Musicians and Singers

Arts, Design, Entertainment & Media

AI exposure

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    Moderate· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Source dataset

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.28

    0.09Range of values carried here0.70

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value

    Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 73% score at or above this value.

    Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

TaskβE1 + 0.5 × E2
Interpret or modify music, applying knowledge of harmony, melody, rhythm, and voice production to individualize presentations and maintain audience interest.

O*NET Task ID 22576

1.0
Memorize musical selections and routines, or sing following printed text, musical notation, or customer instructions.

O*NET Task ID 22580

1.0
Play from memory or by following scores.

O*NET Task ID 22583

1.0
Seek out and learn new music suitable for live performance or recording.

O*NET Task ID 22589

1.0
Transpose music to alternate keys, or to fit individual styles or purposes.

O*NET Task ID 22595

1.0
Compose songs or create vocal arrangements.

O*NET Task ID 22597

1.0
Arrange and edit music to fit style and purpose.

O*NET Task ID 22598

1.0
Improvise music during performances.

O*NET Task ID 22599

1.0
Sing a cappella or with musical accompaniment.

O*NET Task ID 22575

0.5
Teach music for specific instruments.

O*NET Task ID 22586

0.5
Perform before live audiences in concerts, recitals, educational presentations, and other social gatherings.

O*NET Task ID 22574

0.0
Specialize in playing a specific family of instruments or a particular type of music.

O*NET Task ID 22577

0.0
Sing as a soloist or as a member of a vocal group.

O*NET Task ID 22578

0.0
Observe choral leaders or prompters for cues or directions in vocal presentation.

O*NET Task ID 22579

0.0
Play musical instruments as soloists, or as members or guest artists of musical groups such as orchestras, ensembles, or bands.

O*NET Task ID 22581

0.0
Sight-read musical parts during rehearsals.

O*NET Task ID 22582

0.0
Practice singing exercises and study with vocal coaches to develop voice and skills and to rehearse for upcoming roles.

O*NET Task ID 22584

0.0
Listen to recordings to master pieces or to maintain and improve skills.

O*NET Task ID 22585

0.0
Audition for orchestras, bands, or other musical groups.

O*NET Task ID 22588

0.0
Learn acting, dancing, and other skills required for dramatic singing roles.

O*NET Task ID 22594

0.0
Direct bands or orchestras.

O*NET Task ID 22596

0.0
Practice performances, individually or in rehearsal with other musicians, to master individual pieces of music or to maintain and improve skills.

O*NET Task ID 22603

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information