Stockers and Order Fillers
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 53-7065.00
Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.20–0.37· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 4321Stock Clerks0.37
- ISCO-08 9334Shelf Fillers0.20
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only30 rated tasks · 8 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (26.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations 43-5081.01 Stock Clerks, Sales Floor; 43-5081.03 Stock Clerks- Stockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard; 43-5081.04 Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Answer customers' questions about merchandise and advise customers on merchandise selection.43-5081.01 | 0.028570.2 | 0.038685.2 |
Advise retail customers or internal users on the appropriateness of parts, supplies, or materials requested.43-5081.03 | 0.005613.8 | 0.00275.9 |
Provide assistance or direction to other stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard workers.43-5081.03 | 0.00266.4 | 0.00224.8 |
Design and set up advertising signs and displays of merchandise on shelves, counters, or tables to attract customers and promote sales.43-5081.01 | 0.00215.2 | —0 |
Compute prices of items or groups of items.43-5081.04 | 0.00184.4 | —0 |
Prepare and maintain records and reports of inventories, price lists, shortages, shipments, expenditures, and goods used or issued. | —0 | 0.00194.1 |
| Not observed on any surface — 35 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Itemize and total customer merchandise selection at checkout counter, using cash register, and accept cash or charge card for purchases. | —0 | —0 |
Take inventory or examine merchandise to identify items to be reordered or replenished. | —0 | —0 |
Pack customer purchases in bags or cartons. | —0 | —0 |
Stock shelves, racks, cases, bins, and tables with new or transferred merchandise. | —0 | —0 |
Receive, open, unpack and issue sales floor merchandise. | —0 | —0 |
Clean display cases, shelves, and aisles. | —0 | —0 |
Compare merchandise invoices to items actually received to ensure that shipments are correct. | —0 | —0 |
Transport packages to customers' vehicles. | —0 | —0 |
Stamp, attach, or change price tags on merchandise, referring to price list. | —0 | —0 |
Requisition merchandise from supplier based on available space, merchandise on hand, customer demand, or advertised specials. | —0 | —0 |
Receive and count stock items, and record data manually or using computer. | —0 | —0 |
Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards. | —0 | —0 |
Verify inventory computations by comparing them to physical counts of stock, and investigate discrepancies or adjust errors. | —0 | —0 |
Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas. | —0 | —0 |
Mark stock items using identification tags, stamps, electric marking tools, or other labeling equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and maintain supplies, tools, equipment, and storage areas to ensure compliance with safety regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Keep records on the use or damage of stock or stock-handling equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Examine and inspect stock items for wear or defects, reporting any damage to supervisors. | —0 | —0 |
Dispose of damaged or defective items, or return them to vendors. | —0 | —0 |
Issue or distribute materials, products, parts, and supplies to customers or coworkers, based on information from incoming requisitions. | —0 | —0 |
Recommend disposal of excess, defective, or obsolete stock. | —0 | —0 |
Determine proper storage methods, identification, and stock location based on turnover, environmental factors, and physical capabilities of facilities. | —0 | —0 |
Drive trucks to pick up incoming stock or to deliver parts to designated locations. | —0 | —0 |
Sell materials, equipment, and other items from stock in retail settings. | —0 | —0 |
Purchase new or additional stock, or prepare documents that provide for such purchases. | —0 | —0 |
Compile, review, and maintain data from contracts, purchase orders, requisitions, and other documents to assess supply needs. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with engineering and purchasing personnel and vendors regarding stock procurement and availability. | —0 | —0 |
Determine sequence and release of back orders according to stock availability. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare products, supplies, equipment, or other items for use by adjusting, repairing or assembling them as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Read orders to ascertain catalog numbers, sizes, colors, and quantities of merchandise. | —0 | —0 |
Obtain merchandise from bins or shelves. | —0 | —0 |
Complete order receipts. | —0 | —0 |
Keep records of out-going orders. | —0 | —0 |
Place merchandise on conveyors leading to wrapping areas. | —0 | —0 |
Requisition additional materials, supplies, and equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Complete order receipts.O*NET Task ID 23871 | 1.0 |
Keep records on the use or damage of stock or stock-handling equipment.O*NET Task ID 23894 | 1.0 |
Keep records of out-going orders.O*NET Task ID 23895 | 1.0 |
Read orders to ascertain catalog numbers, sizes, colors, and quantities of merchandise.O*NET Task ID 23873 | 0.5 |
Compare merchandise invoices to items actually received to ensure that shipments are correct.O*NET Task ID 23881 | 0.5 |
Take inventory or examine merchandise to identify items to be reordered or replenished.O*NET Task ID 23885 | 0.5 |
Design and set up advertising signs and displays of merchandise on shelves, counters, or tables to attract customers and promote sales.O*NET Task ID 23889 | 0.5 |
Requisition merchandise from supplier, based on available space, merchandise on hand, customer demand, or advertised specials.O*NET Task ID 23897 | 0.5 |
Obtain merchandise from bins or shelves.O*NET Task ID 23872 | 0.0 |
Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards.O*NET Task ID 23874 | 0.0 |
Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas.O*NET Task ID 23875 | 0.0 |
Examine and inspect stock items for wear or defects, reporting any damage to supervisors.O*NET Task ID 23876 | 0.0 |
Answer customers' questions about merchandise and advise customers on merchandise selection.O*NET Task ID 23877 | 0.0 |
Receive and count stock items, and record data manually or on computer.O*NET Task ID 23878 | 0.0 |
Stamp, attach, or change price tags on merchandise, referring to price list.O*NET Task ID 23879 | 0.0 |
Stock shelves, racks, cases, bins, and tables with new or transferred merchandise.O*NET Task ID 23880 | 0.0 |
Itemize and total customer merchandise selection at checkout counter, using cash register, and accept cash or charge card for purchases.O*NET Task ID 23882 | 0.0 |
Transport packages to customers' vehicles.O*NET Task ID 23883 | 0.0 |
Mark stock items, using identification tags, stamps, electric marking tools, or other labeling equipment.O*NET Task ID 23884 | 0.0 |
Issue or distribute materials, products, parts, and supplies to customers or coworkers, based on information from incoming requisitions.O*NET Task ID 23886 | 0.0 |
Provide assistance or direction to other stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard workers.O*NET Task ID 23887 | 0.0 |
Clean display cases, shelves, and aisles.O*NET Task ID 23888 | 0.0 |
Pack customer purchases in bags or cartons.O*NET Task ID 23890 | 0.0 |
Dispose of damaged or defective items, or return them to vendors.O*NET Task ID 23891 | 0.0 |
Clean and maintain supplies, tools, equipment, and storage areas to ensure compliance with safety regulations.O*NET Task ID 23892 | 0.0 |
Recommend disposal of excess, defective, or obsolete stock.O*NET Task ID 23893 | 0.0 |
Compute prices of items or groups of items.O*NET Task ID 23896 | 0.0 |
Determine proper storage methods, identification, and stock location, based on turnover, environmental factors, and physical capabilities of facilities.O*NET Task ID 23898 | 0.0 |
Operate equipment such as forklifts.O*NET Task ID 23899 | 0.0 |
Receive, unload, open, unpack, or issue sales floor merchandise.O*NET Task ID 23900 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Obtain merchandise from bins or shelves. | Core |
| Read orders to ascertain catalog numbers, sizes, colors, and quantities of merchandise. | Core |
| Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards. | Core |
| Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas. | Core |
| Examine and inspect stock items for wear or defects, reporting any damage to supervisors. | Core |
| Answer customers' questions about merchandise and advise customers on merchandise selection. | Core |
| Receive and count stock items, and record data manually or on computer. | Core |
| Stock shelves, racks, cases, bins, and tables with new or transferred merchandise. | Core |
| Compare merchandise invoices to items actually received to ensure that shipments are correct. | Core |
| Mark stock items, using identification tags, stamps, electric marking tools, or other labeling equipment. | Core |
| Take inventory or examine merchandise to identify items to be reordered or replenished. | Core |
| Issue or distribute materials, products, parts, and supplies to customers or coworkers, based on information from incoming requisitions. | Core |
| Provide assistance or direction to other stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard workers. | Core |
| Clean display cases, shelves, and aisles. | Core |
| Dispose of damaged or defective items, or return them to vendors. | Core |
| Clean and maintain supplies, tools, equipment, and storage areas to ensure compliance with safety regulations. | Core |
| Recommend disposal of excess, defective, or obsolete stock. | Core |
| Keep records on the use or damage of stock or stock-handling equipment. | Core |
| Requisition merchandise from supplier, based on available space, merchandise on hand, customer demand, or advertised specials. | Core |
| Determine proper storage methods, identification, and stock location, based on turnover, environmental factors, and physical capabilities of facilities. | Core |
| Receive, unload, open, unpack, or issue sales floor merchandise. | Core |
| Complete order receipts. | Supplemental |
| Stamp, attach, or change price tags on merchandise, referring to price list. | Supplemental |
| Itemize and total customer merchandise selection at checkout counter, using cash register, and accept cash or charge card for purchases. | Supplemental |
| Transport packages to customers' vehicles. | Supplemental |
| Design and set up advertising signs and displays of merchandise on shelves, counters, or tables to attract customers and promote sales. | Supplemental |
| Pack customer purchases in bags or cartons. | Supplemental |
| Keep records of out-going orders. | Supplemental |
| Compute prices of items or groups of items. | Supplemental |
| Operate equipment such as forklifts. | Supplemental |
1.01/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Obtain merchandise from bins or shelves. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Examine and inspect stock items for wear or defects, reporting any damage to supervisors. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Receive and count stock items, and record data manually or on computer. | E2 structured facilities |
| Stamp, attach, or change price tags on merchandise, referring to price list. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Stock shelves, racks, cases, bins, and tables with new or transferred merchandise. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mark stock items, using identification tags, stamps, electric marking tools, or other labeling equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Take inventory or examine merchandise to identify items to be reordered or replenished. | E2 structured facilities |
| Issue or distribute materials, products, parts, and supplies to customers or coworkers, based on information from incoming requisitions. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean display cases, shelves, and aisles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Design and set up advertising signs and displays of merchandise on shelves, counters, or tables to attract customers and promote sales. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Pack customer purchases in bags or cartons. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dispose of damaged or defective items, or return them to vendors. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean and maintain supplies, tools, equipment, and storage areas to ensure compliance with safety regulations. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate equipment such as forklifts. | E2 structured facilities |
| Receive, unload, open, unpack, or issue sales floor merchandise. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Compare merchandise invoices to items actually received to ensure that shipments are correct. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Itemize and total customer merchandise selection at checkout counter, using cash register, and accept cash or charge card for purchases. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport packages to customers' vehicles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 2.8M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 3.1M
- Change (2025–35)
- +8.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $37,330
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95391 | 매장 정리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4321Stock Clerks
- ISCO-08 9334Shelf Fillers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- warehouse workerESCO 9333.8Same scope
Warehouse workers execute the accurate handling, packing and storage of materials in a warehouse. They receive goods, label them, check quality, store the goods and document any damage. Warehouse workers also monitor stock levels of items, keep inventory and ship goods.
- footwear factory warehouse operatorESCO 4321.1.1Overlapping, not the same
Footwear factory warehouse operators for footwear are in charge of storing the raw and subsidiaries materials, the working devices and the components for footwear production. They ensure that all the components necessary for the production of shoes are ready to use in the production chain by classifying and registering the purchased component, forecasting purchases and distributing them across different departments.
- inventory coordinatorESCO 4321.1Overlapping, not the same
Inventory coordinators keep track of products stored in warehouses for transport to stores, wholesalers and individual customers. They inspect the inventory and maintain paperwork and documents.
- raw materials warehouse specialistESCO 4321.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Raw materials warehouse specialists organise and monitor the reception and storage of raw materials in the warehouse according to the required conditions. They monitor the stock levels.
- shelf fillerESCO 9334.1Overlapping, not the same
Shelf fillers stock and rotate merchandise on shelves, identifying and removing expired products. They clean the shop after its operational hours, ensuring that the shelves are fully stocked for the next day. Shelf fillers may use trolleys, small forklifts to move stock and ladders to reach high shelves. They also give directions to customers in order to locate specific products.
- warehouse operator for clothingESCO 4321.1.5Overlapping, not the same
Warehouse operators for clothing are in charge of storing textile fabrics, accessories and components for clothing production. They ensure that all the components necessary for the production of clothing are ready to use in the production chain by classifying and registering the purchased component, forecasting purchases and distributing them across different departments.
- warehouse order pickerESCO 9333.8.1Overlapping, not the same
Warehouse order pickers prepare orders manually. They pick up orders and bring them to the delivery platform for processing, or in the trade sector to allow customers to pick them up. They are expected to complete orders for shipment, keeping in mind the quantity and type of goods specified and meeting quality criteria established by the company. They also assemble various types of merchandise for shipment and transport orders to shipping locations as specified by a supervisor. They typically stack bundled articles on pallet by hand, are responsible for wrapping articles on the pallet to secure them while moving, and for ensuring the integrity of the pallet.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| D1507 | Employé / Employée de rayon libre-service | This occupation is broader |
| F1710 | Magasinier / Magasinière en négoce des matériaux de construction | This occupation is broader |
| N1103 | Préparateur / Préparatrice de commandes | This occupation is broader |
| N1110 | Magasinier / Magasinière | This occupation is broader |
| N1113 | Préparateur / Préparatrice au drive | This occupation is broader |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 9820 | Reponedores | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 9811 | Peones del transporte de mercancías y descargadores | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 4121 | Empleados de control de abastecimientos e inventario | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 51312 | Berufe in der Lagerwirtschaft - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 62101 | Berufe im Verkauf (ohne Produktspezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 51311 | Berufe in der Lagerwirtschaft - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 704 | 倉庫作業従事者 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 739 | その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources