Loan Interviewers and Clerks
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-4131.00
Interview loan applicants to elicit information; investigate applicants' backgrounds and verify references; prepare loan request papers; and forward findings, reports, and documents to appraisal department. Review loan papers to ensure completeness, and complete transactions between loan establishment, borrowers, and sellers upon approval of loan.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.202
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.64
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only18 rated tasks · 18 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Calculate, review, and correct errors on interest, principal, payment, and closing costs, using computers or calculators.43-4131.00 | 0.004567.2 | —0 |
Assemble and compile documents for loan closings, such as title abstracts, insurance forms, loan forms, and tax receipts.43-4131.00 | 0.002232.8 | 0.003012.2 |
Interview loan applicants to obtain personal and financial data and to assist in completing applications. | —0 | 0.021487.8 |
| Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Verify and examine information and accuracy of loan application and closing documents. | —0 | —0 |
Answer questions and advise customers regarding loans and transactions. | —0 | —0 |
Contact customers by mail, telephone, or in person concerning acceptance or rejection of applications. | —0 | —0 |
Record applications for loan and credit, loan information, and disbursements of funds, using computers. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare and type loan applications, closing documents, legal documents, letters, forms, government notices, and checks, using computers. | —0 | —0 |
Present loan and repayment schedules to customers. | —0 | —0 |
Check value of customer collateral to be held as loan security. | —0 | —0 |
Contact credit bureaus, employers, and other sources to check applicants' credit and personal references. | —0 | —0 |
File and maintain loan records. | —0 | —0 |
Schedule and conduct closings of mortgage transactions. | —0 | —0 |
Accept payment on accounts. | —0 | —0 |
Submit loan applications with recommendation for underwriting approval. | —0 | —0 |
Order property insurance or mortgage insurance policies to ensure protection against loss on mortgaged property. | —0 | —0 |
Review customer accounts to determine whether payments are made on time and that other loan terms are being followed. | —0 | —0 |
Establish credit limits and grant extensions of credit on overdue accounts. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record applications for loan and credit, loan information, and disbursements of funds, using computers.O*NET Task ID 11296 | 1.0 |
Prepare and type loan applications, closing documents, legal documents, letters, forms, government notices, and checks, using computers.O*NET Task ID 11297 | 1.0 |
Calculate, review, and correct errors on interest, principal, payment, and closing costs, using computers or calculators.O*NET Task ID 11299 | 1.0 |
Verify and examine information and accuracy of loan application and closing documents.O*NET Task ID 11291 | 0.5 |
Interview loan applicants to obtain personal and financial data and to assist in completing applications.O*NET Task ID 11292 | 0.5 |
Assemble and compile documents for loan closings, such as title abstracts, insurance forms, loan forms, and tax receipts.O*NET Task ID 11293 | 0.5 |
Answer questions and advise customers regarding loans and transactions.O*NET Task ID 11294 | 0.5 |
Contact customers by mail, telephone, or in person concerning acceptance or rejection of applications.O*NET Task ID 11295 | 0.5 |
Present loan and repayment schedules to customers.O*NET Task ID 11298 | 0.5 |
Check value of customer collateral to be held as loan security.O*NET Task ID 11300 | 0.5 |
Contact credit bureaus, employers, and other sources to check applicants' credit and personal references.O*NET Task ID 11301 | 0.5 |
File and maintain loan records.O*NET Task ID 11302 | 0.5 |
Schedule and conduct closings of mortgage transactions.O*NET Task ID 11303 | 0.5 |
Accept payment on accounts.O*NET Task ID 11304 | 0.5 |
Submit loan applications with recommendation for underwriting approval.O*NET Task ID 11305 | 0.5 |
Order property insurance or mortgage insurance policies to ensure protection against loss on mortgaged property.O*NET Task ID 11306 | 0.5 |
Review customer accounts to determine whether payments are made on time and that other loan terms are being followed.O*NET Task ID 11307 | 0.5 |
Establish credit limits and grant extensions of credit on overdue accounts.O*NET Task ID 11308 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (18)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Verify and examine information and accuracy of loan application and closing documents. | Core |
| Interview loan applicants to obtain personal and financial data and to assist in completing applications. | Core |
| Assemble and compile documents for loan closings, such as title abstracts, insurance forms, loan forms, and tax receipts. | Core |
| Answer questions and advise customers regarding loans and transactions. | Core |
| Contact customers by mail, telephone, or in person concerning acceptance or rejection of applications. | Core |
| Record applications for loan and credit, loan information, and disbursements of funds, using computers. | Core |
| Prepare and type loan applications, closing documents, legal documents, letters, forms, government notices, and checks, using computers. | Core |
| Present loan and repayment schedules to customers. | Core |
| Calculate, review, and correct errors on interest, principal, payment, and closing costs, using computers or calculators. | Core |
| Check value of customer collateral to be held as loan security. | Core |
| Contact credit bureaus, employers, and other sources to check applicants' credit and personal references. | Core |
| File and maintain loan records. | Core |
| Schedule and conduct closings of mortgage transactions. | Core |
| Accept payment on accounts. | Core |
| Submit loan applications with recommendation for underwriting approval. | Core |
| Order property insurance or mortgage insurance policies to ensure protection against loss on mortgaged property. | Core |
| Review customer accounts to determine whether payments are made on time and that other loan terms are being followed. | Core |
| Establish credit limits and grant extensions of credit on overdue accounts. | Core |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 169K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 165K
- Change (2025–35)
- -2.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $50,020
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34030 | 은행 사무원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 51041 | 대출 모집인 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4312Statistical, Finance and Insurance Clerks
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Statistical, finance and insurance clerks obtain, compile and compute statistical or actuarial data or perform clerical tasks relating to the transactions of insurance establishments, banks and other financial establishments.
Tasks
- (a) processing insurance enrolments, cancellations, claims transactions, policy changes and payments;
- (b) obtaining and compiling statistical or actuarial data based on routine or special sources of information;
- (c) calculating totals, averages, percentages and other details and presenting them in the required tabular form;
- (d) preparing financial documents, and calculating interest or brokerage charges and stamp duties payable;
- (e) maintaining records of bonds, shares and other securities bought or sold on behalf of clients or employer.
Example occupations
Actuarial clerk · Brokerage clerk · Finance clerk · Insurance clerk · Mortgage clerk · Securities clerk · Statistical clerk
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- loan officerESCO 3312.5Overlapping, not the same
Loan officers assess and authorise the approval of loan applications for individuals and businesses. They ensure complete transactions between loan organisations, borrowers, and sellers. Loan officers are specialists in consumer, mortgage, or commercial lending.
- mortgage brokerESCO 3311.2.2Overlapping, not the same
Mortgage brokers handle mortgage loan applications from clients, collect loan documentation and search for new mortgage lending opportunities. They complete and close mortgage loan processes for their clients.
- mortgage loan underwriterESCO 3312.6Overlapping, not the same
Mortgage loan underwriters ensure compliance with underwriter guidelines. They participate in the implementation of new underwriting guidelines. They also review closed and denied loans.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| C1208 | Courtier / Courtière en banque | Overlapping, not the same |
| C1214 | Chargé / Chargée d'études crédits bancaires | Overlapping, not the same |
| C1401 | Agent administratif / Agente administrative banque ou assurance | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 4113 | Empleados de oficina de servicios estadísticos, financieros y bancarios | This occupation is narrower |
| 4444 | Empleados de casas de empeño y de préstamos | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 3402 | Comerciales de préstamos y créditos | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 72113 | Bankkaufleute - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 72112 | Bankkaufleute - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 61152 | Berufe im Geld- und Pfandverleih - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 281 | 営業・販売事務員 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 334 | 質屋店主・店員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources