Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters

O*NET-SOC code: 51-7011.00

Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for wood products.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.16
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

20 rated tasks · 5 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (25.0%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Program computers to operate machinery. O*NET Task ID 12221	1.0
Draw up detailed specifications and discuss projects with customers. O*NET Task ID 20822	1.0
Establish the specifications of articles to be constructed or repaired, or plan the methods or operations for shaping or assembling parts, based on blueprints, drawings, diagrams, or oral or written instructions. O*NET Task ID 12216	0.5
Estimate the amounts, types, or costs of needed materials. O*NET Task ID 12222	0.5
Design furniture, using computer-aided drawing programs. O*NET Task ID 12228	0.5
Produce or assemble components of articles, such as store fixtures, office equipment, cabinets, or high-grade furniture. O*NET Task ID 12210	0.0
Verify dimensions or check the quality or fit of pieces to ensure adherence to specifications. O*NET Task ID 12211	0.0
Set up or operate machines, including power saws, jointers, mortisers, tenoners, molders, or shapers, to cut, mold, or shape woodstock or wood substitutes. O*NET Task ID 12212	0.0
Measure and mark dimensions of parts on paper or lumber stock prior to cutting, following blueprints, to ensure a tight fit and quality product. O*NET Task ID 12213	0.0
Reinforce joints with nails or other fasteners to prepare articles for finishing. O*NET Task ID 12214	0.0
Attach parts or subassemblies together to form completed units, using glue, dowels, nails, screws, or clamps. O*NET Task ID 12215	0.0
Cut timber to the right size, and shape and trim parts of joints to ensure a snug fit, using hand tools, such as planes, chisels, or wood files. O*NET Task ID 12217	0.0
Match materials for color, grain, or texture, giving attention to knots or other features of the wood. O*NET Task ID 12218	0.0
Trim, sand, or scrape surfaces or joints to prepare articles for finishing. O*NET Task ID 12219	0.0
Bore holes for insertion of screws or dowels, by hand or using boring machines. O*NET Task ID 12220	0.0
Perform final touch-ups with sandpaper or steel wool. O*NET Task ID 12223	0.0
Install hardware, such as hinges, handles, catches, or drawer pulls, using hand tools. O*NET Task ID 12224	0.0
Repair or alter wooden furniture, cabinetry, fixtures, paneling, or other pieces. O*NET Task ID 12226	0.0
Apply Masonite, formica, or vinyl surfacing materials. O*NET Task ID 12227	0.0
Dip, brush, or spray assembled articles with protective or decorative finishes, such as stain, varnish, paint, or lacquer. O*NET Task ID 12229	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Produce or assemble components of articles, such as store fixtures, office equipment, cabinets, or high-grade furniture.	Core
Verify dimensions or check the quality or fit of pieces to ensure adherence to specifications.	Core
Set up or operate machines, including power saws, jointers, mortisers, tenoners, molders, or shapers, to cut, mold, or shape woodstock or wood substitutes.	Core
Measure and mark dimensions of parts on paper or lumber stock prior to cutting, following blueprints, to ensure a tight fit and quality product.	Core
Reinforce joints with nails or other fasteners to prepare articles for finishing.	Core
Attach parts or subassemblies together to form completed units, using glue, dowels, nails, screws, or clamps.	Core
Establish the specifications of articles to be constructed or repaired, or plan the methods or operations for shaping or assembling parts, based on blueprints, drawings, diagrams, or oral or written instructions.	Core
Cut timber to the right size, and shape and trim parts of joints to ensure a snug fit, using hand tools, such as planes, chisels, or wood files.	Core
Match materials for color, grain, or texture, giving attention to knots or other features of the wood.	Core
Trim, sand, or scrape surfaces or joints to prepare articles for finishing.	Core
Bore holes for insertion of screws or dowels, by hand or using boring machines.	Core
Perform final touch-ups with sandpaper or steel wool.	Core
Install hardware, such as hinges, handles, catches, or drawer pulls, using hand tools.	Core
Repair or alter wooden furniture, cabinetry, fixtures, paneling, or other pieces.	Core
Program computers to operate machinery.	Supplemental
Estimate the amounts, types, or costs of needed materials.	Supplemental
Apply Masonite, formica, or vinyl surfacing materials.	Supplemental
Design furniture, using computer-aided drawing programs.	Supplemental
Dip, brush, or spray assembled articles with protective or decorative finishes, such as stain, varnish, paint, or lacquer.	Supplemental
Draw up detailed specifications and discuss projects with customers.	Supplemental

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.85/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Produce or assemble components of articles, such as store fixtures, office equipment, cabinets, or high-grade furniture.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Verify dimensions or check the quality or fit of pieces to ensure adherence to specifications.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Set up or operate machines, including power saws, jointers, mortisers, tenoners, molders, or shapers, to cut, mold, or shape woodstock or wood substitutes.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Measure and mark dimensions of parts on paper or lumber stock prior to cutting, following blueprints, to ensure a tight fit and quality product.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Reinforce joints with nails or other fasteners to prepare articles for finishing.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Attach parts or subassemblies together to form completed units, using glue, dowels, nails, screws, or clamps.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Cut timber to the right size, and shape and trim parts of joints to ensure a snug fit, using hand tools, such as planes, chisels, or wood files.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Match materials for color, grain, or texture, giving attention to knots or other features of the wood.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Trim, sand, or scrape surfaces or joints to prepare articles for finishing.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Bore holes for insertion of screws or dowels, by hand or using boring machines.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Perform final touch-ups with sandpaper or steel wool.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Install hardware, such as hinges, handles, catches, or drawer pulls, using hand tools.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Repair or alter wooden furniture, cabinetry, fixtures, paneling, or other pieces.	E0 none
Apply Masonite, formica, or vinyl surfacing materials.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Dip, brush, or spray assembled articles with protective or decorative finishes, such as stain, varnish, paint, or lacquer.	E1 purpose-built robot settings

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 82K
Projected employment, 2035: 79K
Change (2025–35): -2.9%
Median annual wage, 2025: $46,680
Typical education needed for entry: High school diploma or equivalent

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
73021	가구 제조원	Same scope	confirmed
73011	목재 케이스 및 나무 상자 제조원	This occupation is broader	confirmed
93010	가구 조립원	Related, not a match	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 7522Cabinet-makers and Related Workers

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

cabinet makerESCO 7522.2Same scope
Cabinet makers build cabinets or other pieces of furniture by cutting, shaping and fitting pieces of wood. They use different kind of power and hand tools, such as lathes, planers and saws.
wooden furniture machine operatorESCO 7523.3This occupation is broader
Wooden furniture machine operators run machines that manufacture wooden furniture parts, according to the established operating procedure. They ensure the machine works smoothly and repair parts if necessary.
carpenterESCO 7115.1Overlapping, not the same
Carpenters cut, shape and assemble wooden elements for the construction of buildings and other structures. They also use materials such as plastic and metal in their creations. Carpenters create the wooden frames to support wood framed buildings.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
H2201	Assembleur / Assembleuse d'ouvrages en bois	This occupation is broader
H2213	Menuisier / Menuisière en construction nautique	This occupation is broader
H2207	Ebéniste	This occupation is broaderprovisional
H2215	Caissier / Caissière de l'emballage industriel	This occupation is broaderprovisional
H2205	Opérateur / Opératrice de production en industrie du bois	Overlapping, not the sameprovisional
H2206	Menuisier / Menuisière	Overlapping, not the sameprovisional
H2214	Mérandier / Mérandière	Related, not a match
F1504	Charpentier / Charpentière de marine	Related, not a matchprovisional
H2210	Tonnelier / Tonnelière	Related, not a matchprovisional
H2220	Agent / Agente de montage en ameublement	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
7820	Ebanistas y trabajadores afines	Same scopeprovisional
7131	Carpinteros (excepto ebanistas)	Related, not a matchprovisional
7812	Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas para trabajar la madera	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
22342	Berufe im Holz-, Möbel- und Innenausbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	This occupation is narrower
22332	Berufe in der Produktion von Fertigprodukten aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Related, not a matchprovisional
22382	Berufe in der Holzbe- und -verarbeitung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
536	木・紙製品製造従事者	This occupation is narrower

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources