Nurse Midwives
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1161.00
Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.052
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.30
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only21 rated tasks · 12 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (57.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Write information in medical records or provide narrative summaries to communicate patient information to other health care providers.29-1161.00 | 0.015932.7 |
Develop and implement individualized plans for health care management.29-1161.00 | 0.007014.5 |
Explain procedures to patients, family members, staff members or others.29-1161.00 | 0.006914.2 |
Plan, provide, or evaluate educational programs for nursing staff, health care teams, or the community.29-1161.00 | 0.00449.1 |
Manage newborn care during the first weeks of life.29-1161.00 | 0.00347.0 |
Provide patients with direct family planning services such as inserting intrauterine devices, dispensing oral contraceptives, and fitting cervical barriers including cervical caps or diaphragms.29-1161.00 | 0.00255.1 |
Document patients' health histories, symptoms, physical conditions, or other diagnostic information.29-1161.00 | 0.00234.8 |
Provide primary health care, including pregnancy and childbirth, to women.29-1161.00 | 0.00214.3 |
Conduct clinical research on topics such as maternal or infant health care, contraceptive methods, breastfeeding, and gynecological care.29-1161.00 | 0.00214.3 |
Document findings of physical examinations.29-1161.00 | 0.00204.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 10 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Educate patients and family members regarding prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, newborn, or interconceptional care. | —0 |
Provide prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, or newborn care to patients. | —0 |
Monitor fetal development by listening to fetal heartbeat, taking external uterine measurements, identifying fetal position, or estimating fetal size and weight. | —0 |
Perform physical examinations by taking vital signs, checking neurological reflexes, examining breasts, or performing pelvic examinations. | —0 |
Consult with or refer patients to appropriate specialists when conditions exceed the scope of practice or expertise. | —0 |
Initiate emergency interventions to stabilize patients. | —0 |
Order and interpret diagnostic or laboratory tests. | —0 |
Prescribe medications as permitted by state regulations. | —0 |
Establish practice guidelines for specialty areas such as primary health care of women, care of the childbearing family, and newborn care. | —0 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in midwifery. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Document patients' health histories, symptoms, physical conditions, or other diagnostic information.O*NET Task ID 18443 | 1.0 |
Document findings of physical examinations.O*NET Task ID 18448 | 1.0 |
Explain procedures to patients, family members, staff members or others.O*NET Task ID 18449 | 1.0 |
Write information in medical records or provide narrative summaries to communicate patient information to other health care providers.O*NET Task ID 18456 | 1.0 |
Consult with or refer patients to appropriate specialists when conditions exceed the scope of practice or expertise.O*NET Task ID 18446 | 0.5 |
Develop and implement individualized plans for health care management.O*NET Task ID 18447 | 0.5 |
Order and interpret diagnostic or laboratory tests.O*NET Task ID 18453 | 0.5 |
Prescribe medications as permitted by state regulations.O*NET Task ID 18454 | 0.5 |
Conduct clinical research on topics such as maternal or infant health care, contraceptive methods, breastfeeding, and gynecological care.O*NET Task ID 18457 | 0.5 |
Establish practice guidelines for specialty areas such as primary health care of women, care of the childbearing family, and newborn care.O*NET Task ID 18458 | 0.5 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in midwifery.O*NET Task ID 18459 | 0.5 |
Plan, provide, or evaluate educational programs for nursing staff, health care teams, or the community.O*NET Task ID 18460 | 0.5 |
Educate patients and family members regarding prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, newborn, or interconception care.O*NET Task ID 18441 | 0.0 |
Provide prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, or newborn care to patients.O*NET Task ID 18442 | 0.0 |
Monitor fetal development by listening to fetal heartbeat, taking external uterine measurements, identifying fetal position, or estimating fetal size and weight.O*NET Task ID 18444 | 0.0 |
Perform physical examinations by taking vital signs, checking neurological reflexes, examining breasts, or performing pelvic examinations.O*NET Task ID 18445 | 0.0 |
Initiate emergency interventions to stabilize patients.O*NET Task ID 18450 | 0.0 |
Manage newborn care during the first weeks of life.O*NET Task ID 18451 | 0.0 |
Provide primary health care, including pregnancy and childbirth, to women.O*NET Task ID 18452 | 0.0 |
Provide patients with direct family planning services, such as inserting intrauterine devices, dispensing oral contraceptives, and fitting cervical barriers, including cervical caps or diaphragms.O*NET Task ID 18455 | 0.0 |
Instruct student nurse midwives, medical students, or residents on the birthing process.O*NET Task ID 23919 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (21)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Educate patients and family members regarding prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, newborn, or interconception care. | Core |
| Provide prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, or newborn care to patients. | Core |
| Document patients' health histories, symptoms, physical conditions, or other diagnostic information. | Core |
| Monitor fetal development by listening to fetal heartbeat, taking external uterine measurements, identifying fetal position, or estimating fetal size and weight. | Core |
| Perform physical examinations by taking vital signs, checking neurological reflexes, examining breasts, or performing pelvic examinations. | Core |
| Consult with or refer patients to appropriate specialists when conditions exceed the scope of practice or expertise. | Core |
| Develop and implement individualized plans for health care management. | Core |
| Document findings of physical examinations. | Core |
| Explain procedures to patients, family members, staff members or others. | Core |
| Initiate emergency interventions to stabilize patients. | Core |
| Provide primary health care, including pregnancy and childbirth, to women. | Core |
| Order and interpret diagnostic or laboratory tests. | Core |
| Prescribe medications as permitted by state regulations. | Core |
| Provide patients with direct family planning services, such as inserting intrauterine devices, dispensing oral contraceptives, and fitting cervical barriers, including cervical caps or diaphragms. | Core |
| Write information in medical records or provide narrative summaries to communicate patient information to other health care providers. | Core |
| Conduct clinical research on topics such as maternal or infant health care, contraceptive methods, breastfeeding, and gynecological care. | Core |
| Establish practice guidelines for specialty areas such as primary health care of women, care of the childbearing family, and newborn care. | Core |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in midwifery. | Core |
| Plan, provide, or evaluate educational programs for nursing staff, health care teams, or the community. | Core |
| Instruct student nurse midwives, medical students, or residents on the birthing process. | Core |
| Manage newborn care during the first weeks of life. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Provide prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, or newborn care to patients. | E0 none |
| Monitor fetal development by listening to fetal heartbeat, taking external uterine measurements, identifying fetal position, or estimating fetal size and weight. | E0 none |
| Perform physical examinations by taking vital signs, checking neurological reflexes, examining breasts, or performing pelvic examinations. | E0 none |
| Initiate emergency interventions to stabilize patients. | E0 none |
| Provide primary health care, including pregnancy and childbirth, to women. | E0 none |
| Provide patients with direct family planning services, such as inserting intrauterine devices, dispensing oral contraceptives, and fitting cervical barriers, including cervical caps or diaphragms. | E0 none |
| Manage newborn care during the first weeks of life. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 8K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 9K
- Change (2025–35)
- +11.5%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $134,040
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24404 | 조산사 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2222Midwifery Professionals
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They provide delivery care for reducing health risks to women and newborn children, working autonomously or in teams with other health care providers.
Tasks
- (a) planning, providing and evaluating care and support services for women and babies before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth according to the practice and standards of modern midwifery care;
- (b) providing advice to women and families and conducting community education on health, nutrition, hygiene, exercise, birth and emergency plans, breastfeeding, infant care, family planning and contraception, lifestyle and other topics related to pregnancy and childbirth;
- (c) assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, managing complications and recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical doctor with specialized skills in obstetrics;
- (d) monitoring the health status of newborns, managing complications and recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical doctor with specialized skills in neonatology;
- (e) monitoring pain and discomfort experienced by women during labour and delivery and alleviating pain using a variety of therapies, including the use of painkilling drugs;
- (f) reporting births to government authorities to meet legal and professional requirements;
- (g) conducting research on midwifery practices and procedures and disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and reports;
- (h) planning and conducting midwifery education activities in clinical and community settings.
Example occupations
Professional midwife
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- advanced nurse practitionerESCO 2221.1This occupation is broader
Advanced nurse practitioners are in charge of promoting and restoring patients` health, provide diagnosis and care in advanced settings, coordinating care within areas of chronic disease management, providing integrated care, and supervising assigned team members. Advanced nurse practitioners are general care nurses who have acquired an expert knowledge base, complex decision making skills and clinical competencies for expanded clinical practice on advanced level.
- specialist nurseESCO 2221.3This occupation is broader
Specialist nurses promote and restore people's health, and diagnose and care within a specific branch of the nursing field. Examples of such specialist nursing jobs include but are not restricted to; ambulatory care nurse, advanced practice nurse, cardiac nurse, dental nurse, community health nurse, forensic nurse, gastroenterology nurse, hospice and palliative care nurse, paediatric nurse, public health nurse, rehabilitation nurse, renal nurse and school nurse. Specialist nurses are general care nurses prepared beyond the level of a nurse generalist and authorised to practice as specialists with specific expertise in a branch of the nursing field.
- auxiliary nursing and midwifery vocational teacherESCO 2320.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Auxiliary nursing and midwifery vocational teachers instruct students in their specialised field of study, auxiliary nursing and midwifery, which is predominantly practical in nature. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master. Auxiliary nursing and midwifery vocational teachers monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance on the subject of auxiliary nursing and midwifery through assignments, tests and examinations.
- midwifeESCO 2222.1Overlapping, not the same
Midwives assist women in childbirth by providing the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, conduct births and provide care for the new-born. They advise on health, preventive measures, preparation for parenthood, detection of complications in mother and child, accessing of medical care, promoting normal birth and carrying out emergency measures.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1104 | Homme sage-femme / Sage-femme | Same scope |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2123 | Matronos | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81353 | Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Same scope |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 132 | 助産師 | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources