Dentists, General

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations

O*NET-SOC code: 29-1021.00

Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.031
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.15
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

20 rated tasks · 9 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (45.0%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Advise or instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, or oral health care services. 29-1021.00	0.035285.0	0.006172.6
Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments. 29-1021.00	0.00225.3	—0
Formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue. 29-1021.00	0.00204.8	—0
Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services. 29-1021.00	0.00204.8	—0
Analyze or evaluate dental needs to determine changes or trends in patterns of dental disease.	—0	0.002327.4
Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures.	—0	—0
Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians.	—0	—0
Fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials.	—0	—0
Write prescriptions for antibiotics or other medications.	—0	—0
Treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments.	—0	—0
Eliminate irritating margins of fillings and correct occlusions, using dental instruments.	—0	—0
Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth.	—0	—0
Remove diseased tissue, using surgical instruments.	—0	—0
Apply fluoride or sealants to teeth.	—0	—0
Bleach, clean, or polish teeth to restore natural color.	—0	—0
Plan, organize, or maintain dental health programs.	—0	—0
Produce or evaluate dental health educational materials.	—0	—0
Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases.	—0	—0
Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements.	—0	—0
Manage business aspects such as employing or supervising staff or handling paperwork or insurance claims.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write prescriptions for antibiotics or other medications. O*NET Task ID 6933	1.0
Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments. O*NET Task ID 6926	0.5
Formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue. O*NET Task ID 6927	0.5
Advise or instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, or oral health care services. O*NET Task ID 6929	0.5
Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians. O*NET Task ID 6930	0.5
Analyze or evaluate dental needs to determine changes or trends in patterns of dental disease. O*NET Task ID 6934	0.5
Plan, organize, or maintain dental health programs. O*NET Task ID 6942	0.5
Produce or evaluate dental health educational materials. O*NET Task ID 6943	0.5
Manage business aspects such as employing or supervising staff or handling paperwork or insurance claims. O*NET Task ID 20564	0.5
Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures. O*NET Task ID 6925	0.0
Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services. O*NET Task ID 6931	0.0
Fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials. O*NET Task ID 6932	0.0
Treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments. O*NET Task ID 6935	0.0
Eliminate irritating margins of fillings and correct occlusions, using dental instruments. O*NET Task ID 6936	0.0
Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth. O*NET Task ID 6937	0.0
Remove diseased tissue, using surgical instruments. O*NET Task ID 6938	0.0
Apply fluoride or sealants to teeth. O*NET Task ID 6939	0.0
Bleach, clean, or polish teeth to restore natural color. O*NET Task ID 6941	0.0
Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases. O*NET Task ID 20562	0.0
Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements. O*NET Task ID 20563	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures.	Core
Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments.	Core
Formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue.	Core
Advise or instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, or oral health care services.	Core
Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians.	Core
Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services.	Core
Fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials.	Core
Write prescriptions for antibiotics or other medications.	Core
Analyze or evaluate dental needs to determine changes or trends in patterns of dental disease.	Core
Treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments.	Core
Eliminate irritating margins of fillings and correct occlusions, using dental instruments.	Core
Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth.	Core
Remove diseased tissue, using surgical instruments.	Core
Apply fluoride or sealants to teeth.	Core
Bleach, clean, or polish teeth to restore natural color.	Core
Plan, organize, or maintain dental health programs.	Core
Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases.	Core
Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements.	Core
Manage business aspects such as employing or supervising staff or handling paperwork or insurance claims.	Core
Produce or evaluate dental health educational materials.	Supplemental

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures.	E0 none
Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments.	E0 none
Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians.	E0 none
Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services.	E0 none
Fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials.	E0 none
Treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments.	E0 none
Eliminate irritating margins of fillings and correct occlusions, using dental instruments.	E0 none
Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth.	E0 none
Remove diseased tissue, using surgical instruments.	E0 none
Apply fluoride or sealants to teeth.	E0 none
Bleach, clean, or polish teeth to restore natural color.	E0 none
Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases.	E0 none
Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements.	E0 none

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 142K
Projected employment, 2035: 150K
Change (2025–35): +5.7%
Median annual wage, 2025: $170,950
Typical education needed for entry: Doctoral or professional degree

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
24142	일반 치과의사	Same scope	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 2261Dentists

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Dentists diagnose, treat and prevent diseases, injuries and abnormalities of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues by applying the principles and procedures of modern dentistry. They use a broad range of specialized diagnostic, surgical and other techniques to promote and restore oral health.

Tasks

(a) diagnosing diseases, injuries, irregularities and malformations of teeth and associated structures in the mouth and jaw using a range of methods such as radiographs, salivary tests and medical histories;
(b) providing preventative oral health care such as periodontal treatments, fluoride applications and oral health promotion;
(c) administering anaesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures;
(d) prescribing medication for relief of ongoing pain after procedures;
(e) providing restorative oral care such as implants, complex crown and bridge restorations, and orthodontics, and repairing damaged and decayed teeth;
(f) providing surgical treatments such as extraction of teeth, biopsy of tissue, and performing orthodontic treatment;
(g) measuring and taking impressions of patients' jaws and teeth in order to determine the shape and size of dental prostheses;
(h) designing, making and fitting prosthodontic appliances such as space maintainers, bridges, and dentures, or writing fabrication instructions or prescriptions for dental prosthetic technicians;
(i) restoring oral function with removable and fixed oral prostheses;
(j) assisting in diagnosing general diseases having oral manifestations such as diabetes;
(k) educating patients and families on dental hygiene, nutrition and other measures to take care of oral health;
(l) supervising dental hygienists, dental assistants and other staff.

Example occupations

Dental Practitioner · Dental surgeon · Dentist · Endodontist · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon · Oral Pathologist · Orthodontist · Paedodontist · Periodontist · Prosthodontist · Stomatologist

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

dental practitionerESCO 2261.1Same scope
Dental practitioners prevent, diagnose and treat anomalies and diseases affecting the teeth, mouth, jaws and adjoining tissues.
dentistry lecturerESCO 2310.1.12Overlapping, not the same
Dentistry lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, dentistry, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, for grading papers and exams, for leading laboratory practices, and for leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their respective field of dentistry, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
specialist dentistESCO 2261.2Overlapping, not the same
Specialist dentists prevent, diagnose and treat anomalies and diseases affecting the teeth, mouth, jaws and adjoining tissues specialised in oral surgery or orthodontics.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
J1103	Dentiste	Same scope
J1141	Orthodontiste	Related, not a match

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
2151	Odontólogos y estomatólogos	Same scopeprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
81474	Zahnärzte/-ärztinnen und Kieferorthopäden/-orthopädinnen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	Same scopeprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
122	歯科医師	Same scopeprovisional

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources