Flight Attendants
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 53-2031.00
Monitor safety of the aircraft cabin. Provide services to airline passengers, explain safety information, serve food and beverages, and respond to emergency incidents.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.091
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 5 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (20.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Answer passengers' questions about flights, aircraft, weather, travel routes and services, arrival times, or schedules.53-2031.00 | 0.0036100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 23 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Direct and assist passengers in emergency procedures, such as evacuating a plane following an emergency landing. | —0 |
Announce and demonstrate safety and emergency procedures, such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets. | —0 |
Walk aisles of planes to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to takeoffs and landings. | —0 |
Verify that first aid kits and other emergency equipment, including fire extinguishers and oxygen bottles, are in working order. | —0 |
Administer first aid to passengers in distress. | —0 |
Attend preflight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers. | —0 |
Prepare passengers and aircraft for landing, following procedures. | —0 |
Determine special assistance needs of passengers such as small children, the elderly, or disabled persons. | —0 |
Check to ensure that food, beverages, blankets, reading material, emergency equipment, and other supplies are aboard and are in adequate supply. | —0 |
Reassure passengers when situations such as turbulence are encountered. | —0 |
Announce flight delays and descent preparations. | —0 |
Inspect passenger tickets to verify information and to obtain destination information. | —0 |
Assist passengers entering or disembarking the aircraft. | —0 |
Inspect and clean cabins, checking for any problems and making sure that cabins are in order. | —0 |
Greet passengers boarding aircraft and direct them to assigned seats. | —0 |
Conduct periodic trips through the cabin to ensure passenger comfort and to distribute reading material, headphones, pillows, playing cards, and blankets. | —0 |
Take inventory of headsets, alcoholic beverages, and money collected. | —0 |
Operate audio and video systems. | —0 |
Assist passengers in placing carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under-seat storage. | —0 |
Prepare reports showing places of departure and destination, passenger ticket numbers, meal and beverage inventories, the conditions of cabin equipment, and any problems encountered by passengers. | —0 |
Collect money for meals and beverages. | —0 |
Heat and serve prepared foods. | —0 |
Sell alcoholic beverages to passengers. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Announce flight delays and descent preparations.O*NET Task ID 9646 | 1.0 |
Inspect passenger tickets to verify information and to obtain destination information.O*NET Task ID 9647 | 1.0 |
Take inventory of headsets, alcoholic beverages, and money collected.O*NET Task ID 9653 | 1.0 |
Prepare reports showing places of departure and destination, passenger ticket numbers, meal and beverage inventories, the conditions of cabin equipment, and any problems encountered by passengers.O*NET Task ID 9656 | 1.0 |
Answer passengers' questions about flights, aircraft, weather, travel routes and services, arrival times, or schedules.O*NET Task ID 9648 | 0.5 |
Direct and assist passengers in emergency procedures, such as evacuating a plane following an emergency landing.O*NET Task ID 9636 | 0.0 |
Announce and demonstrate safety and emergency procedures, such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets.O*NET Task ID 9637 | 0.0 |
Walk aisles of planes to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to takeoffs and landings.O*NET Task ID 9638 | 0.0 |
Verify that first aid kits and other emergency equipment, including fire extinguishers and oxygen bottles, are in working order.O*NET Task ID 9639 | 0.0 |
Administer first aid to passengers in distress.O*NET Task ID 9640 | 0.0 |
Attend preflight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers.O*NET Task ID 9641 | 0.0 |
Prepare passengers and aircraft for landing, following procedures.O*NET Task ID 9642 | 0.0 |
Determine special assistance needs of passengers, such as small children, the elderly, or disabled persons.O*NET Task ID 9643 | 0.0 |
Check to ensure that food, beverages, blankets, reading material, emergency equipment, and other supplies are aboard and are in adequate supply.O*NET Task ID 9644 | 0.0 |
Reassure passengers when situations, such as turbulence, are encountered.O*NET Task ID 9645 | 0.0 |
Assist passengers entering or disembarking the aircraft.O*NET Task ID 9649 | 0.0 |
Inspect and clean cabins, checking for any problems and making sure that cabins are in order.O*NET Task ID 9650 | 0.0 |
Greet passengers boarding aircraft and direct them to assigned seats.O*NET Task ID 9651 | 0.0 |
Conduct periodic trips through the cabin to ensure passenger comfort and to distribute reading material, headphones, pillows, playing cards, and blankets.O*NET Task ID 9652 | 0.0 |
Operate audio and video systems.O*NET Task ID 9654 | 0.0 |
Assist passengers in placing carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under-seat storage.O*NET Task ID 9655 | 0.0 |
Collect money for meals and beverages.O*NET Task ID 9657 | 0.0 |
Heat and serve prepared foods.O*NET Task ID 9658 | 0.0 |
Sell alcoholic beverages to passengers.O*NET Task ID 9659 | 0.0 |
Monitor passenger behavior to identify threats to the safety of the crew and other passengers.O*NET Task ID 23942 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Direct and assist passengers in emergency procedures, such as evacuating a plane following an emergency landing. | Core |
| Announce and demonstrate safety and emergency procedures, such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets. | Core |
| Walk aisles of planes to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to takeoffs and landings. | Core |
| Verify that first aid kits and other emergency equipment, including fire extinguishers and oxygen bottles, are in working order. | Core |
| Administer first aid to passengers in distress. | Core |
| Attend preflight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers. | Core |
| Prepare passengers and aircraft for landing, following procedures. | Core |
| Determine special assistance needs of passengers, such as small children, the elderly, or persons with disabilities. | Core |
| Check to ensure that food, beverages, blankets, reading material, emergency equipment, and other supplies are aboard and are in adequate supply. | Core |
| Reassure passengers when situations, such as turbulence, are encountered. | Core |
| Announce flight delays and descent preparations. | Core |
| Inspect passenger tickets to verify information and to obtain destination information. | Core |
| Answer passengers' questions about flights, aircraft, weather, travel routes and services, arrival times, or schedules. | Core |
| Assist passengers entering or disembarking the aircraft. | Core |
| Inspect and clean cabins, checking for any problems and making sure that cabins are in order. | Core |
| Greet passengers boarding aircraft and direct them to assigned seats. | Core |
| Conduct periodic trips through the cabin to ensure passenger comfort and to distribute reading material, headphones, pillows, playing cards, and blankets. | Core |
| Operate audio and video systems. | Core |
| Assist passengers in placing carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under-seat storage. | Core |
| Prepare reports showing places of departure and destination, passenger ticket numbers, meal and beverage inventories, the conditions of cabin equipment, and any problems encountered by passengers. | Core |
| Collect money for meals and beverages. | Core |
| Heat and serve prepared foods. | Core |
| Monitor passenger behavior to identify threats to the safety of the crew and other passengers. | Core |
| Take inventory of headsets, alcoholic beverages, and money collected. | Supplemental |
| Sell alcoholic beverages to passengers. | Supplemental |
0.38/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Direct and assist passengers in emergency procedures, such as evacuating a plane following an emergency landing. | E0 none |
| Walk aisles of planes to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to takeoffs and landings. | E0 none |
| Verify that first aid kits and other emergency equipment, including fire extinguishers and oxygen bottles, are in working order. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Administer first aid to passengers in distress. | E0 none |
| Prepare passengers and aircraft for landing, following procedures. | E0 none |
| Check to ensure that food, beverages, blankets, reading material, emergency equipment, and other supplies are aboard and are in adequate supply. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assist passengers entering or disembarking the aircraft. | E0 none |
| Inspect and clean cabins, checking for any problems and making sure that cabins are in order. | E0 none |
| Conduct periodic trips through the cabin to ensure passenger comfort and to distribute reading material, headphones, pillows, playing cards, and blankets. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assist passengers in placing carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under-seat storage. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Collect money for meals and beverages. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Heat and serve prepared foods. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Take inventory of headsets, alcoholic beverages, and money collected. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sell alcoholic beverages to passengers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 134K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 146K
- Change (2025–35)
- +8.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $63,580
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 44110 | 항공기 객실 승무원 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5111Travel Attendants and Travel Stewards
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Travel attendants and travel stewards ensure the comfort and safety of passengers, serve meals and beverages and render personal services, usually on aircraft and on board ships. They may plan and coordinate housekeeping and social activities on ships.
Tasks
- (a) greeting passengers entering aircraft or ships, checking tickets or boarding passes, and directing them to their seats or berths;
- (b) announcing, explaining and demonstrating safety and emergency procedures, such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets;
- (c) assembling and serving pre-prepared meals and beverages;
- (d) selling duty-free and other goods;
- (e) taking care of general needs and comfort of passengers, answering inquiries, and keeping cabins clean and tidy;
- (f) directing and assisting passengers and following prescribed procedures in the event of an emergency, such as evacuating an aircraft following an emergency landing;
- (g) verifying that first aid kits and other emergency equipment are in working order;
- (h) administering first aid to passengers in distress;
- (i) attending pre-flight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers;
- (j) preparing passengers and aircraft for take-off and landing;
- (k) determining special assistance needs of passengers such as small children, the elderly, or disabled persons.
Example occupations
Cabin attendant · Flight attendant · Ship’s steward
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- flight attendantESCO 5111.2.1Same scope
Flight attendants perform a variety of personal services conducive to the safety and comfort of airline passengers during flight. They greet passengers, verify tickets, and directs passengers to assigned seats. They prepare reports after landing describing how the flight went in terms of operations, procedures, and anomalities.
- steward/stewardessESCO 5111.2This occupation is broader
Stewards/stewardesses perform food and beverage service activities on all land, sea and air travel services.
- ship steward/ship stewardessESCO 5111.2.2Overlapping, not the same
Ship stewards and ship stewardesses work on board the vessel to provide services to passengers such as serving meals, housekeeping, welcoming passengers and explaining safety procedures.
- train attendantESCO 5111.2.3Overlapping, not the same
Train attendants work on trains to provide services to passengers such as welcoming passengers, answering their questions and serving meals.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| N2101 | Personnel Navigant Commercial (PNC) | Same scopeprovisional |
| N2104 | Instructeur / Instructrice Personnel Navigant Commercial (PNC) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5821 | Auxiliares de vuelo y camareros de avión, barco y tren | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 51401 | Servicekräfte im Personenverkehr (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer- und Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 51422 | Servicefachkräfte im Luftverkehr - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 404 | 身の回り世話従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources