Nursing Assistants
Healthcare Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 31-1131.00
Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.14
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only33 rated tasks · 5 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (15.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 31-1014.00 Nursing Assistants, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Explain medical instructions to patients or family members.31-1014.00 | 0.006739.0 | —0 |
Provide information such as directions, visiting hours, or patient status information to visitors or callers.31-1014.00 | 0.006034.9 | 0.0054100.0 |
Review patients' dietary restrictions, food allergies, and preferences to ensure patient receives appropriate diet.31-1014.00 | 0.002414.0 | —0 |
Observe or examine patients to detect symptoms that may require medical attention, such as bruises, open wounds, or blood in urine.31-1014.00 | 0.002112.2 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 29 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs. | —0 | —0 |
Apply clean dressings, slings, stockings, or support bandages, under direction of nurse or physician. | —0 | —0 |
Change bed linens or make beds. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | —0 | —0 |
Collect specimens, such as urine, feces, or sputum. | —0 | —0 |
Communicate with patients to ascertain feelings or need for assistance or social and emotional support. | —0 | —0 |
Document or otherwise report observations of patient behavior, complaints, or physical symptoms to nurses. | —0 | —0 |
Feed patients or assist patients to eat or drink. | —0 | —0 |
Gather information from caregivers, nurses, or physicians about patient condition, treatment plans, or appropriate activities. | —0 | —0 |
Measure and record food and liquid intake or urinary and fecal output, reporting changes to medical or nursing staff. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare or serve food trays. | —0 | —0 |
Provide physical support to assist patients to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | —0 | —0 |
Record height or weight of patients. | —0 | —0 |
Record vital signs, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration rate, as directed by medical or nursing staff. | —0 | —0 |
Remind patients to take medications or nutritional supplements. | —0 | —0 |
Restock patient rooms with personal hygiene items, such as towels, washcloths, soap, or toilet paper. | —0 | —0 |
Supply, collect, or empty bedpans. | —0 | —0 |
Turn or reposition bedridden patients. | —0 | —0 |
Undress, wash, and dress patients who are unable to do so for themselves. | —0 | —0 |
Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | —0 | —0 |
Administer medications or treatments, such as catheterizations, suppositories, irrigations, enemas, massages, or douches, as directed by a physician or nurse. | —0 | —0 |
Assist nurses or physicians in the operation of medical equipment or provision of patient care. | —0 | —0 |
Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | —0 | —0 |
Set up treating or testing equipment, such as oxygen tents, portable radiograph (x-ray) equipment, or overhead irrigation bottles, as directed by a physician or nurse. | —0 | —0 |
Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | —0 | —0 |
Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | —0 | —0 |
Wash, groom, shave, or drape patients to prepare them for surgery, treatment, or examination. | —0 | —0 |
Exercise patients who are comatose, paralyzed, or have restricted mobility. | —0 | —0 |
Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Document or otherwise report observations of patient behavior, complaints, or physical symptoms to nurses.O*NET Task ID 19324 | 1.0 |
Explain medical instructions to patients or family members.O*NET Task ID 19345 | 1.0 |
Observe or examine patients to detect symptoms that may require medical attention, such as bruises, open wounds, or blood in urine.O*NET Task ID 19328 | 0.5 |
Record height or weight of patients.O*NET Task ID 19332 | 0.5 |
Provide information, such as directions, visiting hours, or patient status information to visitors or callers.O*NET Task ID 19347 | 0.5 |
Administer medications or treatments, such as catheterizations, suppositories, irrigations, enemas, massages, or douches, as directed by a physician or nurse.O*NET Task ID 19316 | 0.0 |
Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs.O*NET Task ID 19317 | 0.0 |
Apply clean dressings, slings, stockings, or support bandages, under direction of nurse or physician.O*NET Task ID 19318 | 0.0 |
Assist nurses or physicians in the operation of medical equipment or provision of patient care.O*NET Task ID 19319 | 0.0 |
Change bed linens or make beds.O*NET Task ID 19320 | 0.0 |
Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas.O*NET Task ID 19321 | 0.0 |
Collect specimens, such as urine, feces, or sputum.O*NET Task ID 19322 | 0.0 |
Communicate with patients to ascertain feelings or need for assistance or social and emotional support.O*NET Task ID 19323 | 0.0 |
Feed patients or assist patients to eat or drink.O*NET Task ID 19325 | 0.0 |
Gather information from caregivers, nurses, or physicians about patient condition, treatment plans, or appropriate activities.O*NET Task ID 19326 | 0.0 |
Measure and record food and liquid intake or urinary and fecal output, reporting changes to medical or nursing staff.O*NET Task ID 19327 | 0.0 |
Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation.O*NET Task ID 19329 | 0.0 |
Prepare or serve food trays.O*NET Task ID 19330 | 0.0 |
Provide physical support to assist patients to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising.O*NET Task ID 19331 | 0.0 |
Record vital signs, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration rate, as directed by medical or nursing staff.O*NET Task ID 19333 | 0.0 |
Remind patients to take medications or nutritional supplements.O*NET Task ID 19334 | 0.0 |
Restock patient rooms with personal hygiene items, such as towels, washcloths, soap, or toilet paper.O*NET Task ID 19335 | 0.0 |
Review patients' dietary restrictions, food allergies, and preferences to ensure patient receives appropriate diet.O*NET Task ID 19336 | 0.0 |
Set up treating or testing equipment, such as oxygen tents, portable radiograph (x-ray) equipment, or overhead irrigation bottles, as directed by a physician or nurse.O*NET Task ID 19337 | 0.0 |
Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays.O*NET Task ID 19338 | 0.0 |
Supply, collect, or empty bedpans.O*NET Task ID 19339 | 0.0 |
Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds.O*NET Task ID 19340 | 0.0 |
Turn or reposition bedridden patients.O*NET Task ID 19341 | 0.0 |
Undress, wash, and dress patients who are unable to do so for themselves.O*NET Task ID 19342 | 0.0 |
Wash, groom, shave, or drape patients to prepare them for surgery, treatment, or examination.O*NET Task ID 19343 | 0.0 |
Exercise patients who are comatose, paralyzed, or have restricted mobility.O*NET Task ID 19344 | 0.0 |
Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers.O*NET Task ID 19346 | 0.0 |
Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel.O*NET Task ID 19348 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (33)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs. | Core |
| Assist nurses or physicians in the operation of medical equipment or provision of patient care. | Core |
| Change bed linens or make beds. | Core |
| Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | Core |
| Collect specimens, such as urine, feces, or sputum. | Core |
| Communicate with patients to ascertain feelings or need for assistance or social and emotional support. | Core |
| Document or otherwise report observations of patient behavior, complaints, or physical symptoms to nurses. | Core |
| Feed patients or assist patients to eat or drink. | Core |
| Gather information from caregivers, nurses, or physicians about patient condition, treatment plans, or appropriate activities. | Core |
| Measure and record food and liquid intake or urinary and fecal output, reporting changes to medical or nursing staff. | Core |
| Observe or examine patients to detect symptoms that may require medical attention, such as bruises, open wounds, or blood in urine. | Core |
| Prepare or serve food trays. | Core |
| Provide physical support to assist patients to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | Core |
| Record height or weight of patients. | Core |
| Record vital signs, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration rate, as directed by medical or nursing staff. | Core |
| Remind patients to take medications or nutritional supplements. | Core |
| Restock patient rooms with personal hygiene items, such as towels, washcloths, soap, or toilet paper. | Core |
| Review patients' dietary restrictions, food allergies, and preferences to ensure patient receives appropriate diet. | Core |
| Supply, collect, or empty bedpans. | Core |
| Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | Core |
| Turn or reposition bedridden patients. | Core |
| Undress, wash, and dress patients who are unable to do so for themselves. | Core |
| Wash, groom, shave, or drape patients to prepare them for surgery, treatment, or examination. | Core |
| Exercise patients who are comatose, paralyzed, or have restricted mobility. | Core |
| Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | Core |
| Provide information, such as directions, visiting hours, or patient status information to visitors or callers. | Core |
| Administer medications or treatments, such as catheterizations, suppositories, irrigations, enemas, massages, or douches, as directed by a physician or nurse. | Supplemental |
| Apply clean dressings, slings, stockings, or support bandages, under direction of nurse or physician. | Supplemental |
| Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | Supplemental |
| Set up treating or testing equipment, such as oxygen tents, portable radiograph (x-ray) equipment, or overhead irrigation bottles, as directed by a physician or nurse. | Supplemental |
| Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | Supplemental |
| Explain medical instructions to patients or family members. | Supplemental |
| Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | Supplemental |
0.21/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Assist nurses or physicians in the operation of medical equipment or provision of patient care. | E0 none |
| Change bed linens or make beds. | E0 none |
| Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Collect specimens, such as urine, feces, or sputum. | E0 none |
| Feed patients or assist patients to eat or drink. | E0 none |
| Measure and record food and liquid intake or urinary and fecal output, reporting changes to medical or nursing staff. | E0 none |
| Observe or examine patients to detect symptoms that may require medical attention, such as bruises, open wounds, or blood in urine. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Prepare or serve food trays. | E0 none |
| Provide physical support to assist patients to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | E0 none |
| Record height or weight of patients. | E0 none |
| Record vital signs, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration rate, as directed by medical or nursing staff. | E0 none |
| Restock patient rooms with personal hygiene items, such as towels, washcloths, soap, or toilet paper. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Supply, collect, or empty bedpans. | E0 none |
| Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Turn or reposition bedridden patients. | E2 structured facilities |
| Undress, wash, and dress patients who are unable to do so for themselves. | E0 none |
| Wash, groom, shave, or drape patients to prepare them for surgery, treatment, or examination. | E0 none |
| Exercise patients who are comatose, paralyzed, or have restricted mobility. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | E0 none |
| Administer medications or treatments, such as catheterizations, suppositories, irrigations, enemas, massages, or douches, as directed by a physician or nurse. | E0 none |
| Apply clean dressings, slings, stockings, or support bandages, under direction of nurse or physician. | E0 none |
| Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | E0 none |
| Set up treating or testing equipment, such as oxygen tents, portable radiograph (x-ray) equipment, or overhead irrigation bottles, as directed by a physician or nurse. | E0 none |
| Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1.5M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1.5M
- Change (2025–35)
- +2.6%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $42,260
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24950 | 간호조무사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 42220 | 간병인 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5321Health Care Assistants
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Health care assistants provide direct personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to patients and residents in a variety of health care settings such as hospitals, clinics and residential nursing care facilities. They generally work in implementation of established care plans and practices, and under the direct supervision of medical, nursing or other health professionals or associate professionals.
Tasks
- (a) providing care, support and treatment to patients and residents of medical, rehabilitative and residential care facilities according to treatment plans established by medical, nursing and other health professionals;
- (b) assisting patients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings;
- (c) positioning, lifting and turning patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on movable beds;
- (d) maintaining patients' environmental hygiene standards, such as cleaning patient rooms and changing bed linen;
- (e) providing massage and other non-pharmacological pain relief measures, such as during pregnancy and labour;
- (f) observing patients’ condition, responses and behaviour and reporting changes to a health professional.
Example occupations
Birth assistant (clinic or hospital) · Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) · Patient care assistant · Psychiatric aide
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- nurse assistantESCO 5321.1.1Same scope
Nurse assistants provide basic patient care under direction of nursing staff. They perform duties such as feed, bathe, dress, groom, move patients or change linens and may transfer or transport patients.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1501 | Aide-soignant / Aide-soignante | Same scopeprovisional |
| J1136 | Gérontologue | Related, not a match |
| J1304 | Auxiliaire de puériculture | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5611 | Auxiliares de enfermería hospitalaria | Same scopeprovisional |
| 5612 | Auxiliares de enfermería de atención primaria | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81301 | Berufe in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 82101 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 81352 | Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 371 | 看護助手 | This occupation is broader |
| 361 | 介護職員（医療・福祉施設等） | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources