Pediatric Surgeons
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1243.00
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.27
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only18 rated tasks · 11 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (61.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 29-1067.00 Surgeons, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons.29-1067.00 | 0.005871.6 |
Prepare case histories.29-1067.00 | 0.002328.4 |
| Not observed on any surface — 11 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies, physical condition, and examination results to verify operation's necessity and to determine best procedure. | —0 |
Operate on patients to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions. | —0 |
Follow established surgical techniques during the operation. | —0 |
Prescribe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures, such as sedatives, diets, antibiotics, and preparation and treatment of the patient's operative area. | —0 |
Examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk. | —0 |
Diagnose bodily disorders and orthopedic conditions and provide treatments, such as medicines and surgeries, in clinics, hospital wards, and operating rooms. | —0 |
Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff. | —0 |
Refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioners when necessary. | —0 |
Examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility. | —0 |
Manage surgery services, including planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, and procurement of supplies and equipment. | —0 |
Conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Describe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures, such as sedatives, diets, antibiotics, or preparation and treatment of the patient's operative area, to parents or guardians of the patient.O*NET Task ID 22763 | 1.0 |
Prepare case histories.O*NET Task ID 22775 | 1.0 |
Analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies, physical condition, and examination results to verify operation's necessity and to determine best procedure.O*NET Task ID 22760 | 0.5 |
Conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes.O*NET Task ID 22761 | 0.5 |
Consult with patient's other medical care specialists, such as cardiologist and endocrinologist, to determine if surgery is necessary.O*NET Task ID 22762 | 0.5 |
Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff.O*NET Task ID 22764 | 0.5 |
Inform parents and guardians of child's health problems and surgical procedures through various channels, such as in-person and telecommunication systems.O*NET Task ID 22769 | 0.5 |
Interpret results of preoperative tests and physical examinations.O*NET Task ID 22770 | 0.5 |
Manage surgery services, including planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, or procurement of supplies and equipment.O*NET Task ID 22771 | 0.5 |
Monitor patient's recovery, making follow-up visits and using postoperative assessment techniques, such as blood and imaging tests.O*NET Task ID 22772 | 0.5 |
Refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioners when necessary.O*NET Task ID 22777 | 0.5 |
Examine fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, and diagnose health issues to determine need for intervention, such as surgery.O*NET Task ID 22765 | 0.0 |
Examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility.O*NET Task ID 22766 | 0.0 |
Examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk.O*NET Task ID 22767 | 0.0 |
Follow established surgical techniques during the operation.O*NET Task ID 22768 | 0.0 |
Operate on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions.O*NET Task ID 22773 | 0.0 |
Perform transplantation operations, such as organ transplants, on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents.O*NET Task ID 22774 | 0.0 |
Provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons.O*NET Task ID 22776 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (18)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies, physical condition, and examination results to verify operation's necessity and to determine best procedure. | — |
| Conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes. | — |
| Consult with patient's other medical care specialists, such as cardiologist and endocrinologist, to determine if surgery is necessary. | — |
| Describe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures, such as sedatives, diets, antibiotics, or preparation and treatment of the patient's operative area, to parents or guardians of the patient. | — |
| Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff. | — |
| Examine fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, and diagnose health issues to determine need for intervention, such as surgery. | — |
| Examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility. | — |
| Examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk. | — |
| Follow established surgical techniques during the operation. | — |
| Inform parents and guardians of child's health problems and surgical procedures through various channels, such as in-person and telecommunication systems. | — |
| Interpret results of preoperative tests and physical examinations. | — |
| Manage surgery services, including planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, or procurement of supplies and equipment. | — |
| Monitor patient's recovery, making follow-up visits and using postoperative assessment techniques, such as blood and imaging tests. | — |
| Operate on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions. | — |
| Perform transplantation operations, such as organ transplants, on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents. | — |
| Prepare case histories. | — |
| Provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons. | — |
| Refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioners when necessary. | — |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes. | E0 none |
| Examine fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, and diagnose health issues to determine need for intervention, such as surgery. | E0 none |
| Examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility. | E0 none |
| Examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk. | E0 none |
| Follow established surgical techniques during the operation. | E0 none |
| Monitor patient's recovery, making follow-up visits and using postoperative assessment techniques, such as blood and imaging tests. | E0 none |
| Operate on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions. | E0 none |
| Perform transplantation operations, such as organ transplants, on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents. | E0 none |
| Provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1K
- Change (2025–35)
- +2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $559,030
- Typical education needed for entry
- Doctoral or professional degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24112 | 외과 전문 의사 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Specialist medical practitioners (medical doctors) diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized testing, diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psychiatric techniques, through application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They specialize in certain disease categories, types of patient or methods of treatment and may conduct medical education and research in their chosen areas of specialization.
Tasks
- (a) conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status;
- (b) considering medical information provided by a referring doctor or other health care provider;
- (c) ordering specialized diagnostic tests to determine the nature of disorders or illnesses;
- (d) prescribing, administering and monitoring patients' responses to treatments, medications, anaesthetics, psychotherapies, physical rehabilitation programmes and other preventive and curative measures;
- (e) performing surgery of a general or specialized nature;
- (f) managing complications before, during and after childbirth;
- (g) recording patients' medical information and exchanging information with other health professionals to ensure the provision of comprehensive care;
- (h) reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities to meet legal and professional requirements;
- (i) providing information to patients and families and communities about preventive measures, treatment and care for specific ailments;
- (j) performing autopsies to determine cause of death;
- (k) conducting research into specific human disorders and illnesses and preventive or curative methods and disseminating the findings such as through scientific reports;
- (l) planning and participating in programmes designed to prevent the occurrence and spread of specific diseases.
Example occupations
Anaesthetist · Cardiologist · Emergency medicine specialist · Gynaecologist · Obstetrician · Ophthalmologist · Paediatrician · Pathologist · Preventive medicine specialist · Psychiatrist · Radiation oncologist · Radiologist · Resident medical officer in specialist training · Specialist medical practitioner (public health) · Specialist physician (internal medicine) · Specialist physician (nuclear medicine) · Surgeon
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- specialised doctorESCO 2212.1This occupation is narrower
Specialised doctors prevent, diagnose and treat diseases depending on their medical or surgical specialty.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1119 | Chirurgien / Chirurgienne | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| J1115 | Pédiatre | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2112 | Otros médicos especialistas | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81434 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in der Chirurgie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 121 | 医師 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources