Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 37-2012.00
Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.12–0.14· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 9111Domestic Cleaners and Helpers0.14
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments0.12
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 5 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Care for children or elderly persons by overseeing their activities, providing companionship, and assisting them with dressing, bathing, eating, and other needs.37-2012.00 | 0.0049100.0 | 0.0041100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 27 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | —0 | —0 |
Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | —0 | —0 |
Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | —0 | —0 |
Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | —0 | —0 |
Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | —0 | —0 |
Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | —0 | —0 |
Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | —0 | —0 |
Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | —0 | —0 |
Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | —0 | —0 |
Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors. | —0 | —0 |
Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | —0 | —0 |
Wash dishes and clean kitchens, cooking utensils, and silverware. | —0 | —0 |
Remove debris from driveways, garages, and swimming pool areas. | —0 | —0 |
Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | —0 | —0 |
Run errands, such as taking laundry to the cleaners and buying groceries. | —0 | —0 |
Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | —0 | —0 |
Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | —0 | —0 |
Purchase or order groceries and household supplies to keep kitchens stocked and record expenditures. | —0 | —0 |
Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive. | —0 | —0 |
Replace light bulbs. | —0 | —0 |
Assign duties to other staff and give instructions regarding work methods and routines. | —0 | —0 |
Plan menus and cook and serve meals and refreshments following employer's instructions or own methods. | —0 | —0 |
Answer telephones and doorbells. | —0 | —0 |
Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts.O*NET Task ID 9560 | 0.0 |
Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met.O*NET Task ID 9561 | 0.0 |
Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas.O*NET Task ID 9562 | 0.0 |
Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items.O*NET Task ID 9563 | 0.0 |
Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy.O*NET Task ID 9564 | 0.0 |
Dust and polish furniture and equipment.O*NET Task ID 9565 | 0.0 |
Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines.O*NET Task ID 9566 | 0.0 |
Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers.O*NET Task ID 9567 | 0.0 |
Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary.O*NET Task ID 9568 | 0.0 |
Hang draperies and dust window blinds.O*NET Task ID 9569 | 0.0 |
Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers.O*NET Task ID 9570 | 0.0 |
Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors.O*NET Task ID 9571 | 0.0 |
Wash dishes and clean kitchens, cooking utensils, and silverware.O*NET Task ID 9573 | 0.0 |
Remove debris from driveways, garages, and swimming pool areas.O*NET Task ID 9574 | 0.0 |
Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items.O*NET Task ID 9575 | 0.0 |
Run errands, such as taking laundry to the cleaners and buying groceries.O*NET Task ID 9576 | 0.0 |
Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets.O*NET Task ID 9577 | 0.0 |
Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings.O*NET Task ID 9578 | 0.0 |
Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions.O*NET Task ID 9579 | 0.0 |
Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive.O*NET Task ID 9581 | 0.0 |
Replace light bulbs.O*NET Task ID 9582 | 0.0 |
Assign duties to other staff and give instructions regarding work methods and routines.O*NET Task ID 9583 | 0.0 |
Answer telephones and doorbells.O*NET Task ID 9585 | 0.0 |
Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms.O*NET Task ID 9586 | 0.0 |
Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses.O*NET Task ID 9587 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | Core |
| Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | Core |
| Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | Core |
| Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | Core |
| Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | Core |
| Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | Core |
| Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | Core |
| Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | Core |
| Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | Core |
| Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | Supplemental |
| Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | Supplemental |
| Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors. | Supplemental |
| Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | Supplemental |
| Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | Supplemental |
| Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | Supplemental |
| Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | Supplemental |
| Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive. | Supplemental |
| Replace light bulbs. | Supplemental |
| Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | Supplemental |
| Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | Supplemental |
0.83/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | E0 none |
| Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | E0 none |
| Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | E2 structured facilities |
| Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | E0 none |
| Replace light bulbs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1.3M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1.3M
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.6%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $35,510
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 94110 | 건물 청소원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 95110 | 가사 도우미 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 99992 | 정리 수납원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 9111Domestic Cleaners and Helpers
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- domestic cleanerESCO 9111.1Same scope
Domestic cleaners perform all necessary cleaning activities in order to clean their clients' houses. They vacuum and sweep floors, wash dishes, launder clothes, dust, scrub and polish surfaces and disinfect equipment and materials.
- room attendantESCO 9112.4This occupation is broader
Room attendants clean, tidy and restock guest rooms as well as other public areas as directed.
- domestic housekeeperESCO 5152.2Overlapping, not the same
Domestic housekeepers are responsible for all the household activities in a private house. They oversee and execute duties according to the needs of the employer such as cooking, cleaning and washing activities, taking care of children and gardening. They order supplies and are in charge of expenditures allocated. Domestic housekeepers may supervise and instruct household staff in large households.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| G1501 | Employé / Employée d'étage | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| J1301 | Agent / Agente de service hospitalier (ASH) | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1304 | Employé familial / Employée familiale | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| G1502 | Employé / Employée d'hôtel | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 9100 | Empleados domésticos | This occupation is broader |
| 9210 | Personal de limpieza de oficinas, hoteles y otros establecimientos similares | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 54101 | Berufe in der Reinigung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 63221 | Berufe im Hotelservice - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 83211 | Berufe in der Hauswirtschaft - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 404 | 身の回り世話従事者 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 711 | ビル・建物清掃員 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 712 | ハウスクリーニング職 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources