Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-2021.00
Repair, install, or maintain mobile or stationary radio transmitting, broadcasting, and receiving equipment, and two-way radio communications systems used in cellular telecommunications, mobile broadband, ship-to-shore, aircraft-to-ground communications, and radio equipment in service and emergency vehicles. May test and analyze network coverage.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.24
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only30 rated tasks · 4 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (13.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Complete reports related to project status, progress, or other work details, using computer software.O*NET Task ID 19412 | 1.0 |
Read work orders, blueprints, plans, datasheets or site drawings to determine work to be done.O*NET Task ID 19407 | 0.5 |
Locate tower sites where work is to be performed, using mapping software.O*NET Task ID 19413 | 0.5 |
Take site survey photos or photos of work performed, using digital cameras.O*NET Task ID 19414 | 0.5 |
Bolt equipment into place, using hand or power tools.O*NET Task ID 19398 | 0.0 |
Check antenna positioning to ensure specified azimuths or mechanical tilts and adjust as necessary.O*NET Task ID 19399 | 0.0 |
Climb communication towers to install, replace, or repair antennas or auxiliary equipment used to transmit and receive radio waves.O*NET Task ID 19400 | 0.0 |
Inspect completed work to ensure all hardware is tight, antennas are level, hangers are properly fastened, proper support is in place, or adequate weather proofing has been installed.O*NET Task ID 19401 | 0.0 |
Install all necessary transmission equipment components, including antennas or antenna mounts, surge arrestors, transmission lines, connectors, or tower-mounted amplifiers (TMAs).O*NET Task ID 19402 | 0.0 |
Install or repair tower lighting components, including strobes, beacons, or lighting controllers.O*NET Task ID 19403 | 0.0 |
Install, connect, or test underground or aboveground grounding systems.O*NET Task ID 19404 | 0.0 |
Lift equipment into position, using cranes and rigging tools or equipment, such as gin poles.O*NET Task ID 19405 | 0.0 |
Perform maintenance or repair work on existing tower equipment, using hand or power tools.O*NET Task ID 19406 | 0.0 |
Replace existing antennas with new antennas as directed.O*NET Task ID 19408 | 0.0 |
Run appropriate power, ground, or coaxial cables.O*NET Task ID 19409 | 0.0 |
Test operation of tower transmission components, using sweep testing tools or software.O*NET Task ID 19410 | 0.0 |
Climb towers to access components, using safety equipment, such as full-body harnesses.O*NET Task ID 19411 | 0.0 |
Transport equipment to work sites, using utility trucks and equipment trailers.O*NET Task ID 19415 | 0.0 |
Calibrate and align components, using scales, gauges, and other measuring instruments.O*NET Task ID 23510 | 0.0 |
Examine malfunctioning radio equipment to locate defects such as loose connections, broken wires, or burned-out components, using schematic diagrams and test equipment.O*NET Task ID 23511 | 0.0 |
Insert plugs into receptacles and bolt or screw leads to terminals to connect equipment to power sources, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 23512 | 0.0 |
Install, adjust, and repair stationary and mobile radio transmitting and receiving equipment and two-way radio communication systems.O*NET Task ID 23513 | 0.0 |
Monitor radio range stations to detect transmission flaws and adjust controls to eliminate flaws.O*NET Task ID 23514 | 0.0 |
Mount equipment on transmission towers and in vehicles such as ships or ambulances.O*NET Task ID 23515 | 0.0 |
Remove and replace defective components and parts such as conductors, resistors, semiconductors, and integrated circuits, using soldering irons, wire cutters, and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 23516 | 0.0 |
Repair circuits, wiring, and soldering, using soldering irons and hand tools to install parts and adjust connections.O*NET Task ID 23517 | 0.0 |
Test batteries, using hydrometers and ammeters, and charge batteries as necessary.O*NET Task ID 23518 | 0.0 |
Test emergency transmitters to ensure their readiness for immediate use.O*NET Task ID 23519 | 0.0 |
Test equipment functions such as signal strength and quality, transmission capacity, interference, and signal delay, using equipment such as oscilloscopes, circuit analyzers, frequency meters, and wattmeters.O*NET Task ID 23520 | 0.0 |
Turn setscrews to adjust receivers for maximum sensitivity and transmitters for maximum output.O*NET Task ID 23521 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Bolt equipment into place, using hand or power tools. | Core |
| Check antenna positioning to ensure specified azimuths or mechanical tilts and adjust as necessary. | Core |
| Inspect completed work to ensure all hardware is tight, antennas are level, hangers are properly fastened, proper support is in place, or adequate weather proofing has been installed. | Core |
| Install all necessary transmission equipment components, including antennas or antenna mounts, surge arrestors, transmission lines, connectors, or tower-mounted amplifiers (TMAs). | Core |
| Install, connect, or test underground or aboveground grounding systems. | Core |
| Read work orders, blueprints, plans, datasheets or site drawings to determine work to be done. | Core |
| Replace existing antennas with new antennas as directed. | Core |
| Run appropriate power, ground, or coaxial cables. | Core |
| Test operation of tower transmission components, using sweep testing tools or software. | Core |
| Complete reports related to project status, progress, or other work details, using computer software. | Core |
| Take site survey photos or photos of work performed, using digital cameras. | Core |
| Transport equipment to work sites, using utility trucks and equipment trailers. | Core |
| Climb communication towers to install, replace, or repair antennas or auxiliary equipment used to transmit and receive radio waves. | Supplemental |
| Install or repair tower lighting components, including strobes, beacons, or lighting controllers. | Supplemental |
| Lift equipment into position, using cranes and rigging tools or equipment, such as gin poles. | Supplemental |
| Perform maintenance or repair work on existing tower equipment, using hand or power tools. | Supplemental |
| Climb towers to access components, using safety equipment, such as full-body harnesses. | Supplemental |
| Locate tower sites where work is to be performed, using mapping software. | Supplemental |
| Calibrate and align components, using scales, gauges, and other measuring instruments. | — |
| Examine malfunctioning radio equipment to locate defects such as loose connections, broken wires, or burned-out components, using schematic diagrams and test equipment. | — |
| Insert plugs into receptacles and bolt or screw leads to terminals to connect equipment to power sources, using hand tools. | — |
| Install, adjust, and repair stationary and mobile radio transmitting and receiving equipment and two-way radio communication systems. | — |
| Monitor radio range stations to detect transmission flaws and adjust controls to eliminate flaws. | — |
| Mount equipment on transmission towers and in vehicles such as ships or ambulances. | — |
| Remove and replace defective components and parts such as conductors, resistors, semiconductors, and integrated circuits, using soldering irons, wire cutters, and hand tools. | — |
| Repair circuits, wiring, and soldering, using soldering irons and hand tools to install parts and adjust connections. | — |
| Test batteries, using hydrometers and ammeters, and charge batteries as necessary. | — |
| Test emergency transmitters to ensure their readiness for immediate use. | — |
| Test equipment functions such as signal strength and quality, transmission capacity, interference, and signal delay, using equipment such as oscilloscopes, circuit analyzers, frequency meters, and wattmeters. | — |
| Turn setscrews to adjust receivers for maximum sensitivity and transmitters for maximum output. | — |
0.81/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Bolt equipment into place, using hand or power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Check antenna positioning to ensure specified azimuths or mechanical tilts and adjust as necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect completed work to ensure all hardware is tight, antennas are level, hangers are properly fastened, proper support is in place, or adequate weather proofing has been installed. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install all necessary transmission equipment components, including antennas or antenna mounts, surge arrestors, transmission lines, connectors, or tower-mounted amplifiers (TMAs). | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install, connect, or test underground or aboveground grounding systems. | E0 none |
| Replace existing antennas with new antennas as directed. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Run appropriate power, ground, or coaxial cables. | E0 none |
| Test operation of tower transmission components, using sweep testing tools or software. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Take site survey photos or photos of work performed, using digital cameras. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Transport equipment to work sites, using utility trucks and equipment trailers. | E2 structured facilities |
| Climb communication towers to install, replace, or repair antennas or auxiliary equipment used to transmit and receive radio waves. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install or repair tower lighting components, including strobes, beacons, or lighting controllers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Lift equipment into position, using cranes and rigging tools or equipment, such as gin poles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform maintenance or repair work on existing tower equipment, using hand or power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Climb towers to access components, using safety equipment, such as full-body harnesses. | E0 none |
| Calibrate and align components, using scales, gauges, and other measuring instruments. | E0 none |
| Examine malfunctioning radio equipment to locate defects such as loose connections, broken wires, or burned-out components, using schematic diagrams and test equipment. | E0 none |
| Insert plugs into receptacles and bolt or screw leads to terminals to connect equipment to power sources, using hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install, adjust, and repair stationary and mobile radio transmitting and receiving equipment and two-way radio communication systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Monitor radio range stations to detect transmission flaws and adjust controls to eliminate flaws. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mount equipment on transmission towers and in vehicles such as ships or ambulances. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Remove and replace defective components and parts such as conductors, resistors, semiconductors, and integrated circuits, using soldering irons, wire cutters, and hand tools. | E0 none |
| Repair circuits, wiring, and soldering, using soldering irons and hand tools to install parts and adjust connections. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test batteries, using hydrometers and ammeters, and charge batteries as necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test emergency transmitters to ensure their readiness for immediate use. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test equipment functions such as signal strength and quality, transmission capacity, interference, and signal delay, using equipment such as oscilloscopes, circuit analyzers, frequency meters, and wattmeters. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Turn setscrews to adjust receivers for maximum sensitivity and transmitters for maximum output. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 11K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 11K
- Change (2025–35)
- +1.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $63,520
- Typical education needed for entry
- Associate's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 77211 | 방송장비 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 77221 | 통신장비 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 77222 | 기지국 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 77212 | 위성방송 안테나 설치 및 수리원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- telecommunications technicianESCO 7422.7This occupation is narrower
Telecommunications technicians install, test, maintain and troubleshoot telecommunications systems. They repair or replace defective devices and equipment and maintain a safe working environment and a complete inventory of supplies. They also provide user or customer assistance.
- communication infrastructure maintainerESCO 7422.1This occupation is broader
Communication infrastructure maintainers install, repair, run and maintain infrastructure for communication systems.
- mobile phone repair technicianESCO 7422.3.1This occupation is broader
Mobile phone repair technicians run tests to assess the mobile phones' functionality, install and update phone software, troubleshoot wiring problems, and replace damaged parts and components such as batteries, LCD screens, keypads, buttons. They also advise their clients on warranty issues and recommend products based on their expertise.
- radio technicianESCO 7422.4This occupation is broader
Radio technicians install, adjust, test, maintain, and repair mobile or stationary radio transmitting and receiving equipment and two-way radio communications systems. They also monitor their performance and determine causes of faults.
- telecommunications engineerESCO 2153.1This occupation is broader
Telecommunications engineers design, build, test and maintain telecommunication systems and networks, including radio and broadcasting equipment. \ They analyse customer needs and requirements, ensure that the equipment meets regulations, and prepare and present reports and proposals on telecommunication-related problems. Telecommunications engineers design and oversee the service delivery in all it's phases, supervising the installation and use of telecommunications equipment and facilities, preparing documentation and providing training for company staff once new equipment has been installed.
- telecommunications engineering technicianESCO 3522.1This occupation is broader
Telecommunications engineering technician deploy, maintain and monitor a telecommunication system that provides interactions between data and voice communications, such as telephone, video conferencing, computer, and voicemail systems. They are also involved in the design, manufacturing, construction, maintenance and repair of telecommunication systems. Telecommunications engineering technicians provide technical assistance in the research and development of telecommunication equipment.
- telecommunications equipment maintainerESCO 7422.6This occupation is broader
Telecommunications equipment maintainers repair, install or maintain mobile or stationary radio transmitting, broadcasting, and receiving equipment, and two-way radio communications systems (cellular telecommunications, mobile broadband, ship-to-shore, aircraft-to-ground communications, radio equipment in service and emergency vehicles). They also focus on communication towers, antennas, amplifiers and connectors. They may test and analyse network coverage.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1623 | Monteur / Monteuse installation réseaux mobiles | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1312 | Technicien / Technicienne réseaux mobiles | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1319 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance réseaux mobiles | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7533 | Instaladores y reparadores en tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3833 | Técnicos de ingeniería de las telecomunicaciones | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26312 | Berufe in der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 51183 | Berufe im technischen Betrieb des Eisenbahn-, Luft- und Schiffsverkehrs (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 674 | 電気通信設備工事従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 552 | 電気機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources