Retail Loss Prevention Specialists
Protective Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 33-9099.02
Implement procedures and systems to prevent merchandise loss. Conduct audits and investigations of employee activity. May assist in developing policies, procedures, and systems for safeguarding assets.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.057
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.20
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only21 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (66.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Implement or monitor processes to reduce property or financial losses.33-9099.02 | 0.010353.4 |
Prepare written reports on investigations.33-9099.02 | 0.004221.6 |
Investigate known or suspected internal theft, external theft, or vendor fraud.33-9099.02 | 0.002613.5 |
Recommend methods to reduce potential financial fraud losses.33-9099.02 | 0.002211.5 |
| Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Collaborate with law enforcement agencies to report or investigate crimes. | —0 |
Conduct store audits to identify problem areas or procedural deficiencies. | —0 |
Direct work of contract security officers or other loss prevention agents. | —0 |
Identify and report merchandise or stock shortages. | —0 |
Inspect buildings, equipment, or access points to determine security risks. | —0 |
Maintain documentation or reports on security-related incidents or investigations. | —0 |
Monitor compliance with standard operating procedures for loss prevention, physical security, or risk management. | —0 |
Perform covert surveillance of areas susceptible to loss, such loading docks, distribution centers, or warehouses. | —0 |
Recommend new or improved processes or equipment to reduce risk exposure. | —0 |
Train establishment personnel in loss prevention activities. | —0 |
Verify proper functioning of physical security systems, such as closed-circuit televisions, alarms, sensor tag systems, or locks. | —0 |
Testify in civil or criminal court proceedings. | —0 |
Apprehend shoplifters in accordance with guidelines. | —0 |
Coordinate with risk management, human resources, or other departments to assist in company programs, investigations, or training. | —0 |
Identify and report safety concerns to maintain a safe shopping and working environment. | —0 |
Respond to critical incidents, such as catastrophic events, violent weather, or civil disorders. | —0 |
Conduct employee background investigations and review reports with operational or human resources managers. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain documentation or reports on security-related incidents or investigations.O*NET Task ID 17567 | 1.0 |
Prepare written reports on investigations.O*NET Task ID 17570 | 1.0 |
Implement or monitor processes to reduce property or financial losses.O*NET Task ID 17560 | 0.5 |
Investigate known or suspected internal theft, external theft, or vendor fraud.O*NET Task ID 17561 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with law enforcement agencies to report or investigate crimes.O*NET Task ID 17562 | 0.5 |
Conduct store audits to identify problem areas or procedural deficiencies.O*NET Task ID 17563 | 0.5 |
Identify and report merchandise or stock shortages.O*NET Task ID 17565 | 0.5 |
Inspect buildings, equipment, or access points to determine security risks.O*NET Task ID 17566 | 0.5 |
Monitor compliance with standard operating procedures for loss prevention, physical security, or risk management.O*NET Task ID 17568 | 0.5 |
Recommend new or improved processes or equipment to reduce risk exposure.O*NET Task ID 17571 | 0.5 |
Conduct employee background investigations and review reports with operational or human resources managers.O*NET Task ID 17576 | 0.5 |
Coordinate with risk management, human resources, or other departments to assist in company programs, investigations, or training.O*NET Task ID 17577 | 0.5 |
Identify and report safety concerns to maintain a safe shopping and working environment.O*NET Task ID 17578 | 0.5 |
Recommend methods to reduce potential financial fraud losses.O*NET Task ID 17579 | 0.5 |
Direct work of contract security officers or other loss prevention agents.O*NET Task ID 17564 | 0.0 |
Perform covert surveillance of areas susceptible to loss, such loading docks, distribution centers, or warehouses.O*NET Task ID 17569 | 0.0 |
Train establishment personnel in loss prevention activities.O*NET Task ID 17572 | 0.0 |
Verify proper functioning of physical security systems, such as closed-circuit televisions, alarms, sensor tag systems, or locks.O*NET Task ID 17573 | 0.0 |
Testify in civil or criminal court proceedings.O*NET Task ID 17574 | 0.0 |
Apprehend shoplifters in accordance with guidelines.O*NET Task ID 17575 | 0.0 |
Respond to critical incidents, such as catastrophic events, violent weather, or civil disorders.O*NET Task ID 17580 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (21)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Implement or monitor processes to reduce property or financial losses. | Core |
| Investigate known or suspected internal theft, external theft, or vendor fraud. | Core |
| Collaborate with law enforcement agencies to report or investigate crimes. | Core |
| Conduct store audits to identify problem areas or procedural deficiencies. | Core |
| Direct work of contract security officers or other loss prevention agents. | Core |
| Identify and report merchandise or stock shortages. | Core |
| Inspect buildings, equipment, or access points to determine security risks. | Core |
| Maintain documentation or reports on security-related incidents or investigations. | Core |
| Monitor compliance with standard operating procedures for loss prevention, physical security, or risk management. | Core |
| Perform covert surveillance of areas susceptible to loss, such loading docks, distribution centers, or warehouses. | Core |
| Prepare written reports on investigations. | Core |
| Recommend new or improved processes or equipment to reduce risk exposure. | Core |
| Train establishment personnel in loss prevention activities. | Core |
| Verify proper functioning of physical security systems, such as closed-circuit televisions, alarms, sensor tag systems, or locks. | Core |
| Testify in civil or criminal court proceedings. | Core |
| Apprehend shoplifters in accordance with guidelines. | Core |
| Coordinate with risk management, human resources, or other departments to assist in company programs, investigations, or training. | Core |
| Identify and report safety concerns to maintain a safe shopping and working environment. | Core |
| Recommend methods to reduce potential financial fraud losses. | Core |
| Respond to critical incidents, such as catastrophic events, violent weather, or civil disorders. | Core |
| Conduct employee background investigations and review reports with operational or human resources managers. | Supplemental |
0.20/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Conduct store audits to identify problem areas or procedural deficiencies. | E0 none |
| Inspect buildings, equipment, or access points to determine security risks. | E2 structured facilities |
| Verify proper functioning of physical security systems, such as closed-circuit televisions, alarms, sensor tag systems, or locks. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apprehend shoplifters in accordance with guidelines. | E0 none |
| Identify and report safety concerns to maintain a safe shopping and working environment. | E2 structured facilities |
| Respond to critical incidents, such as catastrophic events, violent weather, or civil disorders. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 33-9099 group (Protective service workers, all other), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 82K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 85K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $42,540
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41291 | 유통 및 매장 감시원 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5419Protective Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
This unit group covers protective services workers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 541: Protective Services Workers. For instance, the unit group includes lifeguards, crossing guards and animal control officers.
