Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-2094.00
Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.17–0.25· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 7412Electrical Mechanics and Fitters0.17
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers0.25
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only20 rated tasks · 9 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (45.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Calibrate testing instruments and installed or repaired equipment to prescribed specifications.49-2094.00 | 0.021162.1 |
Advise management regarding customer satisfaction, product performance, or suggestions for product improvements.49-2094.00 | 0.007823.0 |
Examine work orders and converse with equipment operators to detect equipment problems and to ascertain whether mechanical or human errors contributed to the problems.49-2094.00 | 0.005114.9 |
| Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Perform scheduled preventive maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, or repairing equipment, to detect and prevent problems. | —0 |
Set up and test industrial equipment to ensure that it functions properly. | —0 |
Operate equipment to demonstrate proper use or to analyze malfunctions. | —0 |
Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems. | —0 |
Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment. | —0 |
Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires. | —0 |
Study blueprints, schematics, manuals, or other specifications to determine installation procedures. | —0 |
Maintain equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests. | —0 |
Coordinate efforts with other workers involved in installing or maintaining equipment or components. | —0 |
Maintain inventory of spare parts. | —0 |
Consult with customers, supervisors, or engineers to plan layout of equipment or to resolve problems in system operation or maintenance. | —0 |
Send defective units to the manufacturer or to a specialized repair shop for repair. | —0 |
Install repaired equipment in various settings, such as industrial or military establishments. | —0 |
Determine feasibility of using standardized equipment or develop specifications for equipment required to perform additional functions. | —0 |
Enter information into computer to copy program or to draw, modify, or store schematics, applying knowledge of software package used. | —0 |
Develop or modify industrial electronic devices, circuits, or equipment, according to available specifications. | —0 |
Sign overhaul documents for equipment replaced or repaired. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests.O*NET Task ID 892 | 1.0 |
Enter information into computer to copy program or to draw, modify, or store schematics, applying knowledge of software package used.O*NET Task ID 899 | 1.0 |
Sign overhaul documents for equipment replaced or repaired.O*NET Task ID 900 | 1.0 |
Develop or modify industrial electronic devices, circuits, or equipment, according to available specifications.O*NET Task ID 901 | 1.0 |
Advise management regarding customer satisfaction, product performance, or suggestions for product improvements.O*NET Task ID 889 | 0.5 |
Study blueprints, schematics, manuals, or other specifications to determine installation procedures.O*NET Task ID 891 | 0.5 |
Maintain inventory of spare parts.O*NET Task ID 894 | 0.5 |
Consult with customers, supervisors, or engineers to plan layout of equipment or to resolve problems in system operation or maintenance.O*NET Task ID 895 | 0.5 |
Determine feasibility of using standardized equipment or develop specifications for equipment required to perform additional functions.O*NET Task ID 898 | 0.5 |
Perform scheduled preventive maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, or repairing equipment, to detect and prevent problems.O*NET Task ID 882 | 0.0 |
Examine work orders and converse with equipment operators to detect equipment problems and to ascertain whether mechanical or human errors contributed to the problems.O*NET Task ID 883 | 0.0 |
Set up and test industrial equipment to ensure that it functions properly.O*NET Task ID 884 | 0.0 |
Operate equipment to demonstrate proper use or to analyze malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 885 | 0.0 |
Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems.O*NET Task ID 886 | 0.0 |
Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment.O*NET Task ID 887 | 0.0 |
Calibrate testing instruments and installed or repaired equipment to prescribed specifications.O*NET Task ID 888 | 0.0 |
Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires.O*NET Task ID 890 | 0.0 |
Coordinate efforts with other workers involved in installing or maintaining equipment or components.O*NET Task ID 893 | 0.0 |
Send defective units to the manufacturer or to a specialized repair shop for repair.O*NET Task ID 896 | 0.0 |
Install repaired equipment in various settings, such as industrial or military establishments.O*NET Task ID 897 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Perform scheduled preventive maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, or repairing equipment, to detect and prevent problems. | Core |
| Examine work orders and converse with equipment operators to detect equipment problems and to ascertain whether mechanical or human errors contributed to the problems. | Core |
| Set up and test industrial equipment to ensure that it functions properly. | Core |
| Operate equipment to demonstrate proper use or to analyze malfunctions. | Core |
| Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems. | Core |
| Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment. | Core |
| Calibrate testing instruments and installed or repaired equipment to prescribed specifications. | Core |
| Advise management regarding customer satisfaction, product performance, or suggestions for product improvements. | Core |
| Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires. | Core |
| Study blueprints, schematics, manuals, or other specifications to determine installation procedures. | Core |
| Maintain equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests. | Core |
| Coordinate efforts with other workers involved in installing or maintaining equipment or components. | Core |
| Maintain inventory of spare parts. | Core |
| Consult with customers, supervisors, or engineers to plan layout of equipment or to resolve problems in system operation or maintenance. | Core |
| Send defective units to the manufacturer or to a specialized repair shop for repair. | Core |
| Install repaired equipment in various settings, such as industrial or military establishments. | Core |
| Determine feasibility of using standardized equipment or develop specifications for equipment required to perform additional functions. | Core |
| Enter information into computer to copy program or to draw, modify, or store schematics, applying knowledge of software package used. | Core |
| Develop or modify industrial electronic devices, circuits, or equipment, according to available specifications. | Core |
| Sign overhaul documents for equipment replaced or repaired. | Supplemental |
0.23/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Perform scheduled preventive maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, or repairing equipment, to detect and prevent problems. | E0 none |
| Set up and test industrial equipment to ensure that it functions properly. | E0 none |
| Operate equipment to demonstrate proper use or to analyze malfunctions. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems. | E0 none |
| Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment. | E0 none |
| Calibrate testing instruments and installed or repaired equipment to prescribed specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain inventory of spare parts. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Send defective units to the manufacturer or to a specialized repair shop for repair. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install repaired equipment in various settings, such as industrial or military establishments. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Develop or modify industrial electronic devices, circuits, or equipment, according to available specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 66K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 66K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $74,090
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 76224 | 전기제어장치 설치 및 정비원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 86202 | 공장 전기 및 전자설비 조작원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 76214 | 플랜트 전기 설치원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7412Electrical Mechanics and Fitters
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- consumer electronics repair technicianESCO 7421.3Same scope
Consumer electronics repair technicians use electrical equipment to diagnose malfunctions and test functionality of consumer electronics such as TVs, video and audio systems and digital cameras. They read manufacturers' instructions and conduct the necessary repairs or replacements.
- electricianESCO 7411.1This occupation is narrower
Electricians fit and repair electrical circuits and wiring systems. They also install and maintain electrical equipment and machinery. This work can be performed indoors as well as outdoors, in nearly every type of facility.
- building electricianESCO 7411.1.1This occupation is broader
Building electricians install and maintain electricity cables and other electrical infrastructure in buildings. They make sure installed electrical equipment is isolated and presents no fire hazards. They understand existing situations and make improvements if called for.
- industrial electricianESCO 7411.1.1.2This occupation is broader
Industrial electricians install and maintain electricity cables and other electrical infrastructure in large industrial and commercial buildings. They perform inspections and repair defective parts of electrical systems to ensure efficiency.
- marine electronics technicianESCO 7421.4This occupation is broader
Marine electronics technicians lay out, install and repair electronic systems and equipment in vessels. They assemble electronic components and wiring according to blueprints and assembly drawings.
- railway electronic technicianESCO 7421.6This occupation is broader
Railway electronic technicians are responsible for installing, inspecting, testing, and maintaining train control systems, radio, radar, electronic and electromagnetic components.
- electrical engineering technicianESCO 3113.1Overlapping, not the same
Electrical engineering technicians work together with electrical engineers in electrical engineering research. They perform technical tasks and aid in the designing, testing, manufacturing and operation of electrical devices and facilities.
- electrical mechanicESCO 7412.3Overlapping, not the same
Electrical mechanics install, repair and maintain mechanical and electrical components of machinery, tools and equipment. They test electrical parts to ensure efficiency and make improvements accordingly.
- electromechanical engineering technicianESCO 3113.1.2Overlapping, not the same
Electromechanical engineering technicians collaborate with electromechanical engineers in the development of electromechanical equipment. Electromechanical engineering technicians are responsible for building, installing, testing, monitoring, and maintaining the electromechanical equipment, circuits and systems. They test this by the use of test instruments such as oscilloscopes and voltmeters. Electromechanical engineering technicians also use soldering equipment and hand tools to repair electromechanical equipment.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1318 | Instrumentiste Industriel / Industrielle | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| I1302 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance d'installations automatisées | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1305 | Technicien / Technicienne installation et maintenance électronique | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7531 | Mecánicos y reparadores de equipos electrónicos | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 7521 | Mecánicos y reparadores de equipos eléctricos | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 25132 | Technische Servicekräfte in Wartung und Instandhaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 26122 | Berufe in der Automatisierungstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 26252 | Berufe in der elektrischen Betriebstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 26382 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 552 | 電気機械器具整備・修理従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources