Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-2011.00
Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing systems, automated teller machines, and electronic office machines, such as duplicating and fax machines.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.107
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.24–0.25· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers0.25
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers0.24
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 11 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (44.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Reinstall software programs or adjust settings on existing software to fix machine malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 11626 | 1.0 |
Advise customers concerning equipment operation, maintenance, or programming.O*NET Task ID 11627 | 1.0 |
Test new systems to ensure that they are in working order.O*NET Task ID 11628 | 1.0 |
Maintain records of equipment maintenance work or repairs.O*NET Task ID 11631 | 1.0 |
Install and configure new equipment, including operating software or peripheral equipment.O*NET Task ID 11632 | 1.0 |
Complete repair bills, shop records, time cards, or expense reports.O*NET Task ID 11638 | 1.0 |
Enter information into computers to copy programs from one electronic component to another or to draw, modify, or store schematics.O*NET Task ID 11641 | 1.0 |
Converse with customers to determine details of equipment problems.O*NET Task ID 11623 | 0.5 |
Maintain parts inventories and order any additional parts needed for repairs.O*NET Task ID 11633 | 0.5 |
Read specifications, such as blueprints, charts, or schematics, to determine machine settings or adjustments.O*NET Task ID 11642 | 0.5 |
Analyze equipment performance records to assess equipment functioning.O*NET Task ID 11644 | 0.5 |
Reassemble machines after making repairs or replacing parts.O*NET Task ID 11624 | 0.0 |
Travel to customers' stores or offices to service machines or to provide emergency repair service.O*NET Task ID 11625 | 0.0 |
Assemble machines according to specifications, using hand or power tools and measuring devices.O*NET Task ID 11629 | 0.0 |
Operate machines to test functioning of parts or mechanisms.O*NET Task ID 11630 | 0.0 |
Update existing equipment, performing tasks such as installing updated circuit boards or additional memory.O*NET Task ID 11634 | 0.0 |
Align, adjust, or calibrate equipment according to specifications.O*NET Task ID 11635 | 0.0 |
Test components or circuits of faulty equipment to locate defects, using oscilloscopes, signal generators, ammeters, voltmeters, or special diagnostic software programs.O*NET Task ID 11636 | 0.0 |
Repair, adjust, or replace electrical or mechanical components or parts, using hand tools, power tools, or soldering or welding equipment.O*NET Task ID 11637 | 0.0 |
Disassemble machines to examine parts, such as wires, gears, or bearings for wear or defects, using hand or power tools and measuring devices.O*NET Task ID 11639 | 0.0 |
Clean, oil, or adjust mechanical parts to maintain machines' operating efficiency and to prevent breakdowns.O*NET Task ID 11640 | 0.0 |
Lay cable and hook up electrical connections between machines, power sources, and phone lines.O*NET Task ID 11643 | 0.0 |
Fill machines with toners, inks, or other duplicating fluids.O*NET Task ID 11645 | 0.0 |
Train new repairers.O*NET Task ID 11646 | 0.0 |
Calibrate testing instruments.O*NET Task ID 11647 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Converse with customers to determine details of equipment problems. | Core |
| Reassemble machines after making repairs or replacing parts. | Core |
| Travel to customers' stores or offices to service machines or to provide emergency repair service. | Core |
| Reinstall software programs or adjust settings on existing software to fix machine malfunctions. | Core |
| Advise customers concerning equipment operation, maintenance, or programming. | Core |
| Test new systems to ensure that they are in working order. | Core |
| Assemble machines according to specifications, using hand or power tools and measuring devices. | Core |
| Operate machines to test functioning of parts or mechanisms. | Core |
| Maintain records of equipment maintenance work or repairs. | Core |
| Install and configure new equipment, including operating software or peripheral equipment. | Core |
| Maintain parts inventories and order any additional parts needed for repairs. | Core |
| Update existing equipment, performing tasks such as installing updated circuit boards or additional memory. | Core |
| Align, adjust, or calibrate equipment according to specifications. | Core |
| Test components or circuits of faulty equipment to locate defects, using oscilloscopes, signal generators, ammeters, voltmeters, or special diagnostic software programs. | Core |
| Repair, adjust, or replace electrical or mechanical components or parts, using hand tools, power tools, or soldering or welding equipment. | Core |
| Complete repair bills, shop records, time cards, or expense reports. | Core |
| Disassemble machines to examine parts, such as wires, gears, or bearings for wear or defects, using hand or power tools and measuring devices. | Core |
| Clean, oil, or adjust mechanical parts to maintain machines' operating efficiency and to prevent breakdowns. | Core |
| Enter information into computers to copy programs from one electronic component to another or to draw, modify, or store schematics. | Core |
| Read specifications, such as blueprints, charts, or schematics, to determine machine settings or adjustments. | Core |
| Lay cable and hook up electrical connections between machines, power sources, and phone lines. | Core |
| Analyze equipment performance records to assess equipment functioning. | Core |
| Fill machines with toners, inks, or other duplicating fluids. | Core |
| Train new repairers. | Core |
| Calibrate testing instruments. | Supplemental |
0.43/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Reassemble machines after making repairs or replacing parts. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Travel to customers' stores or offices to service machines or to provide emergency repair service. | E0 none |
| Test new systems to ensure that they are in working order. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble machines according to specifications, using hand or power tools and measuring devices. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate machines to test functioning of parts or mechanisms. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install and configure new equipment, including operating software or peripheral equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain parts inventories and order any additional parts needed for repairs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Update existing equipment, performing tasks such as installing updated circuit boards or additional memory. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Align, adjust, or calibrate equipment according to specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test components or circuits of faulty equipment to locate defects, using oscilloscopes, signal generators, ammeters, voltmeters, or special diagnostic software programs. | E0 none |
| Repair, adjust, or replace electrical or mechanical components or parts, using hand tools, power tools, or soldering or welding equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Disassemble machines to examine parts, such as wires, gears, or bearings for wear or defects, using hand or power tools and measuring devices. | E0 none |
| Clean, oil, or adjust mechanical parts to maintain machines' operating efficiency and to prevent breakdowns. | E0 none |
| Lay cable and hook up electrical connections between machines, power sources, and phone lines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fill machines with toners, inks, or other duplicating fluids. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Calibrate testing instruments. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 72K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 70K
- Change (2025–35)
- -3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $47,810
- Typical education needed for entry
- Some college, no degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 76110 | 사무용 전자기기 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 76192 | 현금인출기 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 76193 | 포스 시스템 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 77110 | 컴퓨터 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 77120 | 이동전화기 수리원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- computer hardware repair technicianESCO 7422.2Same scope
Computer hardware repair technicians install, examine, test and repair computer hardware and peripheral components. They test computers' functionality, identify the problems and replace damaged components and parts.
- ICT technicianESCO 3512.4This occupation is narrower
ICT technicians install, maintain, repair and operate information systems and any ICT related equipment (laptops, desktops, servers, tablets, smart phones, communications equipment, printers and any piece of computer related peripheral networks), and any type of software (drivers, operating systems, applications).
- ATM repair technicianESCO 7421.1This occupation is broader
ATM repair technicians install, diagnose, maintain and repair automatic teller machines. They travel to their clients' location to provide their services. ATM repair technicians use hand tools and software to fix malfunctioning money distributors.
- office equipment repair technicianESCO 7421.5This occupation is broader
Office equipment repair technicians provide services to businesses related to installing, maintaining and repairing new or existing equipment such as printers, scanners and modems, on the clients' premises. They keep records of performed services and return equipment to a repair centre if needed.
- computer hardware engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.2Overlapping, not the same
Computer hardware engineering technicians collaborate with computer hardware engineers in the development of computer hardware, such as motherboards, routers, and microprocessors. Computer hardware engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, monitoring, and maintaining the developed computer technology.
- consumer electronics repair technicianESCO 7421.3Overlapping, not the same
Consumer electronics repair technicians use electrical equipment to diagnose malfunctions and test functionality of consumer electronics such as TVs, video and audio systems and digital cameras. They read manufacturers' instructions and conduct the necessary repairs or replacements.
- mobile devices technicianESCO 7422.3Overlapping, not the same
Mobile devices technicians carry out proper fault diagnosis to improve the quality of mobile devices and repair them. They provide information related to a number of services, including warranties and after-sale services.
- mobile phone repair technicianESCO 7422.3.1Overlapping, not the same
Mobile phone repair technicians run tests to assess the mobile phones' functionality, install and update phone software, troubleshoot wiring problems, and replace damaged parts and components such as batteries, LCD screens, keypads, buttons. They also advise their clients on warranty issues and recommend products based on their expertise.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1409 | Agent / Agente de maintenance en bureautique | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| I1401 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance en informatique | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1403 | Technicien / Technicienne Datacenter | Related, not a match |
| I1407 | Réparateur / Réparatrice en produits de télécommunication et multimédia | Related, not a match |
| I1322 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance des automates bancaires | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7531 | Mecánicos y reparadores de equipos electrónicos | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 7533 | Instaladores y reparadores en tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26312 | Berufe in der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 552 | 電気機械器具整備・修理従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources