Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-3042.00
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment, such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and conveyors, used in construction, logging, and mining.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.17
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only20 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (15.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Diagnose faults or malfunctions to determine required repairs, using engine diagnostic equipment such as computerized test equipment and calibration devices.49-3042.00 | 0.0061100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 19 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Test mechanical products and equipment after repair or assembly to ensure proper performance and compliance with manufacturers' specifications. | —0 |
Repair and replace damaged or worn parts. | —0 |
Operate and inspect machines or heavy equipment to diagnose defects. | —0 |
Dismantle and reassemble heavy equipment using hoists and hand tools. | —0 |
Clean, lubricate, and perform other routine maintenance work on equipment and vehicles. | —0 |
Examine parts for damage or excessive wear, using micrometers and gauges. | —0 |
Schedule maintenance for industrial machines and equipment, and keep equipment service records. | —0 |
Read and understand operating manuals, blueprints, and technical drawings. | —0 |
Overhaul and test machines or equipment to ensure operating efficiency. | —0 |
Assemble gear systems, and align frames and gears. | —0 |
Fit bearings to adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment. | —0 |
Weld or solder broken parts and structural members, using electric or gas welders and soldering tools. | —0 |
Clean parts by spraying them with grease solvent or immersing them in tanks of solvent. | —0 |
Adjust, maintain, and repair or replace subassemblies, such as transmissions and crawler heads, using hand tools, jacks, and cranes. | —0 |
Adjust and maintain industrial machinery, using control and regulating devices. | —0 |
Fabricate needed parts or items from sheet metal. | —0 |
Repair, rewire, and troubleshoot electrical systems. | —0 |
Research, order, and maintain parts inventory for services and repairs. | —0 |
Direct workers who are assembling or disassembling equipment or cleaning parts. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Schedule maintenance for industrial machines and equipment, and keep equipment service records.O*NET Task ID 3007 | 1.0 |
Read and understand operating manuals, blueprints, and technical drawings.O*NET Task ID 3008 | 0.5 |
Research, order, and maintain parts inventory for services and repairs.O*NET Task ID 18584 | 0.5 |
Test mechanical products and equipment after repair or assembly to ensure proper performance and compliance with manufacturers' specifications.O*NET Task ID 3000 | 0.0 |
Repair and replace damaged or worn parts.O*NET Task ID 3001 | 0.0 |
Operate and inspect machines or heavy equipment to diagnose defects.O*NET Task ID 3002 | 0.0 |
Diagnose faults or malfunctions to determine required repairs, using engine diagnostic equipment such as computerized test equipment and calibration devices.O*NET Task ID 3003 | 0.0 |
Dismantle and reassemble heavy equipment using hoists and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 3004 | 0.0 |
Clean, lubricate, and perform other routine maintenance work on equipment and vehicles.O*NET Task ID 3005 | 0.0 |
Examine parts for damage or excessive wear, using micrometers and gauges.O*NET Task ID 3006 | 0.0 |
Overhaul and test machines or equipment to ensure operating efficiency.O*NET Task ID 3009 | 0.0 |
Assemble gear systems, and align frames and gears.O*NET Task ID 3010 | 0.0 |
Fit bearings to adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment.O*NET Task ID 3011 | 0.0 |
Weld or solder broken parts and structural members, using electric or gas welders and soldering tools.O*NET Task ID 3012 | 0.0 |
Clean parts by spraying them with grease solvent or immersing them in tanks of solvent.O*NET Task ID 3013 | 0.0 |
Adjust, maintain, and repair or replace subassemblies, such as transmissions and crawler heads, using hand tools, jacks, and cranes.O*NET Task ID 3014 | 0.0 |
Adjust and maintain industrial machinery, using control and regulating devices.O*NET Task ID 3015 | 0.0 |
Fabricate needed parts or items from sheet metal.O*NET Task ID 3016 | 0.0 |
Direct workers who are assembling or disassembling equipment or cleaning parts.O*NET Task ID 3017 | 0.0 |
Repair, rewire, and troubleshoot electrical systems.O*NET Task ID 18583 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Test mechanical products and equipment after repair or assembly to ensure proper performance and compliance with manufacturers' specifications. | Core |
| Repair and replace damaged or worn parts. | Core |
| Operate and inspect machines or heavy equipment to diagnose defects. | Core |
| Diagnose faults or malfunctions to determine required repairs, using engine diagnostic equipment such as computerized test equipment and calibration devices. | Core |
| Dismantle and reassemble heavy equipment using hoists and hand tools. | Core |
| Clean, lubricate, and perform other routine maintenance work on equipment and vehicles. | Core |
| Examine parts for damage or excessive wear, using micrometers and gauges. | Core |
| Schedule maintenance for industrial machines and equipment, and keep equipment service records. | Core |
| Read and understand operating manuals, blueprints, and technical drawings. | Core |
| Overhaul and test machines or equipment to ensure operating efficiency. | Core |
| Assemble gear systems, and align frames and gears. | Core |
| Fit bearings to adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment. | Core |
| Weld or solder broken parts and structural members, using electric or gas welders and soldering tools. | Core |
| Clean parts by spraying them with grease solvent or immersing them in tanks of solvent. | Core |
| Adjust, maintain, and repair or replace subassemblies, such as transmissions and crawler heads, using hand tools, jacks, and cranes. | Core |
| Adjust and maintain industrial machinery, using control and regulating devices. | Core |
| Fabricate needed parts or items from sheet metal. | Core |
| Direct workers who are assembling or disassembling equipment or cleaning parts. | Core |
| Repair, rewire, and troubleshoot electrical systems. | Core |
| Research, order, and maintain parts inventory for services and repairs. | Core |
0.20/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Test mechanical products and equipment after repair or assembly to ensure proper performance and compliance with manufacturers' specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Repair and replace damaged or worn parts. | E0 none |
| Operate and inspect machines or heavy equipment to diagnose defects. | E0 none |
| Diagnose faults or malfunctions to determine required repairs, using engine diagnostic equipment such as computerized test equipment and calibration devices. | E0 none |
| Dismantle and reassemble heavy equipment using hoists and hand tools. | E0 none |
| Clean, lubricate, and perform other routine maintenance work on equipment and vehicles. | E0 none |
| Examine parts for damage or excessive wear, using micrometers and gauges. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Overhaul and test machines or equipment to ensure operating efficiency. | E0 none |
| Assemble gear systems, and align frames and gears. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fit bearings to adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Weld or solder broken parts and structural members, using electric or gas welders and soldering tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean parts by spraying them with grease solvent or immersing them in tanks of solvent. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Adjust, maintain, and repair or replace subassemblies, such as transmissions and crawler heads, using hand tools, jacks, and cranes. | E0 none |
| Adjust and maintain industrial machinery, using control and regulating devices. | E0 none |
| Fabricate needed parts or items from sheet metal. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Repair, rewire, and troubleshoot electrical systems. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 180K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 193K
- Change (2025–35)
- +6.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $65,510
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75343 | 지게차 정비원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 75371 | 건설용 굴삭기 정비원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 75372 | 광업용 기계 설치 및 정비원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 75379 | 그 외 건설용 기계 정비원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 75341 | 크레인 설치 및 정비원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7233Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install, examine, service and repair engines, agricultural and industrial machinery and mechanical equipment, except motor vehicle, aircraft and electric motors.
Tasks
- (a) fitting, installing, examining, servicing and repairing engines, machinery and mechanical equipment;
- (b) oiling and greasing stationary engines and machinery;
- (c) inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for conformity with standards and specifications;
- (d) disassembling machinery and equipment to remove parts and make repairs;
- (e) examining parts for defects such as breakage and excessive wear;
- (f) operating newly repaired machinery and equipment to verify the adequacy of repairs;
- (g) recording repairs and maintenance performed.
Example occupations
Construction machinery mechanic · Construction machinery repairer · Farm machinery repairer · Mining machinery fitter · Mining machinery repairer · Stationary engine fitter · Stationary engine repairer · Train engine fitter · Train engine repairer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- construction equipment technicianESCO 7233.1Same scope
Construction equipment technicians inspect, maintain and repair heavy-duty vehicles used in construction, forestry and earthworks such as bulldozers, excavators and harvesters. They perform evaluations of the equipment, and ensure the safety and optimal efficiency of the machinery.
- mining equipment mechanicESCO 7233.10Same scope
Mining equipment mechanics install, remove, maintain and repair mining equipment.
- agricultural machinery technicianESCO 7233.8.1This occupation is broader
Agricultural equipment technicians repair, overhaul and maintain agricultural equipment including tractors, tillage equipment, seeding equipment and harvesting equipment. They perform evaluations of the equipment, perform preventive maintenance activities and repair faults.
- forge equipment technicianESCO 7233.5This occupation is broader
Forge equipment technicians maintain and repair forge machinery such as presses and material handling equipment. They perform evaluations of the equipment, perform preventative maintenance activities, and repair faults. They also assist in the installation of the equipment and ensure proper functionality.
- land-based machinery technicianESCO 7233.8This occupation is broader
Land-based machinery technicians maintain, overhaul and repair agricultural equipment and machinery.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1616 | Mécanicien / Mécanicienne d'engins de chantier et de travaux publics | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| I1603 | Mécanicien-réparateur / Mécanicienne-réparatrice en matériels agricoles | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| I1620 | Mécanicien-réparateur / Mécanicienne-réparatrice d'engins de levage et de manutention | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7403 | Mecánicos y ajustadores de maquinaria agrícola e industrial | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 25222 | Berufe in der Land- und Baumaschinentechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 25182 | Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 25223 | Berufe in der Land- und Baumaschinentechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources