Allergists and Immunologists
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1229.01
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease processes affecting the immune system.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.030
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.27–0.29· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2211Generalist Medical Practitioners0.29
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners0.27
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only16 rated tasks · 12 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (75.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 29-1069.01 Allergists and Immunologists, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Educate patients about diagnoses, prognoses, or treatments.29-1069.01 | 0.027439.8 | 0.003411.6 |
Develop individualized treatment plans for patients, considering patient preferences, clinical data, or the risks and benefits of therapies.29-1069.01 | 0.021030.6 | 0.025788.4 |
Interpret diagnostic test results to make appropriate differential diagnoses.29-1069.01 | 0.020329.6 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Engage in self-directed learning and continuing education activities. | —0 | —0 |
Document patients' medical histories. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct laboratory or clinical research on allergy or immunology topics. | —0 | —0 |
Provide allergy or immunology consultation or education to physicians or other health care providers. | —0 | —0 |
Prescribe medication such as antihistamines, antibiotics, and nasal, oral, topical, or inhaled glucocorticosteroids. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct physical examinations of patients. | —0 | —0 |
Order or perform diagnostic tests such as skin pricks and intradermal, patch, or delayed hypersensitivity tests. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate the care of patients with other health care professionals or support staff. | —0 | —0 |
Assess the risks and benefits of therapies for allergic and immunologic disorders. | —0 | —0 |
Provide therapies, such as allergen immunotherapy and immunoglobin therapy, to treat immune conditions. | —0 | —0 |
Perform allergen provocation tests such as nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, oral, food, and medication challenges. | —0 | —0 |
Diagnose or treat allergic or immunologic conditions. | —0 | —0 |
Present research findings at national meetings or in peer-reviewed journals. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Present research findings at national meetings or in peer-reviewed journals.O*NET Task ID 17061 | 1.0 |
Engage in self-directed learning and continuing education activities.O*NET Task ID 17062 | 1.0 |
Document patients' medical histories.O*NET Task ID 17063 | 1.0 |
Conduct laboratory or clinical research on allergy or immunology topics.O*NET Task ID 17064 | 0.5 |
Provide allergy or immunology consultation or education to physicians or other health care providers.O*NET Task ID 17065 | 0.5 |
Prescribe medication such as antihistamines, antibiotics, and nasal, oral, topical, or inhaled glucocorticosteroids.O*NET Task ID 17066 | 0.5 |
Educate patients about diagnoses, prognoses, or treatments.O*NET Task ID 17069 | 0.5 |
Interpret diagnostic test results to make appropriate differential diagnoses.O*NET Task ID 17070 | 0.5 |
Develop individualized treatment plans for patients, considering patient preferences, clinical data, or the risks and benefits of therapies.O*NET Task ID 17071 | 0.5 |
Coordinate the care of patients with other health care professionals or support staff.O*NET Task ID 17072 | 0.5 |
Assess the risks and benefits of therapies for allergic and immunologic disorders.O*NET Task ID 17073 | 0.5 |
Diagnose or treat allergic or immunologic conditions.O*NET Task ID 17076 | 0.5 |
Conduct physical examinations of patients.O*NET Task ID 17067 | 0.0 |
Order or perform diagnostic tests such as skin pricks and intradermal, patch, or delayed hypersensitivity tests.O*NET Task ID 17068 | 0.0 |
Provide therapies, such as allergen immunotherapy or immunoglobin therapy, to treat immune conditions.O*NET Task ID 17074 | 0.0 |
Perform allergen provocation tests such as nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, oral, food, or medication challenges.O*NET Task ID 17075 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Engage in self-directed learning and continuing education activities. | Core |
| Document patients' medical histories. | Core |
| Provide allergy or immunology consultation or education to physicians or other health care providers. | Core |
| Prescribe medication such as antihistamines, antibiotics, and nasal, oral, topical, or inhaled glucocorticosteroids. | Core |
| Conduct physical examinations of patients. | Core |
| Order or perform diagnostic tests such as skin pricks and intradermal, patch, or delayed hypersensitivity tests. | Core |
| Educate patients about diagnoses, prognoses, or treatments. | Core |
| Interpret diagnostic test results to make appropriate differential diagnoses. | Core |
| Develop individualized treatment plans for patients, considering patient preferences, clinical data, or the risks and benefits of therapies. | Core |
| Coordinate the care of patients with other health care professionals or support staff. | Core |
| Assess the risks and benefits of therapies for allergic and immunologic disorders. | Core |
| Provide therapies, such as allergen immunotherapy or immunoglobin therapy, to treat immune conditions. | Core |
| Perform allergen provocation tests such as nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, oral, food, or medication challenges. | Core |
| Diagnose or treat allergic or immunologic conditions. | Core |
| Present research findings at national meetings or in peer-reviewed journals. | Supplemental |
| Conduct laboratory or clinical research on allergy or immunology topics. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Conduct physical examinations of patients. | E0 none |
| Order or perform diagnostic tests such as skin pricks and intradermal, patch, or delayed hypersensitivity tests. | E0 none |
| Perform allergen provocation tests such as nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, oral, food, or medication challenges. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 29-1229 group (Physicians, all other), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 367K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 380K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $265,930
- Typical education needed for entry
- Doctoral or professional degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24111 | 내과 전문 의사 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2211Generalist Medical Practitioners
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- specialised doctorESCO 2212.1This occupation is narrower
Specialised doctors prevent, diagnose and treat diseases depending on their medical or surgical specialty.
- immunologistESCO 2131.6This occupation is broader
Immunologists research the immune system of living organisms (e.g. human body) and the way it reacts to external infections or invasive harmful agents (e.g. virus, bacteria, parasites). They focus their study on those diseases that affect the immunology of living organisms in order to classify them for treatment.
- epidemiologistESCO 2131.4.7Overlapping, not the same
Epidemiologists centre their research on origin and causes for illness eruption in humans. They determine the way in which diseases are spread out and propose risk preventive measures to health policy organisms.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1129 | Allergologue | Same scopeprovisional |
| J1102 | Médecin généraliste | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2112 | Otros médicos especialistas | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81484 | Ärzte/Ärztinnen (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 81414 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 81424 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in der Inneren Medizin - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 81444 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in den Bereichen Hautkrankheiten, Sinnes- und Geschlechtsorgane - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 121 | 医師 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources