Air Traffic Controllers
Transportation & Material MovingAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.31
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 65% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Review records or reports for clarity and completeness and maintain records or reports as required under federal law.53-2021 | 0.008248.5 |
Compile information about flights from flight plans, pilot reports, radar, or observations.53-2021 | 0.006538.5 |
Analyze factors such as weather reports, fuel requirements, or maps to determine air routes.53-2021 | 0.002213.1 |
| Not observed on any surface — 20 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions. | —0 |
Monitor or direct the movement of aircraft within an assigned air space or on the ground at airports to minimize delays and maximize safety. | —0 |
Monitor aircraft within a specific airspace, using radar, computer equipment, or visual references. | —0 |
Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems. | —0 |
Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations. | —0 |
Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties. | —0 |
Direct pilots to runways when space is available or direct them to maintain a traffic pattern until there is space for them to land. | —0 |
Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights. | —0 |
Direct ground traffic, including taxiing aircraft, maintenance or baggage vehicles, or airport workers. | —0 |
Determine the timing or procedures for flight vector changes. | —0 |
Maintain radio or telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units, or other area control centers to coordinate aircraft movement. | —0 |
Contact pilots by radio to provide meteorological, navigational, or other information. | —0 |
Initiate or coordinate searches for missing aircraft. | —0 |
Check conditions and traffic at different altitudes in response to pilots' requests for altitude changes. | —0 |
Relay air traffic information, such as courses, altitudes, or expected arrival times, to control centers. | —0 |
Inspect, adjust, or control radio equipment or airport lights. | —0 |
Organize flight plans or traffic management plans to prepare for planes about to enter assigned airspace. | —0 |
Complete daily activity reports and keep records of messages from aircraft. | —0 |
Provide on-the-job training to new air traffic controllers. | —0 |
Conduct pre-flight briefings on weather conditions, suggested routes, altitudes, indications of turbulence, or other flight safety information. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Review records or reports for clarity and completeness and maintain records or reports, as required under federal law.O*NET Task ID 12748 | 1.0 |
Complete daily activity reports and keep records of messages from aircraft.O*NET Task ID 12749 | 1.0 |
Monitor aircraft within a specific airspace, using radar, computer equipment, or visual references.O*NET Task ID 12730 | 0.5 |
Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems.O*NET Task ID 12731 | 0.5 |
Determine the timing or procedures for flight vector changes.O*NET Task ID 12737 | 0.5 |
Maintain radio or telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units, or other area control centers to coordinate aircraft movement.O*NET Task ID 12738 | 0.5 |
Contact pilots by radio to provide meteorological, navigational, or other information.O*NET Task ID 12739 | 0.5 |
Initiate or coordinate searches for missing aircraft.O*NET Task ID 12740 | 0.5 |
Check conditions and traffic at different altitudes in response to pilots' requests for altitude changes.O*NET Task ID 12741 | 0.5 |
Relay air traffic information, such as courses, altitudes, or expected arrival times, to control centers.O*NET Task ID 12742 | 0.5 |
Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions.O*NET Task ID 12728 | 0.0 |
Monitor or direct the movement of aircraft within an assigned air space or on the ground at airports to minimize delays and maximize safety.O*NET Task ID 12729 | 0.0 |
Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations.O*NET Task ID 12732 | 0.0 |
Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.O*NET Task ID 12733 | 0.0 |
Direct pilots to runways when space is available or direct them to maintain a traffic pattern until there is space for them to land.O*NET Task ID 12734 | 0.0 |
Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights.O*NET Task ID 12735 | 0.0 |
Direct ground traffic, including taxiing aircraft, maintenance or baggage vehicles, or airport workers.O*NET Task ID 12736 | 0.0 |
Inspect, adjust, or control radio equipment or airport lights.O*NET Task ID 12744 | 0.0 |
Provide on-the-job training to new air traffic controllers.O*NET Task ID 20691 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page