Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 51-2061.00
Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances, of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with electrical or electronic components.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.039
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.28
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only17 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (17.6%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Estimate spaces between collets and first inner coils to determine if spaces are within acceptable limits.O*NET Task ID 15014 | 0.5 |
Turn wheels of calipers and examine springs, using loupes, to determine if center coils appear as perfect circles.O*NET Task ID 15016 | 0.5 |
Review blueprints, sketches, or work orders to gather information about tasks to be completed.O*NET Task ID 15018 | 0.5 |
Assemble and install components of timepieces to complete mechanisms, using watchmakers' tools and loupes.O*NET Task ID 15003 | 0.0 |
Observe operation of timepiece parts and subassemblies to determine accuracy of movement, and to diagnose causes of defects.O*NET Task ID 15004 | 0.0 |
Test operation and fit of timepiece parts and subassemblies, using electronic testing equipment, tweezers, watchmakers' tools, and loupes.O*NET Task ID 15005 | 0.0 |
Replace specified parts to repair malfunctioning timepieces, using watchmakers' tools, loupes, and holding fixtures.O*NET Task ID 15006 | 0.0 |
Disassemble timepieces such as watches, clocks, and chronometers so that repairs can be made.O*NET Task ID 15007 | 0.0 |
Clean and lubricate timepiece parts and assemblies, using solvents, buff sticks, and oil.O*NET Task ID 15008 | 0.0 |
Examine components of timepieces such as watches, clocks, or chronometers for defects, using loupes or microscopes.O*NET Task ID 15009 | 0.0 |
Bend parts, such as hairsprings, pallets, barrel covers, and bridges, to correct deficiencies in truing or endshake, using tweezers.O*NET Task ID 15010 | 0.0 |
Change timing weights on balance wheels to correct deficient timing.O*NET Task ID 15011 | 0.0 |
Adjust sizes or positioning of timepiece parts to achieve specified fit or function, using calipers, fixtures, and loupes.O*NET Task ID 15012 | 0.0 |
Mount hairsprings and balance wheel assemblies between jaws of truing calipers.O*NET Task ID 15013 | 0.0 |
Bend inner coils of springs away from or toward collets, using tweezers, to locate centers of collets in centers of springs, and to correct errors resulting from faulty colleting of coils.O*NET Task ID 15015 | 0.0 |
Examine and adjust hairspring assemblies to ensure horizontal and circular alignment of hairsprings, using calipers, loupes, and watchmakers' tools.O*NET Task ID 15017 | 0.0 |
Tighten or replace loose jewels, using watchmakers' tools.O*NET Task ID 15019 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (17)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Assemble and install components of timepieces to complete mechanisms, using watchmakers' tools and loupes. | Core |
| Observe operation of timepiece parts and subassemblies to determine accuracy of movement, and to diagnose causes of defects. | Core |
| Test operation and fit of timepiece parts and subassemblies, using electronic testing equipment, tweezers, watchmakers' tools, and loupes. | Core |
| Replace specified parts to repair malfunctioning timepieces, using watchmakers' tools, loupes, and holding fixtures. | Core |
| Disassemble timepieces such as watches, clocks, and chronometers so that repairs can be made. | Core |
| Clean and lubricate timepiece parts and assemblies, using solvents, buff sticks, and oil. | Core |
| Examine components of timepieces such as watches, clocks, or chronometers for defects, using loupes or microscopes. | Core |
| Bend parts, such as hairsprings, pallets, barrel covers, and bridges, to correct deficiencies in truing or endshake, using tweezers. | Core |
| Change timing weights on balance wheels to correct deficient timing. | Supplemental |
| Adjust sizes or positioning of timepiece parts to achieve specified fit or function, using calipers, fixtures, and loupes. | Supplemental |
| Mount hairsprings and balance wheel assemblies between jaws of truing calipers. | Supplemental |
| Estimate spaces between collets and first inner coils to determine if spaces are within acceptable limits. | Supplemental |
| Bend inner coils of springs away from or toward collets, using tweezers, to locate centers of collets in centers of springs, and to correct errors resulting from faulty colleting of coils. | Supplemental |
| Turn wheels of calipers and examine springs, using loupes, to determine if center coils appear as perfect circles. | Supplemental |
| Examine and adjust hairspring assemblies to ensure horizontal and circular alignment of hairsprings, using calipers, loupes, and watchmakers' tools. | Supplemental |
