Air Traffic Controllers

Transportation & Material Moving

AI exposure

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    Moderate· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Source dataset

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.31

    0.09Range of values carried here0.70

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value

    Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 65% score at or above this value.

    Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

TaskβE1 + 0.5 × E2
Review records or reports for clarity and completeness and maintain records or reports, as required under federal law.

O*NET Task ID 12748

1.0
Complete daily activity reports and keep records of messages from aircraft.

O*NET Task ID 12749

1.0
Monitor aircraft within a specific airspace, using radar, computer equipment, or visual references.

O*NET Task ID 12730

0.5
Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems.

O*NET Task ID 12731

0.5
Determine the timing or procedures for flight vector changes.

O*NET Task ID 12737

0.5
Maintain radio or telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units, or other area control centers to coordinate aircraft movement.

O*NET Task ID 12738

0.5
Contact pilots by radio to provide meteorological, navigational, or other information.

O*NET Task ID 12739

0.5
Initiate or coordinate searches for missing aircraft.

O*NET Task ID 12740

0.5
Check conditions and traffic at different altitudes in response to pilots' requests for altitude changes.

O*NET Task ID 12741

0.5
Relay air traffic information, such as courses, altitudes, or expected arrival times, to control centers.

O*NET Task ID 12742

0.5
Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions.

O*NET Task ID 12728

0.0
Monitor or direct the movement of aircraft within an assigned air space or on the ground at airports to minimize delays and maximize safety.

O*NET Task ID 12729

0.0
Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations.

O*NET Task ID 12732

0.0
Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.

O*NET Task ID 12733

0.0
Direct pilots to runways when space is available or direct them to maintain a traffic pattern until there is space for them to land.

O*NET Task ID 12734

0.0
Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights.

O*NET Task ID 12735

0.0
Direct ground traffic, including taxiing aircraft, maintenance or baggage vehicles, or airport workers.

O*NET Task ID 12736

0.0
Inspect, adjust, or control radio equipment or airport lights.

O*NET Task ID 12744

0.0
Provide on-the-job training to new air traffic controllers.

O*NET Task ID 20691

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information