Anthropologists

Life, Physical & Social Sciences

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.135
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.48
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 21% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

Task	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Explain the origins and physical, social, or cultural development of humans, including physical attributes, cultural traditions, beliefs, languages, resource management practices, and settlement patterns. 19-3091	0.108821.9
Write, present, and publish reports that record site history, methodology, and artifact analysis results, along with recommendations for conserving and interpreting findings. 19-3091	0.087817.7
Formulate general rules that describe and predict the development and behavior of cultures and social institutions. 19-3091	0.04438.9
Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. 19-3091	0.04298.7
Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary. 19-3091	0.03477.0
Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings. 19-3091	0.03396.8
Organize public exhibits and displays to promote public awareness of diverse and distinctive cultural traditions. 19-3091	0.02925.9
Study archival collections of primary historical sources to help explain the origins and development of cultural patterns. 19-3091	0.02555.1
Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and authenticate them and to interpret their significance. 19-3091	0.02204.4
Plan and direct research to characterize and compare the economic, demographic, health care, social, political, linguistic, and religious institutions of distinct cultural groups, communities, and organizations. 19-3091	0.01372.8
Teach and mentor undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology. 19-3091	0.00941.9
Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made and their size, shape, function, and decoration. 19-3091	0.00791.6
Analyze and characterize user experiences and institutional settings to assist consumer product developers, technology developers, and software engineers with the design of innovative products and services. 19-3091	0.00701.4
Examine museum collections of hominid fossils to classify anatomical and physiological variations and to determine how they fit into evolutionary theory. 19-3091	0.00671.3
Develop and test theories concerning the origin and development of past cultures. 19-3091	0.00450.9
Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents. 19-3091	0.00400.8
Create artifact typologies to organize and make sense of past material cultures. 19-3091	0.00400.8
Teach archeology at colleges and universities. 19-3091	0.00270.5
Create a grid of each site and draw and update maps of unit profiles, stratum surfaces, features, and findings. 19-3091	0.00260.5
Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences. 19-3091	0.00250.5
Enhance the cultural sensitivity of elementary and secondary curricula and classroom interactions in collaboration with educators and teachers. 19-3091	0.00240.5
Show 11 more tasks ▾Show less ▴
Not observed on any surface — 23 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Advise government agencies, private organizations, and communities regarding proposed programs, plans, and policies and their potential impacts on cultural institutions, organizations, and communities.	—0
Build and use text-based database management systems to support the analysis of detailed first-hand observational records, or field notes.	—0
Identify culturally specific beliefs and practices affecting health status and access to services for distinct populations and communities, in collaboration with medical and public health officials.	—0
Develop intervention procedures, using techniques such as individual and focus group interviews, consultations, and participant observation of social interaction.	—0
Construct and test data collection methods.	—0
Train others in the application of ethnographic research methods to solve problems in organizational effectiveness, communications, technology development, policy making, and program planning.	—0
Collaborate with economic development planners to decide on the implementation of proposed development policies, plans, and programs based on culturally institutionalized barriers and facilitating circumstances.	—0
Apply systematic sampling techniques to ensure the accuracy, completeness, precision, and representativeness of individuals selected for sample surveys.	—0
Identify key individual cultural collaborators, using reputational and positional selection techniques.	—0
Conduct participatory action research in communities and organizations to assess how work is done and to design work systems, technologies, and environments.	—0
Gather and analyze artifacts and skeletal remains to increase knowledge of ancient cultures.	—0
Apply traditional ecological knowledge and assessments of culturally distinctive land and resource management institutions to assist in the resolution of conflicts over habitat protection and resource enhancement.	—0
Participate in forensic activities, such as tooth and bone structure identification, in conjunction with police departments and pathologists.	—0
Observe the production, distribution, and consumption of food to identify and mitigate threats to food security.	—0
Build geographic information systems (GIS) to record, analyze, and cartographically represent the distribution of languages, cultural and natural resources, land use, and settlement patterns of specific populations.	—0
Observe and measure bodily variations and physical attributes of different human groups.	—0
Research, survey, or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions.	—0
Consult site reports, existing artifacts, and topographic maps to identify archeological sites.	—0
Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes and recommend methods for site protection.	—0
Collect artifacts made of stone, bone, metal, and other materials, placing them in bags and marking them to show where they were found.	—0
Lead field training sites and train field staff, students, and volunteers in excavation methods.	—0
Clean, restore, and preserve artifacts.	—0
Present findings from archeological research to peers and the general public.	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. O*NET Task ID 22234	1.0
Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research. O*NET Task ID 22260	1.0
Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and authenticate them and to interpret their significance. O*NET Task ID 22231	0.5
Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents. O*NET Task ID 22232	0.5
Research, survey, or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions. O*NET Task ID 22233	0.5
Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made and their size, shape, function, and decoration. O*NET Task ID 22235	0.5
Plan and direct research to characterize and compare the economic, demographic, health care, social, political, linguistic, and religious institutions of distinct cultural groups, communities, and organizations. O*NET Task ID 22236	0.5
Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences. O*NET Task ID 22237	0.5
Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary. O*NET Task ID 22238	0.5
Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes and recommend methods for site protection. O*NET Task ID 22239	0.5
Gather and analyze artifacts and skeletal remains to increase knowledge of ancient cultures. O*NET Task ID 22240	0.5
Identify culturally specific beliefs and practices affecting health status and access to services for distinct populations and communities, in collaboration with medical and public health officials. O*NET Task ID 22242	0.5
Consult site reports, existing artifacts, and topographic maps to identify archeological sites. O*NET Task ID 22243	0.5
Train others in the application of ethnographic research methods to solve problems in organizational effectiveness, communications, technology development, policy making, and program planning. O*NET Task ID 22244	0.5
Advise government agencies, private organizations, and communities regarding proposed programs, plans, and policies and their potential impacts on cultural institutions, organizations, and communities. O*NET Task ID 22245	0.5
Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings. O*NET Task ID 22246	0.5
Develop and test theories concerning the origin and development of past cultures. O*NET Task ID 22248	0.5
Collaborate with economic development planners to decide on the implementation of proposed development policies, plans, and programs based on culturally institutionalized barriers and facilitating circumstances. O*NET Task ID 22250	0.5
Organize public exhibits and displays to promote public awareness of diverse and distinctive cultural traditions. O*NET Task ID 22253	0.5
Formulate general rules that describe and predict the development and behavior of cultures and social institutions. O*NET Task ID 22254	0.5
Study archival collections of primary historical sources to help explain the origins and development of cultural patterns. O*NET Task ID 22255	0.5
Apply traditional ecological knowledge and assessments of culturally distinctive land and resource management institutions to assist in the resolution of conflicts over habitat protection and resource enhancement. O*NET Task ID 22256	0.5
Enhance the cultural sensitivity of elementary and secondary curricula and classroom interactions in collaboration with educators and teachers. O*NET Task ID 22257	0.5
Participate in forensic activities, such as tooth and bone structure identification, in conjunction with police departments and pathologists. O*NET Task ID 22258	0.5
Teach or mentor undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology or archeology. O*NET Task ID 22259	0.5
Show 15 more tasks ▾Show less ▴
Collect artifacts made of stone, bone, metal, and other materials, placing them in bags and marking them to show where they were found. O*NET Task ID 22241	0.0
Develop intervention procedures, using techniques such as individual and focus group interviews, consultations, and participant observation of social interaction. O*NET Task ID 22247	0.0
Lead field training sites and train field staff, students, and volunteers in excavation methods. O*NET Task ID 22249	0.0
Clean, restore, and preserve artifacts. O*NET Task ID 22251	0.0
Conduct participatory action research in communities and organizations to assess how work is done and to design work systems, technologies, and environments. O*NET Task ID 22252	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ESCO occupational vocabulary

criminologistESCO 2632.4
Criminologists study conditions pertaining to humans such as the social and psychological aspects that could lead them to commit criminal acts. They observe and analyse different factors ranging from behavioural conditions up to social background and environment of suspects in order to advise organisations on the prevention of crime.
sociologistESCO 2632.6
Sociologists focus their research on explaining social behaviour and the way people have organised themselves as a society. They research and explain the way societies have evolved by describing their legal, political, and economic systems and their cultural expressions.
media scientistESCO 2632.1.2
Media scholars research the role and impact that media has on the society. They observe and document the usage of different kinds of media such as newspapers, radio and TV and the response from society.
archaeologistESCO 2632.2
Archaeologists research and study past civilisations and settlements through collecting and inspecting material remains. They analyse and draw conclusions on a wide array of matters such as hierarchy systems, linguistics, culture, and politics based on the study of objects, structures, fossils, relics, and artifacts left behind by these peoples. Archaeologists utilise various interdisciplinary methods such as stratigraphy, typology, 3D analysis, mathematics, and modelling.
social work researcherESCO 2632.6.1
Social work researchers manage research projects aiming to investigate and provide reports on social issues. They first perform research by gathering information through interviews, focus groups and questionnaires; followed by organising and analysing the gathered information using computer software packages. They analyse social problems and needs, and the different ways and techniques to respond to them.
behavioural scientistESCO 2632.3
Behavioural scientists research, observe and describe human behaviour in society. They draw conclusions on the motives that stir actions in humans, observe the various circumstances for different behaviours, and describe different personalities. They advise organisations and governmental institutions on this field. They may also analyse the behaviour of animals.
communication scientistESCO 2632.1.1
Communication scientists research the different aspects of the planning, collecting, creating, organizing, preserving, using, evaluating and exchanging information through verbal or non-verbal communication. They study the interactions between groups, individuals, and individuals with technologies (robots).
thanatology researcherESCO 2632.7
Thanatology researchers study death and the dying in a variety of scientific fields such as psychology, sociology, physiology and anthropology. They contribute to the growth of knowledge on aspects of death such as the psychological phenomena the dying and those around them are experiencing.
anthropologistESCO 2632.1
Anthropologists research all aspects of life pertaining to humans. They study the various civilisations that have existed along the time and their ways of organisation. They attempt to analyse the physical, societal, linguistic, political, economical, philosophical, and cultural aspects of different people. The aim of their studies is to understand and describe the past of humanity and solve topical societal problems. They explore different perspectives such as philosophical anthropology.
geographerESCO 2632.5
Geographers are scholars who study human and physical geography. Depending on their specialisation, they study political, economical and cultural aspects of humanity contained within human geography. Moreover, they study land formations, soils, natural frontiers, and water flows contained in physical geography.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

AI exposure

Task-level exposure

Occupation information

ILO occupational description

ESCO occupational vocabulary