Tasks
- (a) patrolling beaches and swimming pools to prevent accidents and to rescue bathers from drowning;
- (b) monitoring traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians can cross streets;
- (c) responding to citizen complaints concerning stray domestic animals, livestock and wildlife, issuing warnings and citations to owners and impounding lost, homeless and dangerous animals;
- (d) patrolling an assigned area to enforce parking regulations;
- (e) directing traffic.
Example occupations
Animal control officer · Beach patrolman/woman · Crossing guard · Game warden · Lifeguard · Traffic warden
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
ISCO-08 5419
- crossing guardESCO 5419.4
Crossing guards direct pedestrians in public places like streets nearby schools or railways to cross public roads and intersections by observing traffic and holding a stop sign towards the vehicles to allow the crossing of pedestrians in a safe and orderly manner.
- animal welfare inspectorESCO 5164.4
Animal welfare inspectors investigate alleged reports of animal cruelty or neglect, rescue or collect animals in immediate or potential risk, liaise with internal and external agencies and other animal welfare establishments, educate and advise owners and carers of animals, seek to improve or maintain the welfare of the animal(s), and prevent or alleviate suffering.
- life guardESCO 5419.6
Life guards monitor and ensure safety in the aquatic facility by preventing and responding to any emergencies. They identify potential risks, advise individuals on proper behaviour and dangerous zones, conduct life-saving techniques such as first aid and supervise activities of the general public.
- street wardenESCO 5419.7
Street wardens patrol designated areas to ensure a sense of security with the public, and provide general support. They monitor suspicious behaviour and cooperate with the police and other local institutions to maintain the community's safety and well-being, and enforce law and issue penalties when necessary.
- aircraft marshallerESCO 5419.1
Aircraft marshallers signal pilots to assist them in operations such as turning, slowing down, stopping, and shutting down engines. They lead aircrafts to their parking stands or to the runway. They also indicate directions to the pilots by driving a "follow-me" car.
- crowd controllerESCO 5414.1.4
Crowd controllers keep constant watch of the crowd during a specific event such as public speeches, sporting events or concerts, in order to prevent and react quickly to incidents. They control the entry to the venue, monitor the behaviour of the crowd, handle aggressive behaviour and conduct emergency evacuations.
- game keeperESCO 5164.7
Game keepers manage the habitat and wild game population in a defined area.
- civil enforcement officerESCO 5419.2
Civil enforcement officers patrol the streets to enforce parking restrictions, ensure a free flow of traffic is maintained, ensure the safety of pedestrians, and ensure traffic and parking laws are complied with. They aid with the combating of crime and crime reduction by providing assistance during incidents and providing patrol services.
- coastguard watch officerESCO 5419.3
Coastguard watch officers patrol and survey coast and sea regions to prevent accidents, as well as perform search and rescue missions in the event of an emergency. They react to emergency calls, advise on safety procedures, and prevent accidents and illegal activity at sea. Coastguard watch officers investigate shipping activities and aid during pollution incidents and in flood relief.
- emergency response workerESCO 5419.5
Emergency response workers work in missions to aid in emergency and disaster situations, such as natural disasters or oil spills. They clean up the debris or waste caused by the event, ensure the people involved are brought to safety, prevent further damage, and transport goods such as food and medical supplies.
ESCO occupations that ESCO classifies under the ISCO-08 unit groups linked above; they are not matched to this occupation one by one.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2503 | Agent / Agente de prévention et de sécurité | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| K2502 | Responsable sécurité de site | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3712 | Detectives privados | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 5941 | Vigilantes de seguridad y similares habilitados para ir armados | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 5942 | Auxiliares de vigilante de seguridad y similares no habilitados para ir armados | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 53152 | Detektive/Detektivinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 453 | 警備員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources