Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary
Educational Instruction and Library Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 25-9044.00
Assist faculty or other instructional staff in postsecondary institutions by performing instructional support activities, such as developing teaching materials, leading discussion groups, preparing and giving examinations, and grading examinations or papers.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.100
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only20 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (70.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 25-1191.00 Graduate Teaching Assistants, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Develop teaching materials, such as syllabi, visual aids, answer keys, supplementary notes, or course Web sites.25-1191.00 | 0.083743.5 | 0.018855.3 |
Prepare or proctor examinations.25-1191.00 | 0.049625.8 | —0 |
Teach undergraduate level courses.25-1191.00 | 0.035118.3 | 0.004713.8 |
Assist faculty members or staff with student conferences.25-1191.00 | 0.00824.3 | —0 |
Evaluate and grade examinations, assignments, or papers and record grades.25-1191.00 | 0.00733.8 | 0.010530.9 |
Provide instructors with assistance in the use of audiovisual equipment.25-1191.00 | 0.00472.4 | —0 |
Provide assistance to faculty members or staff with laboratory or field research.25-1191.00 | 0.00211.1 | —0 |
Return assignments to students in accordance with established deadlines.25-1191.00 | 0.00160.8 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 11 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Lead discussion sections, tutorials, or laboratory sections. | —0 | —0 |
Schedule and maintain regular office hours to meet with students. | —0 | —0 |
Inform students of the procedures for completing and submitting class work, such as lab reports. | —0 | —0 |
Notify instructors of errors or problems with assignments. | —0 | —0 |
Meet with supervisors to discuss students' grades or to complete required grade-related paperwork. | —0 | —0 |
Copy and distribute classroom materials. | —0 | —0 |
Demonstrate use of laboratory equipment and enforce laboratory rules. | —0 | —0 |
Complete laboratory projects prior to assigning them to students so that any needed modifications can be made. | —0 | —0 |
Arrange for supervisors to conduct teaching observations; meet with supervisors to receive feedback about teaching performance. | —0 | —0 |
Attend lectures given by the instructor whom they are assisting. | —0 | —0 |
Order or obtain materials needed for classes. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Return assignments to students in accordance with established deadlines.O*NET Task ID 10957 | 1.0 |
Inform students of the procedures for completing and submitting class work, such as lab reports.O*NET Task ID 10959 | 1.0 |
Notify instructors of errors or problems with assignments.O*NET Task ID 10961 | 1.0 |
Meet with supervisors to discuss students' grades or to complete required grade-related paperwork.O*NET Task ID 10962 | 1.0 |
Complete laboratory projects prior to assigning them to students so that any needed modifications can be made.O*NET Task ID 10966 | 1.0 |
Develop teaching materials, such as syllabi, visual aids, answer keys, supplementary notes, or course Web sites.O*NET Task ID 10967 | 1.0 |
Evaluate and grade examinations, assignments, or papers, and record grades.O*NET Task ID 10956 | 0.5 |
Prepare or proctor examinations.O*NET Task ID 10960 | 0.5 |
Teach undergraduate-level courses.O*NET Task ID 10965 | 0.5 |
Provide assistance to faculty members or staff with laboratory or field research.O*NET Task ID 10968 | 0.5 |
Order or obtain materials needed for classes.O*NET Task ID 10971 | 0.5 |
Provide instructors with assistance in the use of audiovisual equipment.O*NET Task ID 10972 | 0.5 |
Assist faculty members or staff with student conferences.O*NET Task ID 10973 | 0.5 |
Tutor or mentor students who need additional instruction.O*NET Task ID 20878 | 0.5 |
Lead discussion sections, tutorials, or laboratory sections.O*NET Task ID 10955 | 0.0 |
Schedule and maintain regular office hours to meet with students.O*NET Task ID 10958 | 0.0 |
Copy and distribute classroom materials.O*NET Task ID 10963 | 0.0 |
Demonstrate use of laboratory equipment and enforce laboratory rules.O*NET Task ID 10964 | 0.0 |
Attend lectures given by the supervising instructor.O*NET Task ID 20879 | 0.0 |
Arrange for supervisors to conduct teaching observations and provide feedback about teaching performance.O*NET Task ID 20880 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Lead discussion sections, tutorials, or laboratory sections. | Core |
| Evaluate and grade examinations, assignments, or papers, and record grades. | Core |
| Return assignments to students in accordance with established deadlines. | Core |
| Schedule and maintain regular office hours to meet with students. | Core |
| Inform students of the procedures for completing and submitting class work, such as lab reports. | Core |
| Prepare or proctor examinations. | Core |
| Notify instructors of errors or problems with assignments. | Core |
| Meet with supervisors to discuss students' grades or to complete required grade-related paperwork. | Core |
| Copy and distribute classroom materials. | Core |
| Teach undergraduate-level courses. | Core |
| Develop teaching materials, such as syllabi, visual aids, answer keys, supplementary notes, or course Web sites. | Core |
| Order or obtain materials needed for classes. | Core |
| Tutor or mentor students who need additional instruction. | Core |
| Demonstrate use of laboratory equipment and enforce laboratory rules. | Supplemental |
| Complete laboratory projects prior to assigning them to students so that any needed modifications can be made. | Supplemental |
| Provide assistance to faculty members or staff with laboratory or field research. | Supplemental |
| Provide instructors with assistance in the use of audiovisual equipment. | Supplemental |
| Assist faculty members or staff with student conferences. | Supplemental |
| Attend lectures given by the supervising instructor. | Supplemental |
| Arrange for supervisors to conduct teaching observations and provide feedback about teaching performance. | Supplemental |
0.10/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Copy and distribute classroom materials. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Order or obtain materials needed for classes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Demonstrate use of laboratory equipment and enforce laboratory rules. | E0 none |
| Complete laboratory projects prior to assigning them to students so that any needed modifications can be made. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Provide assistance to faculty members or staff with laboratory or field research. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Provide instructors with assistance in the use of audiovisual equipment. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 206K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 211K
- Change (2025–35)
- +2.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $42,910
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26920 | 대학 교육 조교 | Same scope | confirmed |
| 37102 | 대학 행정조교 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2310University and Higher Education Teachers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.
Tasks
- (a) designing and modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in accordance with requirements;
- (b) preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials, seminars and laboratory experiments;
- (c) stimulating discussion and independent thought among students;
- (d) supervising, where appropriate, experimental and practical work undertaken by students;
- (e) administering, evaluating and marking examination papers and tests;
- (f) directing research of post-graduate students or other members of department;
- (g) researching into and developing concepts, theories and operational methods for application in industrial and other fields;
- (h) preparing scholarly books, papers or articles;
- (i) participating in departmental and faculty meetings and in conferences and seminars;
Example occupations
Higher education lecturer · Professor · University lecturer · University tutor
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- university teaching assistantESCO 2310.1.42Same scope
University teaching assistants are graduate students or recent graduates employed on a temporary contract at a university or a college for teaching-related responsibilities. They assist the professor, lecturer or teacher of the specific course they are in charge of in the preparation of lectures and of exams, grading papers and exams and leading review and feedback sessions for the students.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2108 | Professeur / Professeure des universités | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2210 | Profesores de universidades y otra enseñanza superior (excepto formación profesional) | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84304 | Berufe in der Hochschullehre und -forschung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 198 | 大学教員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources