Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-5032.00
Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, or passengers, or for normal installation, service, or emergency repairs rendered outside the place of business. Duties may include using radio, telephone, or computer to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and reports on work progress.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.226
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.50
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only13 rated tasks · 13 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Advise personnel about traffic problems, such as construction areas, accidents, congestion, weather conditions, or other hazards.43-5032.00 | 0.004474.6 | —0 |
Prepare daily work and run schedules.43-5032.00 | 0.001525.4 | —0 |
Schedule or dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles to appropriate locations, according to customer requests, specifications, or needs, using radios or telephones. | —0 | 0.0069100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 10 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Arrange for necessary repairs to restore service and schedules. | —0 | —0 |
Relay work orders, messages, or information to or from work crews, supervisors, or field inspectors, using telephones or two-way radios. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with customers or supervising personnel to address questions, problems, or requests for service or equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Receive or prepare work orders. | —0 | —0 |
Oversee all communications within specifically assigned territories. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor personnel or equipment locations and utilization to coordinate service and schedules. | —0 | —0 |
Record and maintain files or records of customer requests, work or services performed, charges, expenses, inventory, or other dispatch information. | —0 | —0 |
Determine types or amounts of equipment, vehicles, materials, or personnel required, according to work orders or specifications. | —0 | —0 |
Ensure timely and efficient movement of trains, according to train orders and schedules. | —0 | —0 |
Order supplies or equipment and issue them to personnel. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Relay work orders, messages, or information to or from work crews, supervisors, or field inspectors, using telephones or two-way radios.O*NET Task ID 2725 | 1.0 |
Receive or prepare work orders.O*NET Task ID 2728 | 1.0 |
Record and maintain files or records of customer requests, work or services performed, charges, expenses, inventory, or other dispatch information.O*NET Task ID 2731 | 1.0 |
Determine types or amounts of equipment, vehicles, materials, or personnel required, according to work orders or specifications.O*NET Task ID 2732 | 1.0 |
Schedule or dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles to appropriate locations, according to customer requests, specifications, or needs, using radios or telephones.O*NET Task ID 2723 | 0.5 |
Arrange for necessary repairs to restore service and schedules.O*NET Task ID 2724 | 0.5 |
Confer with customers or supervising personnel to address questions, problems, or requests for service or equipment.O*NET Task ID 2726 | 0.5 |
Prepare daily work and run schedules.O*NET Task ID 2727 | 0.5 |
Oversee all communications within specifically assigned territories.O*NET Task ID 2729 | 0.5 |
Monitor personnel or equipment locations and utilization to coordinate service and schedules.O*NET Task ID 2730 | 0.5 |
Advise personnel about traffic problems, such as construction areas, accidents, congestion, weather conditions, or other hazards.O*NET Task ID 2733 | 0.5 |
Ensure timely and efficient movement of trains, according to train orders and schedules.O*NET Task ID 2734 | 0.5 |
Order supplies or equipment and issue them to personnel.O*NET Task ID 2735 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (12)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Schedule or dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles to appropriate locations, according to customer requests, specifications, or needs, using radios or telephones. | Core |
| Arrange for necessary repairs to restore service and schedules. | Core |
| Relay work orders, messages, or information to or from work crews, supervisors, or field inspectors, using telephones or two-way radios. | Core |
| Confer with customers or supervising personnel to address questions, problems, or requests for service or equipment. | Core |
| Prepare daily work and run schedules. | Core |
| Receive or prepare work orders. | Core |
| Monitor personnel or equipment locations and utilization to coordinate service and schedules. | Core |
| Record and maintain files or records of customer requests, work or services performed, charges, expenses, inventory, or other dispatch information. | Core |
| Determine types or amounts of equipment, vehicles, materials, or personnel required, according to work orders or specifications. | Core |
| Advise personnel about traffic problems, such as construction areas, accidents, congestion, weather conditions, or other hazards. | Core |
| Oversee all communications within specifically assigned territories. | Supplemental |
| Order supplies or equipment and issue them to personnel. | Supplemental |
0.03/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Order supplies or equipment and issue them to personnel. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 204K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 202K
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $50,340
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23833 | 철도교통 관제사 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 32211 | 도로운송 사무원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 32212 | 철도운송 사무원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 32290 | 그 외 운송 및 무역 사무원 | Related, not a match | reviewed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4323Transport Clerks
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Transport clerks keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of train, road and air passenger and freight transport, and prepare reports for management.
Tasks
- (a) keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport;
- (b) directing train routings within a division or zone of a railway system and keeping related records;
- (c) directing, controlling and keeping records of freight handling at a railway yard;
- (d) coordinating and keeping records of operational activities concerning road transport, such as allocation and scheduling of vehicles and drivers, loading and unloading of vehicles and storage of goods in transit;
- (e) coordinating and keeping records of operational activities concerning air transport of passengers and freight, such as passenger lists and freight manifests;
- (f) preparing reports for management.
Example occupations
Clerical controller (transport service) · Clerical dispatcher (transport service)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- aircraft dispatcherESCO 4323.2This occupation is broader
Aircraft dispatchers authorise, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to governmental and company regulations. They expedite and ensure flight flow by preparing logs of flights, delays, cancellations, and changes in schedules or flight plans.
- bus route supervisorESCO 4323.4This occupation is broader
Bus route supervisors coordinate vehicle movements, routes and drivers, and may supervise loading, unloading, and checking of baggage or express shipped by bus.
- distribution centre dispatcherESCO 9333.2This occupation is broader
Distribution centre dispatchers ensure efficient shipping of manufactured goods. They stipulate routes and complete shipping documents.
- freight transport dispatcherESCO 4323.6This occupation is broader
Freight transport dispatchers receive and transmit reliable messages, track vehicles and equipment, and record other important information. They oversee the planning operations of dispatching by coordinating different modes of transport. Freight transport dispatchers structure routes or services and determine the appropriate mode of transport. They are also responsible for equipment and vehicle maintenance and workers dispatching. The freight transport dispatchers provide the legal and contractual documentation for the transporting parties.
- ship pilot dispatcherESCO 4323.15This occupation is broader
Ship pilot dispatchers coordinate ships entering or leaving port. They write orders showing name of ship, berth, tugboat company, and time of arrival or departure, and notify the maritime pilot of assignment. They obtain receipts of pilotage from the pilot upon return from ship. Ship pilot dispatchers also record charges on receipt, using tariff book as guide, compile reports of activities, such as number of ships piloted and charges made, and keep records of ships entering port, showing owner, name of ship, displacement tonnage, agent, and country of registration.
- taxi controllerESCO 4323.17This occupation is broader
Taxi controllers take bookings, dispatch vehicles, and are responsible for coordinating drivers while maintaining customer liaison.
- train dispatcherESCO 8312.4This occupation is broader
Train dispatchers ensure the safe and efficient dispatch of the train services. The safety of customers is their main priority. When carrying out train dispatch duties, they check the traffic signals and communicate promptly with train drivers and conductors that it is safe for the train to pull away.
- vessel operations coordinatorESCO 4323.19This occupation is broader
Vessel operations coordinators manage chartered vessels' transit and performance optimizing the schedulers but also assessing the capabilities and the risks for vessels according to the different types of cargo such as crude oil or other chemical cargos. They make sure all necesary certifications are according to the regulations and all employees have up-to-date passports and licenses. Vessel operations coordinators schedule and maintain records of vessels' maintenance. At the operational level they have contact with the customers, following up customer complains, identifying new opportunities and providing customers with solutions.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| N3205 | Assistant / Assistante d'exploitation du transport fluvial | This occupation is broader |
| N4203 | Agent / Agente d'exploitation en transport routier de marchandises | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| N3206 | Assistant / Assistante d'exploitation de terminal portuaire | Related, not a match |
| N2211 | Planificateur régulateur vol / Planificatrice régulatrice vol | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| N3210 | Assistant / Assistante d'exploitation transport maritime | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| N4204 | Agent / Agente d'exploitation transport routier de personnes | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 4123 | Empleados de logística y transporte de pasajeros y mercancías | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 51511 | Berufe in der Überwachung und Steuerung des Straßenverkehrsbetriebs - Helfer- und Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 51512 | Berufe in der Überwachung und Steuerung des Straßenverkehrsbetriebs - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 51632 | Straßen- und Schienenverkehrskaufleute - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 51633 | Straßen- und Schienenverkehrskaufleute - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 302 | 運行管理事務員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources