- O*NET-SOC code
- 39-9011.01
Care for children in private households and provide support and expertise to parents in satisfying children's physical, emotional, intellectual, and social needs. Duties may include meal planning and preparation, laundry and clothing care, organization of play activities and outings, discipline, intellectual stimulation, language activities, and transportation.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.012
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.19
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only19 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (15.8%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Supervise and assist with homework.O*NET Task ID 2361 | 1.0 |
Keep records of play, meal schedules, and bill payment.O*NET Task ID 2366 | 1.0 |
Help develop or monitor family schedule.O*NET Task ID 2360 | 0.5 |
Perform first aid or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when required.O*NET Task ID 2351 | 0.0 |
Regulate children's rest periods and nap schedules.O*NET Task ID 2352 | 0.0 |
Meet regularly with parents to discuss children's activities and development.O*NET Task ID 2353 | 0.0 |
Help prepare and serve nutritionally balanced meals and snacks for children.O*NET Task ID 2354 | 0.0 |
Instruct children in safe behavior, such as seeking adult assistance when crossing the street and avoiding contact with unsafe objects.O*NET Task ID 2355 | 0.0 |
Organize and conduct age-appropriate recreational activities, such as games, arts and crafts, sports, walks, and play dates.O*NET Task ID 2356 | 0.0 |
Observe children's behavior for irregularities, take temperature, transport children to doctor, or administer medications, as directed, to maintain children's health.O*NET Task ID 2357 | 0.0 |
Model appropriate social behaviors and encourage concern for others to cultivate development of interpersonal relationships and communication skills.O*NET Task ID 2358 | 0.0 |
Work with parents to develop and implement discipline programs to promote desirable child behavior.O*NET Task ID 2359 | 0.0 |
Assign appropriate chores and praise targeted behaviors to encourage development of self-control, self-confidence, and responsibility.O*NET Task ID 2362 | 0.0 |
Transport children to schools, social outings, and medical appointments.O*NET Task ID 2363 | 0.0 |
Perform housekeeping and cleaning duties related to children's care.O*NET Task ID 2364 | 0.0 |
Instruct and assist children in the development of health and personal habits, such as eating, resting, and toilet behavior.O*NET Task ID 2365 | 0.0 |
Teach and perform age-appropriate activities, such as lap play, reading, and arts and crafts, to encourage intellectual development of children.O*NET Task ID 2367 | 0.0 |
Remove hazards and develop appropriate boundaries and rules to create a safe environment for children.O*NET Task ID 2368 | 0.0 |
Shop for groceries, clothing, and other items needed for children's care.O*NET Task ID 21071 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (19)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Perform first aid or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when required. | Core |
| Regulate children's rest periods and nap schedules. | Core |
| Meet regularly with parents to discuss children's activities and development. | Core |
| Help prepare and serve nutritionally balanced meals and snacks for children. | Core |
| Instruct children in safe behavior, such as seeking adult assistance when crossing the street and avoiding contact with unsafe objects. | Core |
| Organize and conduct age-appropriate recreational activities, such as games, arts and crafts, sports, walks, and play dates. | Core |
| Observe children's behavior for irregularities, take temperature, transport children to doctor, or administer medications, as directed, to maintain children's health. | Core |
| Model appropriate social behaviors and encourage concern for others to cultivate development of interpersonal relationships and communication skills. | Core |
| Work with parents to develop and implement discipline programs to promote desirable child behavior. | Core |
| Help develop or monitor family schedule. | Core |
| Supervise and assist with homework. | Core |
| Assign appropriate chores and praise targeted behaviors to encourage development of self-control, self-confidence, and responsibility. | Core |
| Transport children to schools, social outings, and medical appointments. | Core |
| Perform housekeeping and cleaning duties related to children's care. | Core |
| Instruct and assist children in the development of health and personal habits, such as eating, resting, and toilet behavior. | Core |
| Keep records of play, meal schedules, and bill payment. | Core |
| Teach and perform age-appropriate activities, such as lap play, reading, and arts and crafts, to encourage intellectual development of children. | Core |
| Remove hazards and develop appropriate boundaries and rules to create a safe environment for children. | Core |
| Shop for groceries, clothing, and other items needed for children's care. | Supplemental |
0.24/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Perform first aid or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when required. | E0 none |
| Regulate children's rest periods and nap schedules. | E0 none |
| Help prepare and serve nutritionally balanced meals and snacks for children. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Organize and conduct age-appropriate recreational activities, such as games, arts and crafts, sports, walks, and play dates. | E0 none |
| Observe children's behavior for irregularities, take temperature, transport children to doctor, or administer medications, as directed, to maintain children's health. | E0 none |
| Transport children to schools, social outings, and medical appointments. | E0 none |
| Perform housekeeping and cleaning duties related to children's care. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Instruct and assist children in the development of health and personal habits, such as eating, resting, and toilet behavior. | E0 none |
| Teach and perform age-appropriate activities, such as lap play, reading, and arts and crafts, to encourage intellectual development of children. | E0 none |
| Remove hazards and develop appropriate boundaries and rules to create a safe environment for children. | E0 none |
| Shop for groceries, clothing, and other items needed for children's care. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 39-9011 group (Childcare workers), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 1.0M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 990K
- Change (2025–35)
- -2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $34,980
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95120 | 육아 도우미 | Same scope | confirmed |
| 42191 | 방문 아동 돌봄 종사원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5311Child Care Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Child care workers provide care and supervision for children in residential homes and in before-school, after-school, vacation and day care centres.
Tasks
- (a) assisting children to wash, dress and feed themselves;
- (b) taking children to and from school or outdoors for recreation;
- (c) playing games with children, or entertaining them by reading or storytelling;
- (d) assisting in the preparation of materials and equipment for children's education and recreational activities;
- (e) managing children's behaviour and guiding their social development;
- (f) disciplining children and recommending or initiating other measures to control behaviour, such as caring for own clothing and picking up toys and books;
- (g) observing and monitoring children's play activities;
- (h) keeping records on individual children, including daily observations and information about activities, meals served, and medications administered.
Example occupations
Baby-sitter · Child care worker · Creche ayah · Family day care worker · Nanny · Out of school hours care worker
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- nannyESCO 5311.1.4Same scope
Nannies provide qualified care services to children on the premises of the employer. They organise play activities and entertain children with games and other cultural and educative activities according to their respective age, prepare meals, give them bathes, transport them from and to school and assist them with homework on a punctual basis.
- au pairESCO 5311.1.1Overlapping, not the same
Au pairs live and work for a host family in another country and are usually in charge of taking care of the family's children. They are young individuals, seeking to explore another culture while providing child care services as well as other light housekeeping activities such as cleaning, gardening and shopping.
- babysitterESCO 5311.1.2Overlapping, not the same
Babysitters provide short-term care services to children on the premises of the employer, depending on the employer's needs. They organise play activities and entertain children with games and other cultural and educative activities according to their respective age, prepare meals, give them bathes, transport them from and to school and assist them with homework on a punctual basis.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1303 | Garde d'enfant | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| K1313 | Employé / Employée au pair | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5722 | Cuidadores de niños en domicilios | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 83111 | Berufe in der Kinderbetreuung und -erziehung - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 359 | その他の家庭生活支援サービス職業従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 351 | 家政婦（夫），家事手伝い | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources