Crystallographers
Life, Physical & Social SciencesAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.273
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.38
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 48% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.19-2012 | 0.009354.4 | 0.014361.6 |
Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.19-2012 | 0.007845.6 | 0.006929.7 |
Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena. | —0 | 0.00208.6 |
| Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms. | —0 | —0 |
Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena. | —0 | —0 |
Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences. | —0 | —0 |
Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures. | —0 | —0 |
Direct testing and monitoring of contamination of radioactive equipment, and recording of personnel and plant area radiation exposure data. | —0 | —0 |
Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology. | —0 | —0 |
Teach physics to students. | —0 | —0 |
Develop manufacturing, assembly, and fabrication processes of lasers, masers, infrared, and other light-emitting and light-sensitive devices. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct application evaluations and analyze results to determine commercial, industrial, scientific, medical, military, or other uses for electro-optical devices. | —0 | —0 |
Develop standards of permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in liquids and gases. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct research pertaining to potential environmental impacts of atomic energy-related industrial development to determine licensing qualifications. | —0 | —0 |
Advise authorities of procedures to be followed in radiation incidents or hazards, and assist in civil defense planning. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.O*NET Task ID 10903 | 1.0 |
Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.O*NET Task ID 10904 | 1.0 |
Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.O*NET Task ID 10906 | 1.0 |
Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.O*NET Task ID 10907 | 1.0 |
Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.O*NET Task ID 10911 | 1.0 |
Develop manufacturing, assembly, and fabrication processes of lasers, masers, infrared, and other light-emitting and light-sensitive devices.O*NET Task ID 10913 | 1.0 |
Write research proposals to receive funding.O*NET Task ID 21174 | 1.0 |
Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.O*NET Task ID 10905 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.O*NET Task ID 10908 | 0.5 |
Teach physics to students.O*NET Task ID 10912 | 0.5 |
Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.O*NET Task ID 10910 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page