| Review blueprints, sketches, or work orders to gather information about tasks to be completed. | Supplemental |
| Tighten or replace loose jewels, using watchmakers' tools. | Supplemental |
0.78/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Assemble and install components of timepieces to complete mechanisms, using watchmakers' tools and loupes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Observe operation of timepiece parts and subassemblies to determine accuracy of movement, and to diagnose causes of defects. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test operation and fit of timepiece parts and subassemblies, using electronic testing equipment, tweezers, watchmakers' tools, and loupes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Replace specified parts to repair malfunctioning timepieces, using watchmakers' tools, loupes, and holding fixtures. | E0 none |
| Disassemble timepieces such as watches, clocks, and chronometers so that repairs can be made. | E0 none |
| Clean and lubricate timepiece parts and assemblies, using solvents, buff sticks, and oil. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Examine components of timepieces such as watches, clocks, or chronometers for defects, using loupes or microscopes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Bend parts, such as hairsprings, pallets, barrel covers, and bridges, to correct deficiencies in truing or endshake, using tweezers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Change timing weights on balance wheels to correct deficient timing. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Adjust sizes or positioning of timepiece parts to achieve specified fit or function, using calipers, fixtures, and loupes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mount hairsprings and balance wheel assemblies between jaws of truing calipers. | E0 none |
| Estimate spaces between collets and first inner coils to determine if spaces are within acceptable limits. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Bend inner coils of springs away from or toward collets, using tweezers, to locate centers of collets in centers of springs, and to correct errors resulting from faulty colleting of coils. | E0 none |
| Turn wheels of calipers and examine springs, using loupes, to determine if center coils appear as perfect circles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Examine and adjust hairspring assemblies to ensure horizontal and circular alignment of hairsprings, using calipers, loupes, and watchmakers' tools. | E0 none |
| Tighten or replace loose jewels, using watchmakers' tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 200
- Projected employment, 2035
- 200
- Change (2025–35)
- -6.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $62,620
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 86403 | 전자 및 정밀 기구 조립원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 8212Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- clock and watchmakerESCO 7311.1This occupation is broader
Clock and watchmakers make mechanical or electronic clocks and watches. They use precision hand tools or automated machinery to assemble the timing devices. Clock and watchmakers may also repair clocks or watches. They can work in workshops or in factories.
- watch and clock repairerESCO 7311.6This occupation is broader
Watch and clock repairers maintain and repair wristwatches and clocks. They identify defects, change batteries, fit new straps, oil and replace damaged parts. They may also restore antique clocks.
- precision instrument assemblerESCO 7311.4Overlapping, not the same
Precision instrument assemblers read blueprints and assembly drawings to assemble precision instruments such as micrometers, gauges, thermostats and utility meters. They collect the different components and piece them together using hand tools or machinery. Furthermore they calibrate the instruments and test their precision.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| B1616 | Opérateur / Opératrice en horlogerie | This occupation is broader |
| B1604 | Horloger / Horlogère | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 8202 | Ensambladores de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos | This occupation is narrower |
| 7611 | Relojeros y mecánicos de instrumentos de precisión | Related, not a match |
| 8209 | Montadores y ensambladores no clasificados en otros epígrafes | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 24532 | Berufe im Uhrmacherhandwerk - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 24512 | Berufe in der Feinwerktechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 545 | 計量計測機器・光学機械器具組立従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 555 | 計量計測機器・光学機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a match |
| 515 | 計量計測機器・光学機械器具組立設備制御・監視員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources