- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-2082.00
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only16 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Check adhesives to ensure that they will work and will remain durable.47-2082.00 | 0.0033100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently. | —0 |
Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas. | —0 |
Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints. | —0 |
Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers. | —0 |
Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces. | —0 |
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering. | —0 |
Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard. | —0 |
Use mechanical applicators that spread compounds and embed tape in one operation. | —0 |
Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth. | —0 |
Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard. | —0 |
Sand rough spots of dried cement between applications of compounds. | —0 |
Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers. | —0 |
Select the correct sealing compound or tape. | —0 |
Apply texturizing compounds or primers to walls or ceilings before final finishing, using trowels, brushes, rollers, or spray guns. | —0 |
Work on high ceilings using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently.O*NET Task ID 13529 | 0.0 |
Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas.O*NET Task ID 13530 | 0.0 |
Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints.O*NET Task ID 13531 | 0.0 |
Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers.O*NET Task ID 13532 | 0.0 |
Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces.O*NET Task ID 13533 | 0.0 |
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering.O*NET Task ID 13534 | 0.0 |
Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard.O*NET Task ID 13535 | 0.0 |
Use mechanical applicators that spread compounds and embed tape in one operation.O*NET Task ID 13536 | 0.0 |
Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth.O*NET Task ID 13537 | 0.0 |
Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard.O*NET Task ID 13538 | 0.0 |
Sand rough spots of dried cement between applications of compounds.O*NET Task ID 13539 | 0.0 |
Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers.O*NET Task ID 13540 | 0.0 |
Select the correct sealing compound or tape.O*NET Task ID 13541 | 0.0 |
Apply texturizing compounds or primers to walls or ceilings before final finishing, using trowels, brushes, rollers, or spray guns.O*NET Task ID 13542 | 0.0 |
Check adhesives to ensure that they will work and will remain durable.O*NET Task ID 13543 | 0.0 |
Work on high ceilings, using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts.O*NET Task ID 20788 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently. | Core |
| Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas. | Core |
| Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints. | Core |
| Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers. | Core |
| Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces. | Core |
| Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering. | Core |
| Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard. | Core |
| Use mechanical applicators that spread compounds and embed tape in one operation. | Core |
| Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth. | Core |
| Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard. | Core |
| Sand rough spots of dried cement between applications of compounds. | Core |
| Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers. | Core |
| Select the correct sealing compound or tape. | Core |
| Apply texturizing compounds or primers to walls or ceilings before final finishing, using trowels, brushes, rollers, or spray guns. | Core |
| Check adhesives to ensure that they will work and will remain durable. | Core |
| Work on high ceilings, using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts. | Core |
1.59/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints. | E0 none |
| Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering. | E0 none |
| Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard. | E2 structured facilities |
| Use mechanical applicators that spread compounds and embed tape in one operation. | E0 none |
| Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sand rough spots of dried cement between applications of compounds. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply texturizing compounds or primers to walls or ceilings before final finishing, using trowels, brushes, rollers, or spray guns. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Check adhesives to ensure that they will work and will remain durable. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Work on high ceilings, using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 16K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 16K
- Change (2025–35)
- -1.6%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $68,270
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 78120 | 경량 철골공 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7123Plasterers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Plasterers install, maintain and repair plasterboard in buildings, and apply decorative and protective coverings of plaster, cement and similar material to the interiors and exteriors of structures.
Tasks
- (a) applying one or more coats of plaster to interior walls and ceilings of buildings to produce finished surface;
- (b) measuring, marking and installing ornamental plaster panels, and casting and trimming ornamental plaster cornices;
- (c) measuring, marking and cutting plasterboard, lifting and positioning panels and securing them to walls, ceilings and battens;
- (d) covering joins and nail holes with wet plaster and sealing compounds, and smoothing them using wet brushes and sand paper;
- (e) applying protective and decorative covering of cement, plaster and similar materials to exterior building surfaces;
- (f) making and installing decorative plaster fixtures of fibrous plaster;
- (g) applying and finishing acoustic, insulating and fireproofing materials bonded with plaster, plastic cement and similar materials.
Example occupations
Dry wall plasterer · Fibrous plasterer · Ornamental plasterer · Plasterer · Solid plasterer · Stucco plasterer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
ISCO-08 7123
- ceiling installerESCO 7123.1
Ceiling installers install ceilings in buildings. They apply different techniques as the situation requires - for example when fire resistance is especially important, or when space is needed between the dropped ceiling and the next floor - or specialise in one.
- plastererESCO 7123.2
Plasterers apply plaster made from gypsum, cement or other solutions to walls as a smooth finish. They mix dry plaster powder with water, then smear the resulting paste onto a wall. The plaster is then smoothed before it hardens and forms a solid coating on the wall.
ESCO occupations that ESCO classifies under the ISCO-08 unit groups linked above; they are not matched to this occupation one by one.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1604 | Plaquiste | This occupation is narrower |
| F1606 | Peintre en bâtiment | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7199 | Otros trabajadores de las obras estructurales de construcción no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 7212 | Aplicadores de revestimientos de pasta y mortero | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 33302 | Berufe im Aus- und Trockenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 669 | その他の建設従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 664 | 左官 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources