Judicial Law Clerks

Legal

AI exposure

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    High· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.170

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Source dataset

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.39

    0.09Range of values carried here0.70

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value

    Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 44% score at or above this value.

    Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

TaskβE1 + 0.5 × E2
Draft or proofread judicial opinions, decisions, or citations.

O*NET Task ID 19047

1.0
Verify that all files, complaints, or other papers are available and in the proper order.

O*NET Task ID 19054

1.0
Enter information into computerized court calendar, filing, or case management systems.

O*NET Task ID 19057

1.0
Attend court sessions to hear oral arguments or record necessary case information.

O*NET Task ID 19044

0.5
Communicate with counsel regarding case management or procedural requirements.

O*NET Task ID 19045

0.5
Confer with judges concerning legal questions, construction of documents, or granting of orders.

O*NET Task ID 19046

0.5
Keep abreast of changes in the law and inform judges when cases are affected by such changes.

O*NET Task ID 19048

0.5
Prepare briefs, legal memoranda, or statements of issues involved in cases, including appropriate suggestions or recommendations.

O*NET Task ID 19050

0.5
Research laws, court decisions, documents, opinions, briefs, or other information related to cases before the court.

O*NET Task ID 19051

0.5
Review complaints, petitions, motions, or pleadings that have been filed to determine issues involved or basis for relief.

O*NET Task ID 19052

0.5
Participate in conferences or discussions between trial attorneys and judges.

O*NET Task ID 19049

0.0
Perform courtroom duties, including calling calendars, administering oaths, and swearing in jury panels and witnesses.

O*NET Task ID 19059

0.0
Supervise law students, volunteers, or other personnel assigned to the court.

O*NET Task ID 19062

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information