Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel
Sales and Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 41-3091.00
Sell services to individuals or businesses. May describe options or resolve client problems.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.49
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
- Data source: OpenAIPublished: 2023
0.567
0.000Range of values carried here0.844Scale, basis and source
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only15 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (93.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Create forms or agreements to complete sales.O*NET Task ID 23227 | 1.0 |
Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications.O*NET Task ID 23228 | 1.0 |
Inform customers of contracts or other information pertaining to purchased services.O*NET Task ID 23232 | 1.0 |
Maintain customer records using automated systems.O*NET Task ID 23233 | 1.0 |
Quote prices, credit terms, contract terms, or fulfillment dates for services.O*NET Task ID 23236 | 1.0 |
Answer customers' questions about services, prices, availability, or credit terms.O*NET Task ID 23222 | 0.5 |
Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, regulations, or industry developments.O*NET Task ID 23223 | 0.5 |
Compute and compare costs of services.O*NET Task ID 23224 | 0.5 |
Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and provide ongoing support.O*NET Task ID 23225 | 0.5 |
Contact prospective or existing customers to discuss how services can meet their needs.O*NET Task ID 23226 | 0.5 |
Emphasize or recommend service features based on knowledge of customers' needs and vendor capabilities and limitations.O*NET Task ID 23230 | 0.5 |
Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from clients, or information from conferences or trade shows.O*NET Task ID 23231 | 0.5 |
Monitor market conditions, innovations, and competitors' services, prices, and sales.O*NET Task ID 23234 | 0.5 |
Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements.O*NET Task ID 23235 | 0.5 |
Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows.O*NET Task ID 23229 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (15)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Answer customers' questions about services, prices, availability, or credit terms. | Core |
| Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and provide ongoing support. | Core |
| Contact prospective or existing customers to discuss how services can meet their needs. | Core |
| Create forms or agreements to complete sales. | Core |
| Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications. | Core |
| Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows. | Core |
| Emphasize or recommend service features based on knowledge of customers' needs and vendor capabilities and limitations. | Core |
| Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from clients, or information from conferences or trade shows. | Core |
| Inform customers of contracts or other information pertaining to purchased services. | Core |
| Maintain customer records using automated systems. | Core |
| Monitor market conditions, innovations, and competitors' services, prices, and sales. | Core |
| Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. | Core |
| Quote prices, credit terms, contract terms, or fulfillment dates for services. | Core |
| Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, regulations, or industry developments. | Supplemental |
| Compute and compare costs of services. | Supplemental |
0.03/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1.3M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1.3M
- Change (2025–35)
- +2.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $69,990
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51092 | 체인점 모집 및 관리 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 53110 | 단말기 및 통신 서비스 판매원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 51099 | 그 외 영업원 | Overlapping, not the same | reviewed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Commercial sales representatives represent companies to sell various goods and services to businesses and other organizations and provide product-specific information as required.
Tasks
- (a) soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and other establishments;
- (b) selling equipment, supplies and related services to business establishments or individuals;
- (c) obtaining and updating knowledge of market conditions and of employer’s and competitors’ goods and services;
- (d) providing prospective customers with information about the characteristics and functions of the products and equipment for sale, and demonstrating its use or qualities;
- (e) quoting prices and credit terms, recording orders and arranging deliveries;
- (f) reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to suppliers and manufacturers;
- (g) following up clients to ensure satisfaction with products purchased.
Example occupations
After-sales service adviser · Canvasser · Commercial traveller
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- client relations managerESCO 2431.6This occupation is narrower
Client relations managers act as the middle person between a company and its customers. They ensure that the customers are satisfied by providing them with guidance and explanation on their accounts and services received by the company. They also have possible other tasks such as developing plans or delivering proposals.
- commercial sales representativeESCO 3322.1This occupation is narrower
Commercial sales representatives represent a company in selling and providing information on goods and services to businesses and organisations.
- electricity sales representativeESCO 3322.1.1This occupation is broader
Electricity sales representatives assess clients' energy needs, and recommend the purchase of electricity supply from their corporation. They promote their corporation's services, and negotiate terms of sale with clients.
- renewable energy sales representativeESCO 3322.1.2This occupation is broader
Renewable energy sales representatives assess clients' energy supply needs, and attempt to secure sales of renewable energy methods. They promote renewable energy suppliers and the use of renewable energy products, and liaise with consumers to increase sales.
- door to door sellerESCO 5243.1Overlapping, not the same
Door to door sellers sell goods and services door to door.
- solar energy sales consultantESCO 2433.5Overlapping, not the same
Solar energy sales consultants provide advice on solar energy for domestic or industrial purposes, and aim to promote the use of solar energy as an alternative and more sustainable source of energy. They communicate with prospective clients, and attend networking events, to ensure increased sales of solar energy products.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| C1117 | Courtier automobile / Courtière automobile | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| D1403 | Conseiller commercial / Conseillère commerciale auprès des particuliers | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| D1416 | Commercial / Commerciale auprès d'une clientèle d'entreprises | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| D1444 | Responsable grands comptes | Related, not a match |
| M1722 | Chargé / Chargée de cession de droits, synchro | Related, not a match |
| D1410 | Attaché commercial / Attachée commerciale | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3510 | Agentes y representantes comerciales | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 61123 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 92133 | Berufe im Kundenmanagement - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 51653 | Schifffahrtskaufleute - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 349 | その他の営業職業従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 345 | 通信・システム営業職業従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources