Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-2051.00
Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.10
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only26 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process.47-2051.00 | 0.0088100.0 | 0.0023100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 25 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed. | —0 | —0 |
Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them. | —0 | —0 |
Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float. | —0 | —0 |
Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge. | —0 | —0 |
Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms. | —0 | —0 |
Produce rough concrete surface, using broom. | —0 | —0 |
Operate power vibrator to compact concrete. | —0 | —0 |
Direct the casting of the concrete and supervise laborers who use shovels or special tools to spread it. | —0 | —0 |
Cut out damaged areas, drill holes for reinforcing rods, and position reinforcing rods to repair concrete, using power saw and drill. | —0 | —0 |
Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish. | —0 | —0 |
Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel. | —0 | —0 |
Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven. | —0 | —0 |
Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface. | —0 | —0 |
Chip, scrape, and grind high spots, ridges, and rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisels, power grinders, or hand tools. | —0 | —0 |
Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools. | —0 | —0 |
Fabricate concrete beams, columns, and panels. | —0 | —0 |
Waterproof or restore concrete surfaces, using appropriate compounds. | —0 | —0 |
Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish. | —0 | —0 |
Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine. | —0 | —0 |
Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base. | —0 | —0 |
Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish. | —0 | —0 |
Cut metal division strips, and press them into terrazzo base so that top edges form desired design or pattern. | —0 | —0 |
Apply muriatic acid to clean surface, and rinse with water. | —0 | —0 |
Push roller over surface to embed chips in surface. | —0 | —0 |
Polish surface, using polishing or surfacing machine. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed.O*NET Task ID 7047 | 0.0 |
Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them.O*NET Task ID 7048 | 0.0 |
Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float.O*NET Task ID 7049 | 0.0 |
Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge.O*NET Task ID 7050 | 0.0 |
Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process.O*NET Task ID 7051 | 0.0 |
Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms.O*NET Task ID 7052 | 0.0 |
Produce rough concrete surface, using broom.O*NET Task ID 7053 | 0.0 |
Operate power vibrator to compact concrete.O*NET Task ID 7054 | 0.0 |
Direct the casting of the concrete and supervise laborers who use shovels or special tools to spread it.O*NET Task ID 7055 | 0.0 |
Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine.O*NET Task ID 7056 | 0.0 |
Cut out damaged areas, drill holes for reinforcing rods, and position reinforcing rods to repair concrete, using power saw and drill.O*NET Task ID 7057 | 0.0 |
Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish.O*NET Task ID 7058 | 0.0 |
Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel.O*NET Task ID 7059 | 0.0 |
Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven.O*NET Task ID 7060 | 0.0 |
Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface.O*NET Task ID 7061 | 0.0 |
Chip, scrape, and grind high spots, ridges, and rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisels, power grinders, or hand tools.O*NET Task ID 7062 | 0.0 |
Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base.O*NET Task ID 7063 | 0.0 |
Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 7064 | 0.0 |
Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish.O*NET Task ID 7065 | 0.0 |
Cut metal division strips, and press them into terrazzo base so that top edges form desired design or pattern.O*NET Task ID 7066 | 0.0 |
Fabricate concrete beams, columns, and panels.O*NET Task ID 7067 | 0.0 |
Waterproof or restore concrete surfaces, using appropriate compounds.O*NET Task ID 7068 | 0.0 |
Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish.O*NET Task ID 7069 | 0.0 |
Apply muriatic acid to clean surface, and rinse with water.O*NET Task ID 7070 | 0.0 |
Push roller over surface to embed chips in surface.O*NET Task ID 7071 | 0.0 |
Polish surface, using polishing or surfacing machine.O*NET Task ID 7072 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (26)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed. | Core |
| Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them. | Core |
| Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float. | Core |
| Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge. | Core |
| Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process. | Core |
| Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms. | Core |
| Produce rough concrete surface, using broom. | Core |
| Operate power vibrator to compact concrete. | Core |
| Direct the casting of the concrete and supervise laborers who use shovels or special tools to spread it. | Core |
| Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine. | Core |
| Cut out damaged areas, drill holes for reinforcing rods, and position reinforcing rods to repair concrete, using power saw and drill. | Core |
| Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish. | Core |
| Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel. | Core |
| Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven. | Core |
| Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface. | Core |
| Chip, scrape, and grind high spots, ridges, and rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisels, power grinders, or hand tools. | Core |
| Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools. | Core |
| Waterproof or restore concrete surfaces, using appropriate compounds. | Core |
| Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish. | Core |
| Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base. | Supplemental |
| Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish. | Supplemental |
| Cut metal division strips, and press them into terrazzo base so that top edges form desired design or pattern. | Supplemental |
| Fabricate concrete beams, columns, and panels. | Supplemental |
| Apply muriatic acid to clean surface, and rinse with water. | Supplemental |
| Push roller over surface to embed chips in surface. | Supplemental |
| Polish surface, using polishing or surfacing machine. | Supplemental |
1.03/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Produce rough concrete surface, using broom. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate power vibrator to compact concrete. | E2 structured facilities |
| Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine. | E2 structured facilities |
| Cut out damaged areas, drill holes for reinforcing rods, and position reinforcing rods to repair concrete, using power saw and drill. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish. | E2 structured facilities |
| Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Chip, scrape, and grind high spots, ridges, and rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisels, power grinders, or hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools. | E0 none |
| Waterproof or restore concrete surfaces, using appropriate compounds. | E2 structured facilities |
| Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cut metal division strips, and press them into terrazzo base so that top edges form desired design or pattern. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fabricate concrete beams, columns, and panels. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply muriatic acid to clean surface, and rinse with water. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Push roller over surface to embed chips in surface. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Polish surface, using polishing or surfacing machine. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 205K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 208K
- Change (2025–35)
- +1.6%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $57,020
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 78223 | 콘크리트 타설원 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7114Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Related Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers erect reinforced concrete frameworks and structures, make forms for moulding concrete, reinforce concrete surfaces, cement openings in walls or casings for wells, finish and repair cement surfaces and carry out terrazzo work.
Tasks
- (a) constructing and repairing reinforced concrete floors, walls, tanks, silos and other concrete structures;
- (b) making shuttering or assembling prefabricated forms for moulding concrete;
- (c) cementing openings in walls or casings for wells;
- (d) finishing and smoothing surfaces of concrete structures;
- (e) applying a durable, smooth surfacing composed of cement, sand pigment and marble particles to floors, known as a terrazzo finish;
Example occupations
Cement finisher · Concrete placer · Terrazzo worker
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- concrete finisherESCO 7114.1Same scope
Concrete finishers work with binding agents like cement and concrete. They put up any removable forms and pour concrete into the forms. They then execute one or several actions to finish the concrete: cutting, screeding or levelling, compacting, smoothing, and chamfering to prevent chipping.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1703 | Maçon / Maçonne | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| F1609 | Poseur / Poseuse de revêtements de sols | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| F1701 | Coffreur / Coffreuse | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7111 | Encofradores y operarios de puesta en obra de hormigón | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 32112 | Berufe im Beton- und Stahlbetonbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 33122 | Berufe in der Estrich- und Terrazzoverlegung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 32222 | Berufe im Straßen- und Asphaltbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 681 | 土木従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 664 | 左官 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources