Building Maintenance Workers
Construction, Maintenance & RepairAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 98% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks onlyValues in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record type and cost of maintenance or repair work.O*NET Task ID 3025 | 1.0 |
Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary.O*NET Task ID 3023 | 0.5 |
Plan and lay out repair work, using diagrams, drawings, blueprints, maintenance manuals, or schematic diagrams.O*NET Task ID 3028 | 0.5 |
Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers.O*NET Task ID 20674 | 0.5 |
Estimate costs to repair machinery, equipment, or building structures.O*NET Task ID 20678 | 0.5 |
Design new equipment to aid in the repair or maintenance of machines, mechanical equipment, or building structures.O*NET Task ID 20679 | 0.5 |
Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment.O*NET Task ID 3022 | 0.0 |
Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 3024 | 0.0 |
Clean or lubricate shafts, bearings, gears, or other parts of machinery.O*NET Task ID 3026 | 0.0 |
Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges.O*NET Task ID 3030 | 0.0 |
Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures.O*NET Task ID 3031 | 0.0 |
Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts.O*NET Task ID 3032 | 0.0 |
Align and balance new equipment after installation.O*NET Task ID 3033 | 0.0 |
Inspect used parts to determine changes in dimensional requirements, using rules, calipers, micrometers, or other measuring instruments.O*NET Task ID 3034 | 0.0 |
Set up and operate machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, jigs, fixtures, or tools.O*NET Task ID 3035 | 0.0 |
Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings.O*NET Task ID 3037 | 0.0 |
Lay brick to repair or maintain buildings, walls, arches, or other structures.O*NET Task ID 3039 | 0.0 |
Grind and reseat valves, using valve-grinding machines.O*NET Task ID 3040 | 0.0 |
Assemble boilers at installation sites, using tools such as levels, plumb bobs, hammers, torches, or other hand tools.O*NET Task ID 19897 | 0.0 |
Install equipment to improve the energy or operational efficiency of residential or commercial buildings.O*NET Task ID 19898 | 0.0 |
Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency.O*NET Task ID 19899 | 0.0 |
Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects.O*NET Task ID 19900 | 0.0 |
Test and treat water supply.O*NET Task ID 20148 | 0.0 |
Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools.O*NET Task ID 20670 | 0.0 |
Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions.O*NET Task ID 20671 | 0.0 |
Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices.O*NET Task ID 20672 | 0.0 |
Maintain or repair specialized equipment or machinery located in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, or factories.O*NET Task ID 20673 | 0.0 |
Perform general cleaning of buildings or properties.O*NET Task ID 20675 | 0.0 |
Train or manage maintenance personnel or subcontractors.O*NET Task ID 20676 | 0.0 |
Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal.O*NET Task ID 20677 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page