 |
Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress.O*NET Task ID 6629 | 0.0 |
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.O*NET Task ID 6632 | 0.0 |
Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required.O*NET Task ID 6636 | 0.0 |
Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading.O*NET Task ID 6637 | 0.0 |
Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.O*NET Task ID 6638 | 0.0 |
Select, store, order, issue, inventory, and maintain classroom equipment, materials, and supplies.O*NET Task ID 20241 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (31)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. | Core |
| Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. | Core |
| Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. | Core |
| Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | Core |
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | Core |
| Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate those objectives to students. | Core |
| Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate. | Core |
| Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. | Core |
| Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress. | Core |
| Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students. | Core |
| Assign and grade class work and homework. | Core |
| Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. | Core |
| Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations. | Core |
| Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools. | Core |
| Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. | Core |
| Guide and counsel students with adjustments, academic problems, or special academic interests. | Core |
| Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. | Core |
| Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine priorities for their children and their resource needs. | Core |
| Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors. | Core |
| Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help. | Core |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | Core |
| Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress. | Core |
| Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration. | Core |
| Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities. | Core |
| Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence. | Core |
| Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula. | Core |
| Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs. | Core |
| Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required. | Core |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | Core |
| Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests. | Core |
| Select, store, order, issue, inventory, and maintain classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | Core |
0.08/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. | E0 none |
| Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. | E0 none |
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate. | E0 none |
| Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations. | E0 none |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | E0 none |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | E0 none |
| Select, store, order, issue, inventory, and maintain classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 17K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 17K
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.5%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $65,030
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26216 | 전문기술 교사 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2320Vocational Education Teachers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Vocational education teachers teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which university or higher education is not normally required.
Tasks
- (a) developing curricula and planning course content and methods of instruction;
- (b) determining training needs of students or workers and liaising with individuals, industry and other education sectors to ensure provision of relevant education and training programmes;
- (c) presenting lectures and conducting discussions to increase students' knowledge and competence;
- (d) instructing and monitoring students in the use of tools, equipment and materials and the prevention of injury and damage;
- (e) observing and evaluating students' work to determine progress, provide feedback, and make suggestions for improvement;
- (f) administering oral, written or performance tests to measure progress, evaluate training effectiveness and assess competency;
- (g) preparing reports and maintaining records such as student grades, attendance rolls, and training activity details;
- (h) supervising independent or group projects, field placements, laboratory work or other training;
- (i) providing individualized instruction and tutorial or remedial instruction;
- (j) conducting on-the-job training sessions to teach and demonstrate principles, techniques, procedures, or methods of designated subjects.
Example occupations
Automotive technology instructor · Cosmetology instructor · Vocational education teacher
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- secondary school teacherESCO 2330.1This occupation is narrower
Secondary school teachers provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually specialist subject teachers, who instruct in their own field of study. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary and evaluate their knowledge and performance through assignments, tests and examinations.
- industrial arts vocational teacherESCO 2320.1.16This occupation is broader
Industrial arts vocational teachers instruct students in their specialised field of study, industrial arts, which is predominantly practical in nature. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master for an industrial arts-related profession, working with wood and metal, such as carpenter or sheet metal worker. Industrial arts vocational teachers monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance on the subject of industrial arts through assignments, tests and examinations.
- vocational teacherESCO 2320.1This occupation is broader
Vocational teachers instruct students in their specialised field of study, which is predominantly practical in nature. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques that the students must subsequently master in the specialised vocation of their choice and aid in the development of the according attitudes and values. Vocational teachers monitor the students progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance on the subject through assignments, tests and examinations.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2107 | Professeur / Professeure de collège et de lycée | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K2109 | Professeur / Professeure d'enseignement technologique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2220 | Profesores de formación profesional (materias específicas) | This occupation is narrower |
| 2230 | Profesores de enseñanza secundaria (excepto materias específicas de formación profesional) | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84124 | Lehrkräfte in der Sekundarstufe - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 84214 | Lehrkräfte für berufsbildende Fächer - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 193 | 中学校教員 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources